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Product Description
Version: B
Code: MN000001256
December 2015
Thank you for choosing our products.
Version
Version Description
B Update version.
I
Intended Readers
u Commissioning engineers
u Ethernet technology
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
Cascading
→ Cascade multiple-level menu options.
menu
Bi-directional
↔ The service signal is bi-directional.
service
Unidirectional
→ The service signal is unidirectional.
service
II
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................I
Version ............................................................................................................I
Conventions ...................................................................................................II
1 Overview ........................................................................................................1
3 Product Structure..........................................................................................58
7 Technical Specifications..............................................................................153
7.3.1 The Main Path Reference Points in the CWDM System ...156
7.3.2 The DWDM System Main Path Reference Points ............158
Product Introduction
Product Feature
Product Positioning
Network Application
Version: B 1
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
CiTRANS 650 U5, the compact POT (Packet Optical Transport) equipment, is
designed and developed to meet the requirements of a variety of flexible
transmission at access/convergence layer. Using the unified VC/ODUK/Packet
switching platform, the product supports multi-service access, packet switching,
OTN encapsulation and mapping, and wavelength division multiplexing. The
product supports stacking of multiple devices, so as to facilitate extension of
accessed service and channel number. The CiTRANS 650 U5 features guaranteed
QoS mechanism, carrier-class reliability, a complete set of service processing
capabilities, convenient and flexible service configuration and management, and
high-precision time synchronization, meeting the requirements of data services and
wireless access network services for the network equipment. The appearance of the
product is as shown below.
Taking the unified switching as the core, the CiTRANS 650 U5 provides access of
services such as Ethernet, TDM, SDH, OTN, SAN, CPRI and video services,
meeting full-service access requirements of operators.
2 Version: B
1 Overview
u Universal-switch architecture
u High reliability
Version: B 3
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Mainly located at the small- or large-scale access convergence node in the packet
metropolitan area network, the CiTRANS 650 U5 provides a full service access
required by the operator.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 integrates packet processing and optical transmission and
provides interfaces for multiple services including Ethernet, TDM, SDH, OTN, SAN,
CPRI, and video services. It can be applied in many scenarios such as IP-based
RAN transmission and fixed bandwidth data convergence and transmission. It
provides abundant service types and impeccable service management mechanism
for fixed network users, commercial network users, and mobile network users. It is
applicable to the access layer of MANs and LANs.
The following introduces the network mode when the CiTRANS 650 U5 serves as
the packet switching equipment, TDM equipment and WDM equipment respectively.
Besides, the CiTRANS 650 U5 also supports the combination of these three
network modes.
The following introduces the network application mode of the CiTRANS 650 U5
when it serves as the packet switching equipment.
Below are types of Ethernet services supported by the CiTRANS 650 U5.
u E-Line service
u E-LAN service
u E-Tree service
Table 1-1 shows the application scenarios of the Ethernet service provided by the
CiTRANS 650 U5.
4 Version: B
1 Overview
Item Description
Figure 1-1 shows the typical network of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in the E-Line service.
Figure 1-2 shows the typical network of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in the E-LAN service.
Version: B 5
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Figure 1-3 shows the typical network of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in the E-Tree service.
u E1 service
6 Version: B
1 Overview
u STM-1 service
See Table 1-2 for the application scenario of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in TDM service.
Item Description
See Figure 1-4 for the typical network of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in the TDM service.
Version: B 7
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
LTE (Long Term Evolution), also known as 3.9G standard, is a brand name of
emerging and developed technology that comprises the existing 3G and 4G
networks. It improves and enhances the wireless access technology of 3G. In LTE,
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple-input Multiple-
output (MIMO) are the only standards for wireless network evolution. The LTE
specification provides the peak rates of 326Mbit/s for downlink and 86Mbit/s for
uplink under the 20MHz spectrum bandwidth. The main advantages with LTE are
larger cell capacity, lower latency and better user experience.
The LTE technology supports larger bandwidth for uplink and downlink, and
provides high-speed wireless access services for users. At the same time, the LTE
technology requires more from the bearer network, includes high-rate, large
capacity, low latency, precise time synchronization and stable protection recovery
mechanism of the bearer network.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 meets the requirements of the LTE standard for bearer
network equipment. Figure 1-5 shows the typical network of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in
the LTE service.
8 Version: B
1 Overview
The CiTRANS 650 U5 still serves as a trunk convergence node. The eNodeB
provides the functions of the original NodeB as well as most of the functions of the
original Radio Network Controller (RNC). The original backbone network is merged
and simplified as the MME and SGW. The structure of the LTE network is obviously
optimal and more reliable.
The following introduces the WDM network application mode of the CiTRANS 650
U5.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 can be flexibly configured as OTM, OADM and OLA
equipment. It supports point-to-point, chain and ring network modes.
Point-to-point Network
As shown in the figure below, the point-to-point network is the simplest network
application of the CiTRANS 650 U5 and generally used in the end-to-end service
transmission.
The point-to-point network is usually composed of OTM stations and meets the
requirements of ULH (Ultra Long Haul) transmission in MAN with a combined
application of the power amplification, FEC and DCM technologies.
Chain Network
Version: B 9
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Ring Network
The ring network is most widely used in the OTN network planning, as shown below
in the figure.
The ring network provides bidirectional service protection at the optical layer. The
sub-wavelength services in the ring can share the wavelength bandwidth in the ring
to enable flexible allocation and grooming of sub-wavelength services.
The ring network can be used to carry point-to-point services, aggregated services
and broadcast services, as shown below in the figure.
10 Version: B
1 Overview
Figure 1-9 The Application of Point-to-point Service, Aggregated Service and Broadcast
Service in the Ring Network
Version: B 11
2 Functions and Features
Transmission Capacity
Protection Capability
OAM Feature
QoS Feature
Clock Feature
Easy Maintenance
12 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
The CiTRANS 650 U5 can be configured as either CWDM system or DWDM system.
Below are the wavelength band and wavelength spacing of the CWDM and the
DWDM systems.
u In the CWDM system, the wavelength spacing is 20nm, and the wavelengths
range from 1471nm to 1611nm.
u In the DWDM system, wavelengths in the C-band are used, and the
wavelength spacing is 0.8nm. The wavelengths range from 1529.55nm to
1560.61nm (192.10THz to 196.00THz).
Version: B 13
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The following introduces the transmission capacity of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in the
CWDM system and the DWDM system.
14 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
The following introduces the service types and access capability of the CiTRANS
650 U5.
See Table 2-4 for the service types supported by the CiTRANS 650 U5.
ITU-T G.703
ITU-T G.783
E1
ITU-T G.823
SDH service ITU-T G.824
ITU-T G.707
STM-1/4/16/64/256 ITU-T G.691
ITU-T G.957
GR-253-CORE
OC-1/OC-3/OC-12/OC-
SONET service GR-1377-CORE
48/OC-192/OC-768
ANSI T1.105
OTU-1/OTU-2/OTU- ITU-T G.709
OTN service
2e/OTU-3/OTU-3e ITU-T G.959.1
ANSI X3.230
F-
SAN service ANSI X3.296
C100/200/400/800/1200
ANSI X3.303
CPRI line bit rate option
CPRI service G.709
2/3/4/6/7
Version: B 15
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
See Table 2-5 for types and access capabilities of various services supported by
the CiTRANS 650 U5.
Accessed
Service Interface
Service Type Card Name Line Applicable Slot
Category TypeNote 1
Quantity
Optical
EQA1 1 1 to 15
Interface
40GE
Optical
TN3A1 1 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
XSV1 1 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
XSV2 2 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
10GE 2OTU2S 2 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
4TN2 4 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
4TP2 4 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
GSV1 4 1 to 15
Interface
Ethernet service
Optical
GSV3 8 1 to 15
Interface
GE
Optical
8TN1 8 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
8TP1 8 1 to 15
Interface
Optical/Electri-
GSV2 4 1 to 15
cal Interface
Optical/Electri-
GE/FE hybrid GSV4 8 1 to 15
cal Interface
Optical
MST2E 8 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
ESV1 4 1 to 15
Interface
FE
Optical
ESV2 8 1 to 15
Interface
16 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
Accessed
Service Interface
Service Type Card Name Line Applicable Slot
Category TypeNote 1
Quantity
Electrical
E1V1 32 1 to 15
E1 interface
E1V2Note 32 - 1 to 15
TDM service Optical
STM-1 S1V1 4 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
STM-1 S1V2 4 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
STM-1/4/16 MST2E,8TN1 8 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
SDH service STM-64 4TN2,4TP2 4 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
STM-256 TN3A1 1 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
FC100/200/400 MST2E 8 1 to 15
Interface
SAN service
Optical
FC800/1200 4TN2,4TP2 4 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
OTU1 service OTU1 MST2E,8TN1 8 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
2OTU2S 2 1 to 15
Interface
1LN2 1
2LN2 2 Optical
1 to 15
4LN2 4 Interface
OTU2 service OTU2
5LN2 5
Optical
MST2E 1 1 to 15
Interface
Optical
4TN2,4TP2 4 1 to 15
Interface
TN3A1 Optical
OTU3 service OTU3 1 1 to 15
LN3A1 Interface
Optical
CPRI service CPRI 2/3/4/6/7 MST2E 8 1 to 15
Interface
Note 1: The E1V2 card has no service interface and needs to work together with the E1
terminal board.
Version: B 17
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
It is recommended that two SRC5A cards in hot standby mode be configured for the
CiTRANS 650 U5. When the active card fails, services on the active card will be
switched to the standby card, so as to implement the 1+1 protection.
It is recommended that two PWR cards in hot standby mode be configured for the
CiTRANS 650 U5. When the active card fails, the power supply to which the
standby card connects provides power for the equipment, implementing 1+1
protection.
18 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
The fan unit of the CiTRANS 650 U5 includes some fans that are working
independently and performing mutual hot standby. When all fans are operating
normally, the fan unit rotates according to the working mode set by the SRC5A card.
If one of the fans fails or stops rotating, the fan unit will report the alarm information
and refuse to receive the command from the SRC5A card, and the remaining fans
run in full speed, so as to facilitate the heat dissipation and guarantee the normal
operating of the equipment.
1+1
SNCP protection
1:1
Wrapping protection Ring network protection
1+1
STM-N MSP protection
1:1
In LSP 1:1 protection, the protection path is used to protect the services transmitted
over the working path. When the working path fails, the service switches to the
protection path.
Depending on whether the service is switched to the working path after the working
path is back to normal, the LSP protection can be divided into revertive and non-
revertive. And depending on whether the Rx and Tx ends of the service are
assisting the switching when the switching occurs, the LSP protection can be
divided into unidirectional and bidirectional protections.
