1st LESSON: THE EARTH IN THE UNIVERSE

1. Use short answers: [2,5 points]

a) What is the geocentric model?

b) Who did propose the heliocentric model?

c) Which things have been proven wrong about the heliocentric model?

d) What form did Copernicus think the orbits of the planets had?

e) Who did discover the real form of orbits and which was this form?

2. Match each celestial body to a characteristic: [1,5 points]

a) Haumea 1. It’s not a planet, but a satellite.
b) Mars 2. The biggest planet in the solar system.
c) Saturn 3. 71% of its surface is covered with water.
d) Earth 4. It’s a dwarf planet.
e) Jupiter 5. It doesn’t have an atmosphere.
f) Uranus 6. The only planet with clearly visible rings.
g) Pluto 7. Known as the Red Planet, it’s an inner planet with
solid rocky surfaces and iron oxides.
h) Moon 8. Third outer planet further away from the Sun.
i) Mercury 9. It was a planet until the IAU changed its definition of
planet.
3. Use short answers: [3 points]
a) In Ancient times, people believed the Earth was flat, but Aristotle made some
observations that proved it was in fact a sphere. Name one of these three
observations.

b) What is the name of the imaginary line which divides the Earth in two halves? What is
the name of these two halves?

c) Briefly explain the Earth's rotation and revolution movements.

d) Why does our planet have day and night?

e) Why does the length of day and night change throughout the year?

f) Why are seasons?

4. Put the Moon Phases where they belong: [0,5 points]
Waning crescent / Waning Gibbous / Waxing Crescent / Full Moon / Last Quarter
First Quarter / Waxing Gibbous

5. Write down what phenomenon are these, and complete: [0,5 points]

a) A ____________________ happens when the _________ or part of the

_____________ is hidden by the ______________.
b) A ____________________ happens when the _________ or part of the
_____________ is hidden by the ______________.

6. Answer true (T) or false (F) the following affirmations about the characteristics of the solar
system. Correct false affirmations. [1 point]
a) The Sun and all the planets revolve around it, but in different directions.
b) The orbits of all the planets are situated, more or less, on the same plane: the elliptic
plane.
c) The outer planets are small and rocky, while the inner ones are large and gaseous.
d) All of the rocky celestial bodies (inner planets, asteroids and satellites) have numerous
impact craters.

7. What do you know about the Milky Way? [1 point]