Version: B 19
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
In LSP 1:1 protection, the active / standby status and switching status are
exchanged on the protection path through the APS protocol. The equipment at both
ends performs service switching according to protocol statuses and switching
statuses. The LSP 1:1 protection supports the BFD mode testing and the TP dual
stack testing.
PW APS Protection
In PW APS protection, the PW OAM packet is used to test the quality of the service
channel, and the APS packet is used between two stations for interaction and
switching.
The PW 1:1 protection is applied in the scenario of same source and same sink.
The PW APS protection is implemented by configuring two PWs with the same
source and sink stations but with different paths.
SNCP is used to protect internal subnet connections of the carrier's network. The
SNCP 1+1 protection service is dual-fed and selectively-received while the SNCP
1:1 protection service is single-fed and single-received.
Two independent subnet connections exist in the working space of the SNCP 1+1
and 1:1 protection. All services and channels transferred in the working subnet are
protected by the protection subnet. The SNCP protection, similar to the LSP
protection, is divided into revertive and non-revertive, unidirectional and bidirectional
protection, etc.
The SNCP 1+1 protection ascertains whether the working path is normal according
to the port alarms (such as Link-LOS, R-LOS, etc). If no alarm occurs, the working
path is normal and the Rx port receives service signals via the working path. If the
alarm occurs, the working path fails and the Rx port receives service signals via the
protection path.
20 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
In SNCP 1:1 protection, the active / standby status and switching status are
exchanged on the protection path through the APS protocol. The equipment at both
ends performs service switching according to protocol statuses and switching
statuses.
Wrapping Protection
A Link Aggregation Group (LAG) is a group of physical Ethernet interfaces with the
same rate that are bound as a logical interface for the purpose of increasing the
bandwidth and protecting link protection.
LAG provides larger bandwidth and higher reliability of the links. Members of the
port aggregation group perform mutual dynamic backup protection; when one link
fails, other links will take over the traffic load of the failed link to achieve load sharing.
The MSP (Multiplex Section Protection) is used to protect the multiplex section level
STM-1 / 4 service. The protection channel protects service transmitted by the
working channel. When the working channel fails, the service switches to the
protection channel.
The MSP 1+1 protection service is dual-fed and selectively received while the MSP
1:1 protection service is single-fed and single-received.
The MSP protection is realized by transferring the APS protocol carried by the K1/
K2 byte in the STM-1 / 4 signal.
Version: B 21
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Table 2-8 lists OAM standards supported by the CiTRANS 650 U5 at various layers
of the network.
22 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
Access link OAM performs the end-to-end OAM function for the service, and tests
the quality of the Ethernet link that crosses multiple NEs.
MPLS-TP OAM
MPLS-TP OAM can effectively detect and isolate defects in an MPLS-TP network
and monitor the network performance.
The equipment can trigger the protection switching using the detecting status of
OAM, so as to implement quick fault detection and service protection, and
guarantee the carrier-class QoS in the packet switched network.
The OAM mechanism of the MPLS-TP complies with the standard GACh+Y.1731. It
provides abundant service overhead, similar to the feature of the SDH network. It
also implements the functions of automatic network fault detection, protection
switching, performance monitoring and fault isolation for hierarchical network,
performing the OAM monitoring for each layer of the MPLS-TP.
Ethernet OAM
Ethernet OAM, a tool of monitoring network problems, works at the data link layer,
reports network status via the regular interacting of OAM PDU between devices and
assists network administrators in efficiently managing the network.
The Ethernet OAM is compliant with the ITU-T Y.1731 standard, supports proactive
and on-demand fault management mechanisms, and performs functions such as
Ethernet continuity check, loopback detection, link tracing message, alarm
indication message, maintenance communication channel message, and remote
defect indication.
Version: B 23
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
u Checks for network faults periodically and generates related maintenance and
alarm information.
Compared to the OAM functions of SDH/SONET and ATM, the traditional packet
based network management and maintenance functions are relatively weak and
cannot provide end-to-end service management, fault detection and performance
monitoring. POTN has the similar function as the OAM management function of the
SDH, which is different from the traditional packet transport technology and is the
key technology of POTN.
u Provides the OAM function related to the fault management; performs the
automatic detection, checking and verification, isolation, notification of network
faults. The end-to-end fault management function at the VC-layer can be
performed in the MPLS-TP network.
u Provides the OAM function related to the performance monitoring; performs the
online measurement of network performance and performance report function.
The end-to-end performance measurement function at the VC-layer can be
performed in the MPLS-TP network.
24 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
u Provides OAM functions for daily maintenance, including loopback and locking,
providing operators with more convenient maintenance operation methods for
daily network checking.
In the aspect of layer, the OAM includes VC, VP and VS, as shown in Figure 2-1.
In the aspect of function, the main functions of the MPLS-TP OAM include the
following aspects:
u Other OAMs.
Version: B 25
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
u LT: Determines the path from the source end to the destination maintenance
end point.
u AIS: Informs the path failure signal in service layer to the client layer.
u LCK: Locking signaling; used to inform a MEP, related service layer and
sublayer MEP to interrupt normal services because of the management
requirement.
u TST: Testing signaling. The testing request initiated by one MEP to another
MEP.
u DM: Packet delay and packet delay variation measurements signaling; used to
test packet transport delay and delay variation from one MEP to another MEP,
and test the total packet transport delay and delay variation of packets from
MEP A to MEP B and that of packets from MEP B to MEP A.
Other OAMs
26 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
u VS: Vendor specific signaling, used to transmit the specific functions of the
OAM frame of the equipment provider.
u CSF: Client signal fail signaling, used to transmit the fail signal of client layer at
the source end of the MPLS-TP path to the sink end of the MPLS-TP path.
u SCC: Transmits the control plane information from one MEP to the peer MEP.
Introduction
Traditional WDM products can only depend on B1 and J0 bytes of SDH overheads
for segmented performance and fault monitoring. When a service channel runs
across several systems, it is impossible to isolate faults quickly and accurately.
The OTN-based WDM products introduce abundant overheads and are equipped
with a sound mechanism of fault monitoring. See Figure 2-2 for the OTN frame
structure.
Version: B 27
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
In the figure, the structure of the SM, PM and TCMi overhead is shown in Figure 2-3,
Figure 2-4 and Figure 2-5.
28 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
Version: B 29
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
BIP8_SD: signal
BIP8 (Bit Interleaved Parity) BIP8_CV: error count
degradation
30 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
Function Implementation
u By configuring and monitoring the overhead bits for the SM bytes (the OTUk
layer section monitoring bytes), you can monitor the performance and faults of
the electrical regenerator section.
u By configuring and monitoring the overhead bits for the PM bytes (the ODUk
layer path monitoring bytes), you can monitor the performance and faults of
end-to-end wavelength service channels.
2) Set related SM and PM configuration items (e.g. TTI, BIP threshold, BEI
threshold, and TIM generation condition). Refer to Configuration Guide for
the setting of each configuration item.
Version: B 31
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Figure 2-6 The SM and PM Configuration and Planning Example Network Diagram
In this example, four channels of services are added / dropped at Station A and
Station B; another four channels of services are added / dropped at Station A
and Station C; and services between Station A and Station C pass through
Station B. Therefore, SM connection for corresponding services should be
established between Station A and Station B as well as between Station A and
Station C.
32 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
In this example, four channels of services are added / dropped at station A and
Station B; another four channels of services are added / dropped at Station A
and Station C. Therefore, PM connection for corresponding services should be
established between Station A and Station B as well as between Station A and
Station C.
The planning and configuration of TCMi (i=1 to 6) should include service flow
direction and fault isolation requirement, and hierarchical and segmented
management is usually provided for multi-operator / multi-vendor / multi-subnet.
Version: B 33
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Figure 2-9 The Network Diagram of a TCMi (i=1 to 6) Configuration and Planning Example
34 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
The following introduces the QoS feature of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 provides the hierarchical end-to-end QoS management and
the hierarchically differentiated and fine-grained transmission service based on
stream for every user group, every user and every user service.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports the add / drop traffic bandwidth control policy of
multiple layers as shown below:
Version: B 35
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
When forwarding data, the CiTRANS 650 U5 maps user priority and TMC layer
priority carried in received packets to PHBs and maps PHBs in the transmitted
packets to the TMC / TMP layer priority.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports setting PHBs for VPWS, VPWS flows, VPLS-VS,
and LAN ports emulated over VPLS. Users can either choose from the existing
mapping table for the PHB and TMC priority level, or set a specific PHB service
level.
When network congestion occurs, the CiTRANS 650 U5 employs certain queue
buffering management policies to preferentially ensure the QoS of services with
high priorities.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports two types of queue buffering management policies:
tail drop and WRED.
u Tail drop
u WRED
When the output buffer zone is below the START threshold, no data packet is
discarded. When the output buffer zone is above the END threshold, all data
packets are discarded. When the output buffer zone is between the START and
END thresholds, the discarding rate is an average-queue-length function.
Queue Scheduling
When congestion occurs, the CiTRANS 650 U5 uses different queue scheduling
policies to guarantee the QoS of services with high priority.
36 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports two types of queue scheduling policies as follows:
u SP: Packets in queues are scheduled based on the queue priority. In this case,
packets in a lower-priority queue are sent only when those in higher-priority
queues are all sent.
u WFQ: Queues are fairly scheduled based on their weights assigned. Queues
with higher priority are assigned higher weights and therefore occupy more
bandwidth. Similarly, queues with lower priority are assigned lower weights and
therefore occupy less bandwidth.
QoS does not contribute to increase of bandwidth but it can be used to allocate and
monitor network resources properly to minimize network delay and jitter and ensure
the quality of key services.
u Jitter: time deviation in arrival of packets in a group transmitted via the same
route.
Combined with the QoS technology of the MPLS-TP, the QoS mechanism includes
traffic classification, traffic policing, marking, traffic shaping, queue scheduling, and
congestion avoidance.
Version: B 37
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
u Traffic classification: The traffic is a group of data message with the same
feature and the classification of services can be based on the data message
traffic. The purpose of traffic classification is to differentiate services, so as to
facilitate the treatment of data message.
u Traffic policing: One action is used after the traffic classification, used to limit
the traffic rate of entering networks.
u Priority marking: Provides priority making services for the designated message,
and the marking contents include TOS, DSCP, 802.1p, MPLS EXP. Eight types
of priorities are supported according to the DiffServ specification.
u Traffic shaping: Sets limits on the burst of traffic, so as to transmit the message
traffic in an even rate and output the packet delay in the service traffic and
comply with the rules in the service model.
38 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
The CiTRANS 650 U5 can extract clock information from the following links:
u E1 interface
u FE interface
u GE interface
u 10GE/40GE interface
u STM-1/4/16/64/256 interface
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports two channels of external clock source input and
output. It can use clock interfaces of 75Ω and 120Ω, and provide stratum 3 clock
sources of 2048 kHz / 2048 kbit/s (HDB3) coding externally.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports three clock working modes for processing and
transmitting SSM: locked, hold-over, and free running.
u Supports three clock modes. Each port can be configured to work in desired
mode.
Version: B 39
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports the synchronous Ethernet technology and 1588v2
time synchronization technology to implement clock and time synchronization.
Below are the detailed introduction to these two technologies.
Background Information
Basic Concept
40 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
Working Principle
A high-precision timing signal is injected into the Ethernet clock processing module
of equipment at the source side (NE1) and transmitted via line transmitting module
as the system clock after being processed. The signal is extracted from the bit
stream of equipment at the Rx side (NE2). The signal precision can be synchronous
with the source end without loss in the process of transmission.
Network Application
See Figure 2-12 for the synchronous network scheme of frequency synchronization.
Version: B 41
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Background Information
42 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
Process
Before the 1588v2 technology is introduced, the time protocol, daytime protocol,
and Network Time Protocol (NTP) are used for time synchronization on the packet
network. The NTP is implemented completely via software, so its accuracy is
relatively low. The NTPv3 (widely used currently) can reach an accuracy of
approximately 10 ms. The IETF is standardizing NTPv4, which supports IPv6 and
discovering a server dynamically, with the synchronization accuracy of 10 μs. But
the stability and accuracy of NTP cannot meet the telecommunication network
requirements.
As shown in Table 2-10, 1588v2 has obvious advantages compared with traditional
timing technologies. The accuracy is of ns level, the cost is low, and it can be used
in different access conditions. 1588v2 has become an inevitable trend of
development at the industrial background with increasingly higher accuracy
requirements.
Atomic
Item GPS NTP CNSS 1588v2
Clock
Typical timing
20ns 10ms 100ns 10ns 100ns
accuracy
Satellite
coverage Yes No Yes No No
needed
Locking time 40s 30ns 60s - 60ns
Integrated cost Medium Low High High Low
Ethernet port
No Support No No Support
supported
Version: B 43
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Atomic
Item GPS NTP CNSS 1588v2
Clock
Security Low Low High High Medium
Reliability Medium High Medium High High
Basic Concept
4 SLAVE: slave clock port that receives the time synchronization information
sent from the uplink master port.
44 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
The BMC algorithm is the core technology of the 1588v2 protocol. In the BMC
algorithm, clock performance data is compared to determine the optimal clock
in the local network, which serves as the master clock.
u Synchronization interface
Working Principle
In 1588v2, the round trip delay of packets on the network is estimated to estimate
the equipment clock deviation independently, thereby implementing time
synchronization through master / slave synchronization. The operating principle of
the NTP is described as follows:
Version: B 45
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
1. NE1 transmits a PTP packet to NE2, and record the time when this packet
leaves NE1. The corresponding timestamp is t1.
2. When this PTP packet reaches NE2, NE2 adds the timestamp of receiving this
packet. The corresponding timestamp is Ts1.
3. NE1 transmits the Follow_Up message to NE2, for notifying NE2 of the time t1.
4. When this PTP packet leaves NE2, NE2 records the time t2 of this PTP packet
leaving NE2.
5. When NE1 receives the response packet, it adds a new timestamp Tm2. See
Figure 2-14 for the entire synchronization process.
6. The in-the-site equipment NE1 transmits the Follow_Up message to the in-the-
site equipment NE2, for notifying NE2 of the time Tm2.
Users can calculate the delta-T (dt) and delay between NE1 and NE2 using the
following formulas:
u delta-T: dt=[(Ts1-t1)-(Tm2-t2)]/2
u Delay: Delay=[(Ts1-t1)+(Tm2-t2)]/2
Via the two key parameters, NE2 can synchronize with NE1.
46 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
Network Application
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports two time signal synchronization modes: in-band
(1588v2 interface) and out-of-band (1PPS&ToD interface). The performance
specifications are as follows:
Version: B 47
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
4 ToD information: The default baud rate is 9600 without parity check. There
is one start bit (shown in low level) and one stop bit (shown in high level).
Idle frames are high level and contain eight data bits each. The ToD
information transmission occurs at 1ms after the rising edge of the 1 pps
and completes within 500ms, and the ToD information labels the rise time
of the current 1PPS. The transmitting frequency of the ToD protocol
message is once per second.
4 1PPS: The rising edge is used as the on-time edge. The rise time is less
than 50 ns. The pulse width is about 180 ms.
The time synchronization signals of the CiTRANS 650 U5 comply with the
standards listed in Table 2-11.
Standard / Specification
Standard / Specification Title
Number
Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for
IEEE 1588-2008
Networked Measurement and Control Systems
The EMC / EMI standards followed by the CiTRANS 650 U5 are shown in
Table 2-12.
Code Title
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
ETSI EN 300 386 (ERM); Telecommunication network equipment;
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements
48 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
Code Title
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-3: Testing and
EN 61000-4-3 measurement techniques-Radiated, radio-frequency,
electromagnetic field immunity test
The safety standards followed by the CiTRANS 650 U5 are shown in Table 2-13.
Number Title
Safety of laser products-Part 1: Equipment classification and
EN 60825-1
requirements
Version: B 49
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Number Title
Safety of Information technology equipment including Electrical
IEC 60950-2001
Business Equipment
50 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports multiple DCN construction modes and isolation of
MCN and SCN, and implements both in-band and out-of-band DCN network modes.
Version: B 51
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
u GE interface
u 10GE/40GE interface
u OTU interface
See Figure 2-16 for the in-band DCN network of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
In an out-of-band DCN, channels other than service channels are used to transmit
network management information to implement network management.
In out-of-band DCN network mode, the network management center can set up a
DCN with the managed equipment in multiple modes. The CiTRANS 650 U5
supports the following out-of-band DCN network modes:
u E1 private line
u Ethernet
52 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
See Figure 2-17 for the out-of-band DCN network of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 transmits the EMS information via and supervisory channels
and supports a hybrid network of and .
u : uses GCC overhead bytes to load the supervisory information which is then
transferred together with the main service signals in a single wavelength
channel. mode does not need an excessive optical supervisory channel card,
but requires the OTU (Optical Transponder Unit).
Note:
See for the application of the optical supervisory cards in the system.
Version: B 53
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The following introduces functions of the OTU card of the CiTRANS 650 U5. The
OTU card has the wavelength tunability function, APR function, pluggable optical
modules and supports remote software upgrade function. The EMS can
automatically identify the card and the card can automatically store information
about card operation and card failures.
The OTU card of the CiTRANS 650 U5 provides the function of wavelength
tunability. The wavelength can be tuned with a wavelength tuning module integrated
in the OTU card.
Function Introduction
The APR function refers to the automatic optical power reduction function of the
amplification card.
When optical cables are cut off, strong output power signals of previous
amplification cards will be exposed. To prevent strong light from burning
maintainers’ eyes, the system will reduce optical power of amplification cards of the
influenced optical transmission segments immediately and resume the normal work
automatically after the fault is eliminated.
Implementation
54 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
1. Fibers in the line between amplifier card 1 and 2 are broken. If the equipment at
Station B detects LOS alarms on amplifier card 2 and the IOSC card, Station B
will reduce the output power of amplifier card 3 to a safe range (below 0dBm).
2. When executing the APR function, the amplifier card 3 at the Station B notifies
the Station A to execute the APR function by transmitting information via the
IOSC card.
The amplification cards 1 to 3 resume the normal operating after fault elimination.
The CiTRANS 650 U5's OTU card uses two kinds of pluggable modules: SFP and
XFP.
Pluggable modules are used both on the client side and on the WDM side of the
OTU card. To adjust the type of services accessed or replace failed modules, users
need only to replace the module involved, instead of replacing the entire card.
Besides that, users can buy optical modules independently for capacity expansion
or use them as spare parts to save cost.
Version: B 55
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Remote upgrading of the card software to a new version can be conducted via the
EMS computer, which is convenient for the project start-up, equipment maintenance
and system upgrading in the future.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports the card bootstrap function. During the process of
equipment start-up or capacity expansion, the network management system can
automatically identify and monitor the newly installed cards inside the NE provided
that it can monitor the NE management card. In this case, the pre-configuration of
these cards via the network management system is not needed, which facilitates the
equipment start-up and capacity expansion.
When faults occur on the equipment, the card can promptly store various data and
information concerning the failure for cause analysis. Users can obtain related data
and information of faults by querying "Log" in the network management system.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 fan unit boasts the intelligent fan characteristics. After it is
configured to the intelligent fan mode, the rotation speed of the fan will change
according to the inner temperature of the equipment, so as to adjust the
temperature on a real time and guarantee that all cards are working under the
normal temperature.
u Fan intelligent control: Adjusts the fan rotation speed according to the subrack
temperature detected by the network management card. Intelligent fan control
parameters can be set based on actual conditions. The fan speed increases
automatically when the subrack temperature increases, and decreases
automatically when the subrack temperature decreases.
56 Version: B
2 Functions and Features
u Manual full speed / fast speed / slow speed / stop mode: rotates at the speed
configured manually.
Version: B 57
3 Product Structure
The following introduces the architecture of the CiTRANS 650 U5, and includes the
following contents.
Logical Structure
Hardware Structure
58 Version: B
3 Product Structure
The CiTRANS 650 U5's functional modules include the service processing module,
power & NE management module, clock module and cooling module, as shown in
Figure 3-1.
The service processing module includes the client interface, line interface and
switching core.
The equipment is able to access multiple services via client side interfaces and line
side interfaces.
u Client side: 40GE ,10GE, GE, FE, E1, STM-1/4/16/64/256, OTU1/2/3, and
SAN.
NE Management Module
Version: B 59
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The clock and time control module supports physical-layer clock synchronization
and time synchronization complying with 1588v2 / IEEE 802.1as.
u Supports time synchronization. The module receives time signals through the
external time interface. It provides synchronous time to system modules and
time signal output.
Cooling Module
The cooling module cools and dissipates heat for the system. It consists of the fan
unit and intelligent fan control software. The functions are described as follows:
u Supports the fan rotational speeds at full speed, fast, slow and stopped.
Power Module
The power module provides power supply for various modules of the system.
60 Version: B
3 Product Structure
The hardware of the CiTRANS 650 U5 includes the cabinet for housing subracks,
and auxiliaries including Power Distribution Panels (PDPs), subracks, and cards.
The following introduces the appearance and equipment layout of the 19-inch
cabinet.
3.2.1.1 Appearance
Version: B 61
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The following introduces the appearance and equipment layout of the 21-inch
cabinet.
62 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.2.1 Appearance
Version: B 63
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The following introduces the appearance and functions of the PDP for the 19-inch
cabinet.
3.2.3.1 Appearance
The PDP is located at the top of the cabinet, and its appearance is shown in
Figure 3-4.
3.2.3.2 Function
The 19-inch cabinet uses the 5-branch PDP, which provides the following functions:
u Inducts two channels of DC -48 V power (active and standby) from the external
(e.g. the power cabinet) and provides five sets of redundant branch power rails
for the equipment.
u Performs the lightning protection function, which can effectively block surge
currents of indirect lightning strike on the power line.
64 Version: B
3 Product Structure
u Receives the alarm information from the subracks, displays the information via
the alarm indicator LEDs on the cabinet top, and reports it to the upper-level
equipment (such as the head of row cabinet or the network management
system).
The following introduces the appearance and functions of the PDP for the 21-inch
cabinet.
3.2.4.1 Appearance
The PDP is located at the top of the cabinet, and its appearance is shown in
Figure 3-5.
3.2.4.2 Function
The 21-inch cabinet uses the 5-branch PDP, which provides the following functions:
Version: B 65
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
u Inducts two channels of DC -48 V power (active and standby) from the external
(e.g. the power cabinet) and provides five sets of redundant branch power rails
for the equipment.
u Receives the alarm information from the subracks, displays the information via
the alarm indicator LEDs on the cabinet top, and reports it to the upper-level
equipment (such as the head of row cabinet or the network management
system).
u Performs the lightning protection function, which can effectively block surge
currents of indirect lightning strike on the power line.
3.2.5 Subrack
The following introduces the function, structure and technical specifications of the
CiTRANS 650 U5 subrack.
3.2.5.1 Function
The subrack is used to hold various types of cards to achieve communication and
data exchange between cards via the subrack backplane.
3.2.5.2 Structure
See Figure 3-6 for the appearance of the CiTRANS 650 U5 subrack.
66 Version: B
3 Product Structure
See Table 3-1 for the structure description of the CiTRANS 650 U5 subrack.
Version: B 67
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The card area of the CiTRANS 650 U5 subrack is divided into the left area and right
area, providing 15 service slots in total. The slot distribution of the AC/DC subrack is
shown below in the two figures respectively.
See Table 3-2 for the corresponding relationship between the slots and cards.
68 Version: B
3 Product Structure
The following introduces the layout of the cards in the CiTRANS 650 U5, as well as
the corresponding relationships between the cards and the slots.
The cards of the CiTRANS 650 U5 can be classified as the tributary/line interface
card, wavelength division multiplexing card, power card, and core switch and cross-
connect card according to functions; see Table 3-3 for the card classification.
Version: B 69
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
1LN2/2LN2/4L-
1/2/4/5-Ports 10G optical transponder card
N2/5LN2
TN3A1 1–port 40G tributary interface card
Add/drop multiplexing
OAD4 4-channel optical add/drop multiplexing card
card
Optical supervisory
OSC Optical supervisory channel card
channel card
Power card PWR Power card
See the figure below for the positioning of cards of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in the
system. See introduction of each card for detailed information.
70 Version: B
3 Product Structure
Card Slot
The following table shows the corresponding relationship between the cards and the
slots on the subrack.
Version: B 71
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
72 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.7.1 Function
Version: B 73
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
74 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.8 EQA1
3.2.8.1 Function
4 Receives the differential clock and frame timing differential clock from the
backplane.
4 Extracts line clocks for the clock module of the SRC5A card.
4 Provides the power voltage monitoring function and reports the power
voltage information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
4 Provides the card current and power detection function and reports the
current and power information to the network management system over
the electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
Version: B 75
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
3.2.9.1 Function
The card provides 10GE line access and service application. Table 3-7 lists its
functions.
The following introduces the functions of the GSV1 / GSV2 / GSV3 / GSV4 card.
3.2.10.1 Function
The GSV1 / GSV2 / GSV3 / GSV4 card provides the line access and service
application of GE. See Table 3-8 for main functions and distinctions.
76 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.11.1 Function
The ESV1 / ESV2 card provides the FE service access. See Table 3-9 for main
functions and differences of the interface cards.
Version: B 77
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
3.2.12.1 Function
The S1V1 and S1V2 cards provide service access of STM-1. See Table 3-10 for its
main functions.
78 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.13.1 Function
The E1V1 / E1V2 card provides E1 service access. See the following table for the
main functions and differences between two cards.
Version: B 79
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
3.2.14.1 Function
The E1 terminal board is needed when the CiTRANS 650 U5 processes E1 service
using the E1V2 card. The E1 terminal board is not needed when other types of E1
interface cards are used because they have E1 interfaces. See Table 3-12 for its
main functions.
80 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.15.1 Function
Below is the working process of the MST2E card: Receives eight optical signals
(STM-1/4/16, OTU1, FC100/200/400, ,CPRI2/3/4/6/7, GE or FE signals) from the
client side. Performs O / E conversion, cross-connect, mapping and encapsulation
in sequence to turn the received signals into one electrical signal. Modulates the
electrical signal into wavelength (G.694.1 compliant) signal via its WDM-side optical
module. Sends the modulated signal to the System for transmission. Performs the
reverse process of the preceding process.
u OTN function:
Version: B 81
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
u Laser shutdown: The laser at the optical interface can be turned on or off
flexibly through the network management system to facilitate testing, operation
and maintenance.
u Loopback: Supports local and remote loopback of signals at the client side and
WDM side interfaces. For a detailed description of loopback, refer to Card
Configuration Parameter Reference.
u Pluggable optical module: The client side optical interfaces use the optical
module and the WDM side optical interfaces use the optical module, which are
small, pluggable, and easy to operate and maintain.
u ESC function: Supports the function and can multiplex the supervisory signals
into the service channels for transmission.
82 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.16.1 Function
4 OTU1
4 STM-1/STM-4/STM-16
4 GE
4 FC100/FC200/FC400
4 Uses the GFP, BMP, AMP and GMP modes to implement mapping and
demapping between client service flow and ODUk (k=flex, 0, 1).
4 Uses the SFP optical module, and the optical interface supports optical
power detection, temperature detection, and laser bias current detection
functions.
Version: B 83
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
4 Works together with the mate service card to process the alarm and APS
bytes of service interface, so as to implement the APS protection function.
4 Supports seamless switchover of the active and standby clock and cross-
connect cards.
4 Provides the power supply voltage monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
4 Provides the card current and power monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
3.2.17.1 Function
84 Version: B
3 Product Structure
4 OTU2/OTU2e
4 STM-64
4 10GE LAN/WAN
4 FC800/FC1200
4 Supports the ESC function and can multiplex the supervisory signals into
the service channels for transmission.
4 Supports processing the OTN overhead, and supports monitoring the OTN
performance and alarm.
4 Uses the SFP+ optical module, and the optical interface supports optical
power detection, temperature detection, and laser bias current detection
functions.
4 Works together with the mate service card to process the alarm and APS
bytes of service interface, so as to implement the APS protection function.
4 Supports seamless switchover of the active and standby clock and cross-
connect cards.
Version: B 85
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
4 Provides the power supply voltage monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
4 Provides the card current and power monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
3.2.18.1 Function
The TN3A1 card receives one optical signal such as STM-256 / OTU3 / OTU3e1
from the client side; after the O / E conversion, maps the signal into electrical signals
using the ITU-T Rec. G.709 standard mapping mode, and finally sends them to the
electrical cross-connect card via the backplane for cross-connect grooming. The
card also fulfills the reverse process.
u Laser shutdown: The laser at the optical interface can be turned on or off
flexibly through the network management system to facilitate testing and
maintenance.
u Loopback: Supports the near end or remote loopback of the optical interface
and the signal on the backplane side. For a detailed description on loopback.
86 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.19.1 Function
4 Performance collection and alarm monitoring: Supports PCS bit error and
packet performance statistics and monitoring for data service.
4 Supports classifying the incoming service flow via the ACL mode, and
supports traffic management based on port, data packet label and other
characteristic information.
4 Supports the ESC function and can multiplex the supervisory signals into
the service channels for transmission.
Version: B 87
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
4 Supports seamless switchover of the active and standby clock and cross-
connect cards.
4 Provides the power supply voltage monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
4 Provides the card current and power monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
3.2.20.1 Function
4 OTU2/OTU2e
4 STM-64
4 10GE LAN/WAN
4 FC800/FC1200
88 Version: B
3 Product Structure
4 Supports the ESC function and can multiplex the supervisory signals into
the service channels for transmission.
4 Supports processing the OTN overhead, and supports monitoring the OTN
performance and alarm.
4 Uses the SFP+ optical module, and the optical interface supports optical
power detection, temperature detection, and laser bias current detection
functions.
4 Works together with the mate service card to process the alarm and APS
bytes of service interface, so as to implement the APS protection function.
4 Supports seamless switchover of the active and standby clock and cross-
connect cards.
4 Provides the power supply voltage monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
4 Provides the card current and power monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
Version: B 89
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
3.2.21.1 Function
4 Wavelength tunability: This function is optional and the optical module with
tunable wavelength can be used upon request.
4 Supports the ESC function and can multiplex the supervisory signals into
the service channels for transmission.
4 Laser shutdown function: The laser at the optical interface can be turned
on or off flexibly through the network management system to facilitate
testing, operation and maintenance
4 Pluggable optical module function: The optical interfaces use the SFP+
optical modules, which are pluggable and easy to operate and maintain.
90 Version: B
3 Product Structure
4 Supports seamless switchover of the active and standby clock and cross-
connect cards.
4 Provides the power supply voltage monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
4 Provides the card current and power monitoring function and reports the
information to the network management system over the
electromechanical management bus and card BMU.
Version: B 91
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
3.2.22.1 Function
The LN3A1 card receives the electrical signals from the cross-connect card,
aggregates the signals, performs the E / O conversion, and outputs one OTU3 /
OTU3e1 signal with DWDM standard compliant wavelength to the optical
multiplexer card or the optical add / drop multiplexer card for WDM. The card also
implements the reverse process.
u OTN functions:
4 Uses ITU-T Rec. G.709 compliant frame format and overhead processing;
provides the standard OTN interface at the wavelength division side, which
also complies with WDM related standards.
4 Users can also implement OTN overhead configuration via the network
management system, which supports the configuration of the PM and
TCMi at the ODU2 / ODTU23 layer and the configuration of the PM, SM
and TCMi at the ODU3 / OTU3 layer.
u ESC function: Supports the ESC function and can multiplex the supervisory
signals into the service channels for transmission.
u Error correction coding: Supports both FEC and super FEC encoding /
decoding schemes.
u Laser shutdown: The laser at the optical interface can be turned on or off
flexibly through the network management system to facilitate testing and
maintenance.
u Loopback: Supports local and remote loopback of signals at the WDM side and
the backplane side. For a detailed description on loopback.
92 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.23.1 Function
Below is the working process of the 2OTU2S card: Receives two optical signals
(OTU2 / 10GE / 10GFC / STM-64) from the client side. Performs O / E conversion,
cross-connect, mapping, encapsulation and convergence of the signal in sequence
to convert the signal into the standard wavelength (G.694.1 compliant) OTU2
electrical signal. Outputs the OTU2 signal to the optical multiplexing and
demultiplexing card / optical add/drop multiplexing card via its WDM-side optical
interface for WDM, i.e. to perform the TXOTU function. Conducts the reverse
process of the preceding process to perform the RXOTU function. Guarantees the
transparent transmission of client signals in the whole process mentioned above.
u OTN function:
u ESC function: Supports the ESC function and can multiplex the supervisory
signals into the service channels for transmission.
Version: B 93
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
u Loopback: Supports local and remote loopback of signals at the client side and
WDM side interfaces.
u Pluggable optical module: The client side and WDM side optical interfaces use
the optical modules, which are small, pluggable, and easy to operate and
maintain.
u Laser shutdown: The laser at the optical interface can be turned on or off
flexibly through the network management system to facilitate testing, operation
and maintenance.
3.2.24.1 Function
The OSCAD card is mainly used to multiplex and demultiplex the main path optical
signal (1550nm) and the optical supervisory channel signal (1510nm). Main
functions of the DCM are as follows:
94 Version: B
3 Product Structure
u Basic function: implement the coupling and splitting of the optical supervisory
signal (1510nm) and the main path optical signal (1550nm). The OSCAD card
multiplexes the 1550nm main path optical signal output from the OA card or the
optical multiplexing and demultiplexing card / optical add/drop multiplexing card
with the 1510nm signal , and sends the multiplexed signal to the optical line.
The card also performs the reverse process.
u Provides interfaces in the east and west: the OSCAD card can be used as a
unidirectional card or a bidirectional card. When the OSCAD card is used as a
unidirectional card in an station, only the east interfaces or the west interfaces
on the card panel are used. When the OSCAD card is used as a bidirectional
card in an or station, both the east and west interfaces on the card panel can
be used.
3.2.25.1 Function
The CiTRANS 650 U5 provides OADM cards for the system, including the OAD4
and MDU8 cards. These cards have basically the same functions and working
principles, different only in the quantity and direction of the add/drop interfaces
provided.
See Table 3-13 for the main functions of the OAD4 card.
Transmis-
sion Card Name Card Code Function
Standard
Supports bidirectional adding and
dropping of four fixed wavelength
DWDM OAD4 WKE2.200.275
signals; monitors the optical power of the
multiplexed signal.
See Table 3-14 for the system wavelengths that can be accessed by the OAD4
cards.
Version: B 95
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Serial Serial
Frequency Wavelength Frequency
Num- Num- Wavelength (nm)
(THz) (nm) (THz)
ber ber
1 196.000 1529.55 21 194.000 1545.32
2 195.900 1530.33 22 193.900 1546.12
3 195.800 1531.12 23 193.800 1546.92
4 195.700 1531.90 24 193.700 1547.72
5 195.600 1532.68 25 193.600 1548.51
6 195.500 1533.47 26 193.500 1549.32
7 195.400 1534.25 27 193.400 1550.12
8 195.300 1535.04 28 193.300 1550.92
9 195.200 1535.82 29 193.200 1551.72
10 195.100 1536.61 30 193.100 1552.52
11 195.000 1537.40 31 193.000 1553.33
12 194.900 1538.19 32 192.900 1554.13
13 194.800 1538.98 33 192.800 1554.94
14 194.700 1539.77 34 192.700 1555.75
15 194.600 1540.56 35 192.600 1556.55
16 194.500 1541.35 36 192.500 1557.36
17 194.400 1542.14 37 192.400 1558.17
18 194.300 1542.94 38 192.300 1558.98
19 194.200 1543.73 39 192.200 1559.79
20 194.100 1544.53 40 192.100 1560.61
Note:
96 Version: B
3 Product Structure
3.2.26.1 Function
The OA card amplifies the line signal’s optical power, so as to compensate the
attenuation caused by devices or the line, prolong the optical signal’s transmission
distance and improve the receiver’s sensitivity.
u Optical amplification function: amplifies the line signal’s optical power. The 16-
channel OA card can amplify 16 optical signals with wavelength ranging from
1545nm to 1560nm within the C band. The 40-channel OA card can amplify 40
optical signals with wavelength ranging from 1530nm to 1562nm within the C
band.
u Eye protection function: the OA card cooperates with the optical supervisory
card to implement this function. When the OA card and the optical supervisory
card at the opposite end detect a LOS alarm, they return an command to the
local end. On receiving the command, the OA card at the local end immediately
activates the eye protection function and reduces the output power to a safe
value so as to avoid hurt to eyes.
u Laser shut-down function: the laser can be shut off by pushing down the CUT
button on the card panel for convenience of daily maintenance.
The OCP card is the optical protection card for the CiTRANS 650 U5. The following
introduces the functions of the OCP card.
Version: B 97
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
3.2.27.1 Function
The OCP card is configured in the CiTRANS 650 U5 to form the Channel 1+1
Protection-client side and network side between stations. The OCP card has the
following functions:
u Conducts 1+1 protection for optical signals; according to its position, the card
can implement path 1+1 protection and line 1+1 protection. The protection
switching time is less than 50ms.
u Users can set protection switching conditions for both protection modes (the
Channel 1+1 Protection-client side and network side) through the network
management system.
3.2.28.1 Function
The OSC card is used to process the optical supervisory channel to extract and
transmit the overhead information in the system. In the Tx direction, the OSC card
multiplexes the information on overhead bytes (such as and ), converts it into the
1510nm optical signal and sends it to the OSCAD card. In the Rx direction, the OSC
card demultiplexes the overhead information received from the opposite end and
sends it to the corresponding cards.
u The OSC card can be configured flexibly through the network management
system as a regenerator, west terminal equipment or east terminal equipment.
98 Version: B
3 Product Structure
4 As a regenerator: in case that the EMU card is not present, the OSC card
allows bidirectional pass-through of supervisory information, so that the
monitoring of other stations will not be affected. The IOSC card as a
regenerator is applied in the stations.
4 As west terminal equipment: in this case, only the W-LINE-IN and W-LINE-
OUT ports on the OSC card panel are valid. The OSC card as west
terminal equipment is applied in the station.
4 As east terminal equipment: in this case, only the E-LINE-IN and E-LINE-
OUT ports on the OSC card panel are valid. The OSC card as west
terminal equipment is applied in the station.
u This card has a sensitivity of -45dBm (the card also supports the optical module
with a sensitivity of -48dBm), and can well meet the requirement for ultra-long
haul transmission. The optical supervisory channel’s performance is not
affected by the line amplifier card failures.
3.2.29 DCM
The DCM (Dispersion Compensation Module) can compensate the optical signal
dispersion accumulated during the transmission process in the fiber and suppress
the pulse duration of the optical signal, so as to resume the optical signal. It is used
together with the optical amplification card to implement the long-haul optical
regeneration transmission.
The DCM is an external unit and is installed in the DCM plug-in frame. Each DCM
frame can house up to two DCMs.
Version: B 99
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The following introduces the code and functions of the PWR card.
3.2.30.1 Function
100 Version: B
4 Introduction of Service Application
The following introduces the types of services provided by the CiTRANS 650 U5
and the network application for each type of service. It covers the following topics:
Ethernet Service
TDM Service
CPRI Service
Version: B 101
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports multiple types of Ethernet services and provides an
impeccable L2VPN solution.
The VPN (Virtual Private Network) refers to the virtual private network provided for
clients via the public network by network operators. Constructing the private network
by utilizing the public network not only enables network operators to provide high-
performance and low-cost carrier-class network for users, but also provides a good
profiting mode for network operators themselves. But the traditional VPN has
obvious shortcomings in the following aspects: VPN expansibility, security,
management and maintenance, QoS and traffic engineering, so it cannot meet the
requirements of clients adequately.
To solve these problems, the L2VPN based on MPLS has emerged as the times
require. The L2VPN not only eliminates the shortcomings of traditional IP network,
frame relay and ATM network, but also has distinguished itself for following aspects:
security, real time, broad band, convenience and low construction cost. Therefore, it
can fully meet the requirements for VPN services of subscribers.
The following introduces the three types of Ethernet services provided by the
CiTRANS 650 U5 respectively via practical examples.
Figure 4-1shows an example of the E-Line service provided by the CiTRANS 650
U5.
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4 Introduction of Service Application
Company X has two branches in cities A and C, company Y has two branches in
cities B and C, and company Z has two branches in cities A and B. The branches of
each of the three companies need to exchange data.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 can provide the private line service for three companies.
Service data of different companies are distinguished using different VPWS tags, so
that the requirements for communication and service data separation can be met at
the same time.
Figure 4-2shows an example of the E-LAN service provided by the CiTRANS 650
U5.
Version: B 103
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 650 U5 is deployed to provide the E-LAN service for company K.
Service data of different branches are labeled with different VPLS tags. In this way,
data can be shared within a branch whereas data of different branches is isolated.
The Internet access data of the headquarters is isolated from the internal service
data through VPLS.
Figure 4-3shows an example of the E-Tree service provided by the CiTRANS 650
U5. The E-Tree service is a type of multipoint-to-point bidirectional convergence
service.
In the example, a 3G network is constructed for a carrier and services of key clients
need to be aggregated and transmitted to the 3G core network. The FE/E1 services
of key clients are accessed on nodes 1, 3, 5, and 9. Multiple services between key
clients and the RNC are aggregated to the 3G core network through the E-Tree
service between the CiTRANS 650 U5 and the CiTRANS 650 U5.
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4 Introduction of Service Application
Version: B 105
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Besides the above application, the CiTRANS 650 U5 also supports the LTE service
known as the next version of the mobile network.
Compared with the existing 2G / 3G networks, the LTE has following advantages:
106 Version: B
4 Introduction of Service Application
u The network structure becomes flat with advantage of high throughput and low
latency.
See Figure 4-5 for the application of the CiTRANS 650 U5 in the LTE service. It still
acts as the trunk convergence node. The eNodeB not only provides the functions of
the original NodeB but also provides the most functions (includes the physical layer,
MAC layer, RRC, scheduling, access control, bearer control, access mobility
management and Inter-cellRRM ) of the original RNC (Radio Network Controller),
and the original backbone networks are merged and simplified into MME and SGW,
so that the structure of the LTE network is optimized and is more reliable.
Version: B 107
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
With the TDM technology, the TDM circuit switched data can be transparently
transmitted in the packet transport network. The CiTRANS 650 U5 supports
emulation transparent transmission of E1 service and STM-1 service.
108 Version: B
4 Introduction of Service Application
u Can identify and process the frame structure and transmit signaling in TDM
frames.
u Can identify frame structure of TDM service. It may not transmit idle timeslot
channels, but only extracts useful timeslots of CE devices from the E1 traffic
stream and then encapsulates them into PW packets for transmission.
u Segments all TDM services as bit streams and encapsulates them for
transmission over a PW tunnel.
u Can transparently transmit TDM traffic data and synchronous timing information.
SAToP completely disregards any structure, and PEs have no need to interpret
the TDM data or to participate in the TDM signaling.
TDM services have high requirements for clock synchronization. The CiTRANS 650
U5 provides multiple TDM service clock synchronization solutions to ensure
transmission of the TDM service clock. Below are multiple clock synchronization
solutions.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
In system clock recovery, the Tx end that generates TDM signals and the Rx end
that extracts TDM signals use the same network reference clock as the
synchronization signal source. Figure 4-6 shows the work principle of system clock
recovery.
In differential clock recovery, the service Rx and Tx ends have the same public
timing reference signal. The Tx end packetizes the synchronization signal on the
service side and transmits the signal to the Rx end over the packet switched
network. The Rx end then recovers the synchronization signal based on the public
timing reference signal available on the Rx end. Figure 4-7 shows the working
principle of differential clock recovery.
110 Version: B
4 Introduction of Service Application
The adaptive clock recovery do not need the common reference clock. The Timing
packet sent from the Tx end contains the coded value of the service clock,
represented by Sequence number or Timestamp. The Rx end then recovers the
clock by using the recovery algorithm based on the sequence number or timestamp.
Figure 4-8 shows the working principle of adaptive clock recovery.
Version: B 111
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The CiTRANS 650 U5 implements TDM services using the PWE3 technology.
TDM services are mainly applied in radio services and enterprise private line
services. The CiTRANS 650 U5 is connected to the 2G / 3G station or enterprise
private line through E1/channelized STM-1 line, and the equipment slices TDM
signals and encapsulates them into the data packet, finally transmits the packet to
the opposite end via the MAN network through PW. See Figure 4-9.
Place the BBUs of distributed base stations (whose baseband and RF are separated)
in a centralized way, and connect BBU and RRU via optical fibers. The interface
standard is CPRI. This application scenario has the following advantages:
u Low cost, easy operation and maintenance: Reduces fiber consumption, saves
cost and facilitates centralized operation and maintenance of BBUs.
u High reliability: Link fault can be avoided through line layer protection.
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4 Introduction of Service Application
See the following figure for the application scenario of CPRI service.
To meet the requirements of uplinking DSLAM directly to WDM, the CiTRANS 650
U5 can be used to implement the following functions:
u Multiple GEs can be multiplexed into one wavelength via OTN, and multiple
wavelengths can be aggregated on one piece of optical fiber via WDM, thus
significantly improving fiber utilization and saving fiber resources.
u Uses the OTN in-band overhead (ESC) so that the network management
information can be transmitted to the OTNM2000 in city center via local network.
In this case, DCN is not required for nodes under county level.
See the following figure for the application scenario of uplinking DSLAM/MSAN via
GE interface in urban area of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Figure 4-11 Application Scenario of Uplinking DSLAM/MSAN via GE Interface in Urban Area
u The large capacity feature of WDM is applicable for broadband service bearing.
114 Version: B
4 Introduction of Service Application
u Supports G.709 GCC management, so that the remote areas can communicate
with central node via ESC channel.
See the following figure for the application scenario of wide broadband coverage in
suburban counties, rural areas and remote areas of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
Figure 4-12 Application Scenario of Wide Broadband Coverage in Suburban Counties, Rural
Areas and Remote Areas
The CiTRANS 650 U5 can guarantee rapid service start-up and provisioning, and
implements the following functions:
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
u Bears various types of coarse-grained private line services including GE, 10GE
LAN, 10GE WAN, STM-16/4/1, FC100/200 / 400/800/1200, λ(wavelength
lease), OTU1 and OTU2.
See the following figure for the application scenario of coarse-grained private line
service of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
As for base stations with FE / GE service, the FE and GE services can be accessed
to the CiTRANS 650 U5 directly.
See the following figure for the scenario of bearing base station GE / FE service
using the CiTRANS 650 U5.
116 Version: B
4 Introduction of Service Application
Version: B 117
5 Protection Implementation
The following introduces the protection mechanisms of the CiTRANS 650 U5 and
includes these contents:
Equipment-Level Protection
Network-level Protection
118 Version: B
5 Protection Implementation
The following introduces the protection implementation of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
Introduction
The core switch and cross-connect card of the CiTRANS 650 U5 is the SRC5A card,
which is used to process and output clock and execute the protection switching.
Function Implementation
When the CiTRANS 650 U5 are installed with two SRC5A cards (one active and
one standby), only the active card operates under normal condition. When the
active card is faulty, the standby card is notified of this event through the monitoring
channel between them. Then the standby card becomes active to ensure normal
operation of the equipment.
After the original active card resumes, it enters the standby state, forming 1+1
protection again.
Protection Parameter
See Table 5-1 for the 1+1 protection parameters of the SRC5A card.
Parameter Description
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Both the subrack and cabinet support active and standby power inputs. The
equipment is supplied with power normally when either power input fails.
Note:
The active and standby power input interfaces of the subrack are
respectively located on the active and standby PWR cards.
The following introduces the network-level protection function of the CiTRANS 650
U5.
Introduction
In the LSP 1:1 protection mode, the protection path is used to protect the services
transferred via the working path. When the working path fails, the services switch to
the protection path. The service protected by the LSP 1:1 protection is single-fed
and single-received.
Function Implementation
In the LSP 1:1 protection mode, the protection path is used to protect the services
transferred via the working path. The services are single-fed and single-received.
Normally the service is transmitted via the working path except when the working
path is faulty. The service will be switched to the protection path, so as to guarantee
the normal service transmission.
The APS protocol for the LSP 1:1 protection transmits the information about
protocol status and switching status through the protection path. The equipment at
both ends performs service switching according to protocol statuses and switching
statuses.
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5 Protection Implementation
The LSP 1:1 protection supports the BFD mode testing and the TP dual stack
testing.
Note:
u When the working path is normal, the protection path can transfer
additional service. When the working path fails and the service on
the working path is switched to the protection path, the additional
service will be interrupted. After the working path resumes to normal
status, the additional service will restore as well.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Protection Parameter
Table 5-2 describes the parameters for the LSP 1:1 protection.
Parameter Description
Introduction
Function Implementation
Normally the service is single-fed and single-received, that is, the source end single-
feeds the service to the working PW, and the sink end single-receives the service
from the working PW. When the working PW is faulty, the remote end will transmit
the service to the protection PW, and the sink end receives service via the
protection PW, so as to implement the service switching from the working PW to the
protection PW.
The PW APS protection uses APS protocol to coordinate the source and sink ends
to implement the protection switching, switching hold-off and WTR functions. The
APS protocol transmits protocol status and switching status via the protection PW.
The equipment at both ends selects service path and performs service switching
according to protocol statuses and switching statuses.
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5 Protection Implementation
The PW APS protection supports the BFD mode testing and the TP dual stack
testing.
Protection Parameter
See Table 5-3 for the protection parameters of the PW APS protection.
Parameter Description
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
5.2.3 MS-PW
u 2) S-PE (Switching Provider Edge) indicates the switching PE node which can
control and forward two PWs. The S-PE node can terminate the PSN Tunnel of
two PWs, thus it is the PW switching node of MS-PW.
Function of MS-PW
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5 Protection Implementation
SS-PW can be used to create emulation service between NodeB and RNC.
However, with the increase of the number of NodeB accessed to each RNC, one
added NodeB shall require two end-to-end Tunnels to be added in the PSN2. In this
case, with the increase of the number of accessed NodeB, the number of Tunnels in
the PSN2 will dramatically increase.
When MS-PW is used, in the PSN2, multiple PWs can share one Tunnel, so as to
reduce the number of Tunnels in the PSN2.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Introduction
SNCP 1+1 protection is used to protect internal subnet connections of the carrier's
network. Two independent subnetwork connections exist in the protected area. One
is the working tunnel for the normal service signals and the other is the protection
one.
Function Implementation
See Figure 5-3 for the SNCP 1+1 protection. The working service is permanently
bridged from the protection domain source end (NodeA) to the working and
protection connections, and the protection switching is performed by the selector of
the protection domain destination end (NodeZ). The network tracing terminal and
the sublayer tracing terminal are used to monitor and confirm the working and
protection connection status.
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5 Protection Implementation
Protection Parameter
Parameter Description
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Parameter Description
Introduction
SNCP 1:1 protection is used to protect internal subnet connections of the carrier's
network. Two independent subnetwork connections exist in the protected area. One
is the working tunnel for the normal service signals and the other is the protection
one.
Function Implementation
See Figure 5-4 for the SNCP 1:1 protection. The working service is bridged to the
working connection from the protection area source end (NodeA). And the
protection connection is used to transmit other sub-network services when the
working service is normal.The APS protocol information (including near end and far
end) is used to inform the link and protection status. The protection switching is
performed together by the protection area selector bridge and the destination end
(NodeZ) selector. The network tracing terminal and the sublayer tracing terminal are
used to monitor and confirm the working and protection connection status.
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Protection Parameter
Parameter Description
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Parameter Description
Introduction
The Wrapping protection is based on the RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) protocol. The
RPR protocol is a new MAC layer protocol. The RPR protocol is brought up for
optimizing the transmission of data packets. The RPR not only has advantages of
cost-effectiveness of Ethernet, strict guarantee on delay and jitter of SDH, reliable
clock, 50ms ring protection and restoration, but also features the spatial reuse,
bandwidth dynamic allocation and support for service levels. As an advanced
technology for transferring data packets on current optical network, the RPR
protocol has become the first choice in the establishment of the new generation
MAN.
Function Implementation
The Wrapping protection is based on the adjacent nodes of the fault. When a fault is
detected, the adjacent nodes of the fault will switch the services to the protection
direction and the ring is terminated to use, so as to guarantee the continuity in
operation of the network.
The Wrapping protection mechanism ensures the connectivity of data flow when it
goes through a long path before arriving at the destination node. If the equipment is
faulty, the services on the failed node will switch to the ring that transfers service in
the opposite direction.
Based on shared ring, the Wrapping protection performs switching only between
two adjacent nodes where the fault occurs. The advantages of the Wrapping
protection are listed below:
u The switching time is easily guaranteed and the packet loss is relatively small.
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5 Protection Implementation
The Wrapping protection is shown in Figure 5-5 and figure a) is the normal operation
status. The service path from Node A to Node D is A→B→C→D. Figure b) shows
the status when faulty. The optical path wrapping will occur on two nodes at both
ends of the failed link, and the service path is also looped back at the two nodes.
The service path from Node A to Node D is A→B→A→F→E→D→C→D in general.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Note:
Protection Parameter
Parameter Description
The Channel 1+1 Protection-client side and Channel 1+1 Protection-network side
are both implemented by the OCP card via its dual-feeding and selective-receiving
function. In these two protection modes, the OCP card is located in different
positions.
u In the channel 1+1 Protection-client side, the OCP card is located between the
client-side equipment and the OTU card.
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5 Protection Implementation
u In the Protection-network side, the OCP card is located between the OTU card
and the optical multiplexing/demultiplexing card or the optical add/drop
multiplexing card. See Channel 1+1 Protection-network side.
Note:
Introduction
Each OCP card can implement two optical channel 1+1 wavelength protection
groups, and the implementation principles and measures of the two groups are the
same. In this section, we only take one protection group as an example to discuss
the optical channel 1+1 wavelength protection.
The OTU cards that can be used in the Protection-client side include the 2OTU2S,
MST2E cards.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Protection Parameters
Parameter Description
Function Implementation
Note:
Two optical channels can use the same wavelength and reach the
opposite end via different routes, or use different wavelengths and reach
the opposite end via the same route.
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5 Protection Implementation
Note:
The OAD card in the figure can be replaced by the MDU8 as needed.
u In the Tx direction:
The OCP card dual feeds client services to different OTU cards for processing.
The two channels of the processed signals are then transmitted to the local
OAD cards of the working and protection channels respectively. After the add/
drop multiplexing, the signals are transmitted over different optical lines to the
opposite end.
u In the Rx direction
The OCP card supervises the quality of the working and protection channel
signals based on the supervision modes and the alarm thresholds preset in the
OTNM2000, and decides whether the switching should take place.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
4 Under normal circumstances, the OCP card transmits the service signals
received by the active OTU card to the client side equipment.
4 When the OCP card detects any faults in the working channel and the
protection channel works normally, the OCP card transmits the service
signals output by the standby OTU card to the client-side equipment.
Note:
If the active OTU card (with multiple Client ports) carries multiple
channels of client services and only one channel of them is detected
faulty, switching is takes place only to this signal (that is, this specific
service signal received by the standby OTU card is transmitted to the
client). Other normal client signals are still transmitted via the active OTU
card.
The trigger conditions for the two protection modes of the channel 1+1 protection
are described as follows:
u The combined supervisory mode: channel fault alarms or the LOS alarm of the
OCP card.
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5 Protection Implementation
The LOS alarm threshold can be set via the OTNM2000. In the actual
applications, users can set the LOS alarm threshold to the normal Rx optical
power of the OLP card - 5 dBm.
The channel fault alarms include the SF (Signal Fail) alarms and SD (Signal
Degrade) alarms:
4 The SF alarms include the OTUk layer alarms and the ODUk layer alarms,
such as OTN_LOF, ODUk_AIS, ODUk_OCI, ODUk_LCK, PM_AIS, and
TCMi_AIS.
4 The SD alarms include the alarms obtained by supervising the OTUk layer
and ODUk layer errors, such as PM_BIP8_SD, TCMi_BIP8_SD, and
FEC_D_SD.
u Power monitoring mode: the ILS (loss of inputing optical signal) alarm of the
OCP card.
The ILS alarm threshold can be set via the OTNM2000. In practical applications,
users can set the ILS alarm threshold to the normal Rx optical power of the
OCP card - 5 dBm.
The automatic optical line protection and inverse automatic optical line
protection function (automatic shutdown of the protection/inverse laser at the
client side) of the OTU card is generally used in the power motioning mode.
4 If the automatic optical line protection of the OTU card is activated, and the
optical interface on the OTU card at the wavelength division side detects
the channel fault alarms, such as SF and SD, the laser of the optical
interface on the OTU card at the client side will be automatically shut down,
so as to trigger the OCP card protection switching (unidirectional
protection).
4 When the automatic optical line protection and inverse automatic optical
line protection of the OTU card are activated, and the optical interface on
the OTU card at the wavelength division side detects the channel fault
alarms, such as SF and SD, the laser of the optical interface on the OTU
card at the local end station and the opposite end station will be
automatically shut down, so as to trigger the OCP card protection
switching (bidirectional protection) at the local/opposite ends.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Note:
Overview
Each OCP card can implement two Channel 1+1 protection groups, and the
implementation principles and methods of the two protection groups are the same.
The following takes only one protection group as an example to discuss the
Channel 1+1 protection.
The OTU cards that can be used in the protection include the 2OTU2S,MST2E,
1LN2 , 2LN2 ,4LN2,5LN2 and LN3A1 cards.
Protection Parameters
Parameter Description
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Function Implementation
The diagram of Channel 1+1 Protection-network side is shown in the figure below.
Note:
The OAD card in the figure can be replaced by the MDU8 as needed.
u In the Tx direction:
After being processed by the OTU card, service signals are dual fed to the OAD
cards of the working and protection channels via the OCP card. After the add/
drop multiplexing, the signals are transmitted over different optical lines to the
opposite end.
u In the Rx direction:
The OCP card supervises the quality of the working and protection channel
signals based on the supervision modes and the alarm thresholds preset in the
OTNM2000, and decides whether the switching should take place.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
4 Under normal circumstances, the OCP card transmits the received service
signals to the OTU card.
4 When the OCP card detects any faults in the working line and the
protection line works normally, the service signals received by the
protection line are transmitted to the OTU card.
The switching trigger conditions for the two protection modes of network side are
described as follows:
u The combined monitoring mode: channel fault alarms and the ILS alarm of the
OCP card.
The ILS alarm threshold can be set via the OTNM2000. In practical applications,
users can set the ILS alarm threshold to the normal Rx optical power of the
OCP card - 5 dBm.
The channel fault alarms include the SF (Signal Fail) alarms and SD (Signal
Degrade) alarms:
4 The SF alarms include the OTUk layer alarms and the ODUk layer alarms,
such as OTN_LOF, ODUk_AIS, ODUk_OCI, ODUk_LCK, PM_AIS, and
TCMi_AIS.
4 The SD alarms include the alarms obtained by supervising the OTUk layer
and ODUk layer errors, such as PM_BIP8_SD, TCMi_BIP8_SD, and
FEC_D_SD.
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u Power monitoring mode: the ILS (loss of inputing optical signal) alarm of the
OCP card.
The ILS alarm threshold can be set via the OTNM2000. In practical applications,
users can set the ILS alarm threshold to the normal Rx optical power of the
OCP card - 5 dBm.
The following introduces the network-level access link protection of the CiTRANS
650 U5.
Introduction
Link Aggregation (LAG) refers to the kind of protection mode that binds a group of
physical Ethernet interfaces with the same rate together, so as to form a logical
interface to enhance bandwidth and provide link protection. The CiTRANS 650 U5
supports LAG protection of the Ethernet interface on the UNI side.
u Enhances the link availability: In the LAG, the members provide dynamic
backup for each other. When any of the ports fails, the other ports will take over
its work immediately. The process that a LAG starts the backup occurs only
inside the LAG, irrelevant with the ports outside the group.
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Protection Principle
The Ethernet LAG protection allows the share of load among the ports; the ports of
a LAG are not divided into active and standby ports. The CiTRANS 650 U5 enables
cross-card LAG protection and intra-card LAG protection. When any of the ports
fails, the service message will be delivered to other ports for transmission.
See Figure 5-8 for the Ethernet LAG protection supported by the CiTRANS 650 U5.
Protection Parameter
Parameter Description
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Introduction
The MSP 1+1 protection is used to protect multiplex section signals. As for the
CiTRANS 650 U5, the multiplex section signals are the STM-N signals. The STM-N
signal is permanently bridged to the working section and protection section. Two
STM-N signals can be received at the Rx end. The system evaluates the status via
monitoring the STM-N signal to decide whether to select the Rx signal in the
working section or the protection section.
Function Implementation
Protection Parameter
See Table 5-10 for the protection parameters of the MSP 1+1 protection.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Parameter Description
Introduction
The MSP 1:1 protection is used to protect multiplex section signals. As for the
CiTRANS 650 U5, the multiplex section signals are the STM-N signals. Under the
normal condition, the STM-N signal is bridged to the working section and the
protection section is used to transport additional services. When the working section
is faulty, equipment at two ends mutually transfers protocol status and switching
status according to the APS protocol and performs service switching according to
the protocol status and switching status.
Function Implementation
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Protection Parameter
See Table 5-11 for the protection parameters of the MSP 1:1 protection.
Parameter Description
On a ring network, when a transmission segment such as the optical fiber fails,
network management information is automatically transmitted over the supervisory
channel in the other direction. This does not affect network management.
Figure 5-11 shows the automatic backup of network management information
channels in a ring network.
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CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
If both ends of a site on an optical fiber segment fail, or an optical fiber segment in a
point-to-point network or chain network fails, the supervisory channels for network
management information also fail. The network administrator cannot obtain
information about failed sites or operate these sites. To avoid such problems, a
protection channel must be deployed for network management information.
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Function Implementation
The CiTRANS 650 U5 can provide a protection channel for network management
information through the data communication network. Between two NEs to be
protected, a packet switched equipment is configured and connected to the data
communication network to establish a protection channel. When the network runs
properly, network management information is transmitted over the main channel.
See Figure 5-12.
When the main channel becomes faulty, the NE automatically switches over the
network management information to the protection channel. This ensures that the
network management system monitors the entire network. The switchover process
is completed automatically without manual intervention. Figure 5-13 shows backup
of network management channels.
Version: B 147
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Figure 5-13 Backing up Network Management Information Channel (Active Channel Fails)
Note:
148 Version: B
6 Security Management
Access Control
Data Security
Log Management
Version: B 149
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Access control involves user registration and login management, management area
division, access time restriction, and remote access management. Access control
aims to prevent unauthorized users from accessing network resources, including
the OTNM2000.
u To log in to the OTNM2000, an operator must enter the user name and
password. After the system confirms the user name and password, the
operator can finally log in to the system. The purpose is to check whether the
operator is a legal user and has corresponding authority, so as to guarantee
that only the authorized operators can access the management system.
u The managed devices are distributed in different areas, and operators are
granted permission based on management area and management function.
Only the authorized operators can access the specified area and can play the
management role only in the authorized area. Areas can be added and
modified as required.
u The access time of users can be set as required. For example, operators are
allowed to log in to the OTNM2000 at specified time periods.
150 Version: B
6 Security Management
Advanced User
The system administrator is an advanced user and has permission to configure and
modify network resources. The system administrator manages the OTNM2000, and
can perform security management operations including controlling the network,
setting passwords for users, adding, modifying or deleting users, and performing log
management.
u Add, modify (user name and password), and delete lower-level users, and save
project configuration data.
Intermediate User
Intermediate users are system maintenance users responsible for system routine
maintenance. They can add or delete users of a lower level and can access and
back up data in the management information library. Intermediate users are entitled
to access the cross-connection screen.
u Access and back up data in the database, including alarms, performance data,
log reports, and documents of lower-level users.
Operational User
Operational user is system operation user. They can only monitor the alarm status
of the system, observe and view performance monitoring results. Operational user
can monitor various detection results, including viewing card configuration data and
active configuration data.
Version: B 151
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Limited User
Limited user can monitor the alarm status of the system, observe and browse
performance monitoring results, and view reports. Limited user can only read data
and cannot access sensitive configuration data.
u Monitor alarms, performance, and status of the system, observe and browse
performance results. Handle alarms, such as alarm confirmation.
u Read and browse data rather than perform any operations on the OTNM2000.
The security mechanism enables the OTNM2000 to ensure the data security, data
integrity and confidentiality and implement database security management.
u Data confidentiality: Data is protected and unauthorized users can not obtain
the data.
Logs are operation records. After a security event occurs, logs can be used to trace
and inspect the event to find out the cause of the system security breach.
Logs automatically record login activities and key operations of users. Log
management supports the following functions:
u Records operator identities, login time, login location, operation type and
operation result.
152 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
The following introduces various technical specifications of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
Card Specification
Error Performance
Safety Standards
Environmental Requirement
Version: B 153
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
See the following table for the system performance specifications of the CiTRANS
650 U5.
Item Specification
Dimension 221.5mm(H)X480mm(W)X225mm(D)
Number of service
20
card-slot
Switching card 2 (1+1 protection)
Slot distribution Service slots 15
Power card 2 (1+1 protection)
PKT:800G
Switching capacity ODUK:640G
VC:300G HO,5G LO
OTN Client/network 1+1
PKT MPLS-TP Tunnel APS, MPLS-TP PW APS,
1 1471.00 5 1551.00
2 1491.00 6 1571.00
3 1511.00 7 1591.00
4 1531.00 8 1611.00
154 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
DWDM System
Version: B 155
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
See Figure 7-1 for the definitions of the reference points corresponding to the main
path specifications in the CWDM system.
u Reference point R S-M is the input point from the system single-channel to the
main path.
u Reference point S M-S is the output point from the system main path to the
single-channel.
See Table 7-4 for the main path specifications of the CWDM system.
156 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Table 7-4 The Main Path Specifications of the CWDM System (Continued)
Maximum central
nm ±7 ±7
wavelength deviation
Interface
specification at
Maximum reflection dB -27 -27
reference point
RS-M.
Maximum attenuation dB 10 19
Maximum discrete
reflection coefficient
dB -27 -27
between MPI-SM and MPI-
Optical channel
RM
specification
MPI-SM minimum return
(MPI-SM-MPI- dB 24 24
loss
RM)
MPI-SM maximum mean
dBm 13 13
total output optical power
Version: B 157
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Table 7-4 The Main Path Specifications of the CWDM System (Continued)
Maximum reflection
dB -27 -27
coefficient
SM-S–RS
Minimum return loss dB 24 24
specification
See Figure 7-2 for the definitions of reference points corresponding to the main path
specifications in the DWDM system.
See Table 7-5 for the main path specifications of the DWDM system.
158 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Item Specification
Version: B 159
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Item Specification
Item Specification
Item Specification
Central wavelength (nm) 770 to 860 1270 to 1355 1275 to 1350 1500 to 1580
160 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Item Specification
Receiving sensitivity
-17 -20 -23 -23
(dBm)
Item Parameter
Optical interface type 100BASE-FX 100BASE-FX 100BASE-FX
Target transmission distance
15 40 80
(km)
Version: B 161
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Table 7-10 Optical Interface Specifications of the S1V1 / S1V2 Card (Continued)
Item Specification
Code HDB3
All marks of a valid signal must conform with the
Pulse shape (nominal rectangle)
mask in ITU-T Rec. G.703 irrespective of the sign.
162 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Item Specification
Minimum
dB 8.2 8.2 8.2
extinction ratio
Transmit signal
– Compliant with the G.957 template
eye pattern
Version: B 163
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
10 Gbit/s (multiple
Optical module type –
rates)
Target distance km 10
Operating wavelength range nm 1290 to 1330
Maximum -20dB width nm 1.0
164 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Version: B 165
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Item Specification
Central wavelength (nm) 770 to 860 1270 to 1355 1275 to 1350 1500 to 1580
Overload optical power
0 -3 -3 -3
(dBm)
Receiving sensitivity
-17 -20 -23 -23
(dBm)
10 Gbit/s
Optical module type –
(multiple rates)
Target distance km 10
Operating wavelength range nm 1290 to 1330
Maximum -20dB width nm 1.0
Minimum side mode suppression
dB 30
ratio
Transmitter at Maximum mean launched power dBm -1
reference point S Minimum mean launched power dBm -6
Minimum extinction ratio dB 6.5
Compliant with
Transmit signal eye pattern – the ITU-T G.691
template
Receiver at
Receiver type – PIN
reference point R
166 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Version: B 167
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
The built-in OPA module on the wavelength division side in the receiving direction of
the LN3A1 card is a single-wavelength optical amplification module applicable to the
40G optical transport network. Using the pump laser with TEC (Thermo Electric
Cooling), the module can adjust its output power in the range of 0 to 10 dBm.
168 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Table 7-19 Specifications of the Built-in PA Module in the LN3A1 Card (Continued)
Card Specification
Table 7-21 Client Side Optical Interface Specifications of the MST2E Card (the STM-16 /
OTU1 Service)
Version: B 169
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Table 7-21 Client Side Optical Interface Specifications of the MST2E Card (the STM-16 /
OTU1 Service) (Continued)
Table 7-22 WDM Side Optical Interface Specifications of the MST2E Card
10G 10G
Optical module type - 10G DWDM1
DWDM2 DWDM3
Dispersion tolerance ps/nm 800 1300 1600
Optical line code - NRZ NRZ NRZ
Maximum central frequency
GHz ±10 ±10 ±10
deviation
Maximum -20dB width nm 0.3 0.3 0.3
Minimum side mode suppression
Transmitter at dB 30 30 30
ratio
reference point S
Maximum mean launched power dBm 2 2 7
Minimum mean launched power dBm -3 -3 -3
Minimum extinction ratio dB 10 10 10
Transmit signal eye pattern - ITU-T Rec. G.691 mask compliant
-12
Minimum sensitivity (BER≤10 ) dBm -17 -17 -17
Receiver at reference Minimum overload (BER≤10-12) dBm 0 0 0
point R Maximum reflectance of receiver
dB -27 -27 -27
measured at reference point R
170 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Card Specification
Table 7-23 Client Side Optical Interface Specifications of the 2OTU2S Card (the STM-64 /
OTU2 Service)
Table 7-24 WDM Side Optical Interface Specifications of the 2OTU2S Card
10G 10G
Optical module type - 10G DWDM1
DWDM2 DWDM3
Dispersion tolerance ps/nm 800 1300 1600
Optical line code - NRZ NRZ NRZ
Maximum central frequency
GHz ±10 ±10 ±10
deviation
Maximum -20dB width nm 0.3 0.3 0.3
Version: B 171
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Table 7-24 WDM Side Optical Interface Specifications of the 2OTU2S Card (Continued)
Card Specification
172 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Card Specification
Version: B 173
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Target gain dB 18 -
≤1.5 (normal
temperature)
Gain flatness dB ≤2 (full -
temperature
range)
174 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Card Specification
Card Specification
Version: B 175
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Module Specifications
The optical line with a rate of 10 Gbit/s or above is sensitive to dispersion, thus
dispersion compensation should be performed for lines whose length exceeds a
certain value. Choose compensation schemes according to Table 7-30 and
Table 7-31 (Supposing the chromatic dispersion of the G.652 fiber is 20 ps/nm•km).
Typical
Dispersion
Dispersion Polariza- Polariza- Maximum
Mod- Maximum Slope Operating
Compen- tion Mode tion Input Power
ule Insertion Compen- Wavelength
sation Dispersion Dependent Allowed
Type Loss (dB) sation Range (nm)
Distance (ps) Loss (dB) (dBm)
Rate
(km)
Typical
Dispersion Dispersion Polariza- Polariza- Maximum
Mod- Maximum Operating
Compen- Slope tion Mode tion Input Power
ule Insertion Wavelength
sation Compen- Dispersion Dependent Allowed
Type Loss (dB) Range (nm)
Distance sation Rate (ps) Loss (dB) (dBm)
(km)
1 40 5 0.5 0.3 24
90% to
2 80 8 0.7 0.3 24 1528 to 1568
110%
3 120 9.8 0.9 0.3 24
176 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
The error performance meets the requirements of the ITU-T G.8201 standard. If
error monitoring is performed for at least (3 to 5)×10x bits and the error rate is 0, the
rate that the BER is smaller than or equal to 1×10-x may be higher than 95% to 99%,
where x is greater than or equal to 12.
The CiTRANS 650 U5 complies with the safety standards as shown in Table 7-32.
Number Title
Safety of laser products-Part 1: Equipment classification and
EN 60825-1
requirements
The CiTRANS 650 U5 complies with the EMC standards listed in Table 7-33.
Number Title
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ETSI EN 300 386 Telecommunication network equipment; Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) requirements
Version: B 177
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
Number Title
Information technology equipment - Immunity characteristics - Limits and
EN55024
methods of measurement
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4 - 2: Electrostatic discharge
EN 61000-4-2
immunity test
See Table 7-34 for the power supply and power consumption specifications of the
CiTRANS 650 U5 subrack.
Item Specification
DC power consumption (W) 1400 (the maximum power consumption of the equipment)
178 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Item Specification
AC power consumption (W) 1400 (the maximum power consumption of the equipment)
See Table 7-35 for the power consumption of the cards of the CiTRANS 650 U5.
PWR 20
SRC5A 200
EQA1 40
XSV1 16
XSV2 16
GSV1 25
GSV2 25
GSV3 29
GSV4 25
ESV1 36
ESV2 36
S1V1 29
S1V2 29
E1V1 10
E1V2 10
IEV1 2
IEV1 2
MST2E 29
8TN1 61
4TN2 60
8TP1 39
4TP2 36
1LN2 25
2LN2 35
4LN2 72
5LN2 80
TN3A1 40
LN3A1 85
2OTU2S 45
Version: B 179
CiTRANS 650 U5 Compact POTN Platform Product Description
OAD4 3
MDU8 3
OSCAD 0
OSC 10.14
OA 12
Operating Environment
180 Version: B
7 Technical Specifications
Transport Environment
u The equipment set is covered with a plastic film, and its top, middle and bottom
parts are wrapped with shock proof packing foam. A wooden case is used for
outside package.
Version: B 181
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