ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “FACTORS AFFECTING PHONOLOGICAL

IMPEDIMENTS AMONG STUDENTS AT UM TAGUM COLLEGE” prepared
by EMMANUEL B. BOJA, ROSE BELINDA V. INOCILLAS, and MA.
MARGARITA G. PILEGRO in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree, Bachelor of Arts major in English has been examined and is hereby
endorsed.

ROSA MARIA T. PINEDA, Ed. D

Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Thesis Committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of ________.

CAREN C. CARCUEVA, MAEd

Chairman

NOEL T. CASOCOT, Ed. D LUCENA O ASIDOY, Ed. D

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the degree, Bachelor of Arts major in English.

NOEL T. CASOCOT, Ed. D

Department Chair ─ Arts and Sciences

GINA FE G. ISRAEL, Ed. D

Dean of College
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt thanks, deep

appreciation and sincerest gratitude to the following people whose unrelenting

support, assistance and inspiration helped a lot in the realization of this

endeavor:

Dr. Lucena O. Asidoy, their subject teacher, for her guidance in the

development of this study; Dr. Rosa Maria T. Pineda, their adviser, for the

supervision and encouragement. Their time, knowledge and expertise made

this research possible;

The panel of examiners: Dr. Noel T. Casocot and Prof. Caren C.

Carcueva, for their opinions, corrections, valuable suggestions and for

selflessly giving their support with Godly encouragement for the completion of

the study;

Prof. Rex Sarvida, their statistician, for his tolerance and eagerness in

preparing the statistical aspects of the study;

Above all, the Almighty God, who gives His knowledge, fortitude,

courage, wisdom, good health, and whose unfailing love and goodness made

this work a reality. The researchers give Him all the glory and honor.

Emmanuel P. Boja

Rose Belinda V. Inocillas

Ma. Margarita G. Pilegro

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DEDICATION

The journey under trials and hardships has now come to an end as we

proudly present the fruit of our labors through this research study, and we can

never come this far without the presence of the very important figures that are

as follows:

Almighty God, who has been the primary source of our good health,

perseverance and wisdom;

Parents, brothers and sisters, whose unrelenting support and

inspirations encouraged us to pursue and go on, especially when things went

rough.

We lovingly dedicate this work to our beloved parents and to our

guardians, friends, relatives, and classmates and family for their good

company, support and understanding;

Teachers and love ones who consistently provided moral support,

prayers and inspirations.

Without your immeasurable help, this study would not be a success.

From the bottom of our heart, a million thanks to all of you.

“Emman”

“Rose”

“Maria”
 v

THESIS ABSTRACT

Title : FACTORS AFFECTING PHONOLOGICAL

IMPEDIMENTS AMONG STUDENT AT UM TAGUM
COLLEGE

Researchers : EMMANUEL P. BOJA

ROSE BELINDA V. INOCILLAS
MA. MARGARITA G. PILEGRO
Publication

Date : September 2017

Place : Tagum City

Region : XI

Institution

Name : UM Tagum College

Type : Private

Description:

Degree Conferred : Bachelor of Arts major in English

Specific Location Where Copies Can Be Found

Library Locality

UM Tagum College Tagum City

Statement of the Problem

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the extent of factors

affecting phonological impediments and the level of phonological impediments

among students at UM Tagum College.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the extent of factors affecting phonological impediments in

terms of:

1.1 High Motivation;

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1.2 Self-confidence; and

1.3 Instruction

2. What is the level of phonological impediments among students in

terms of:

2.1 Interpersonal Mode;

2.2 Interpretive Mode; and

2.3 Presentational Mode?

3. Is there a significant difference on the level of phonological

impediments in Language learning of the students when grouped according

to:

3.1 Major Field?

Hypothesis

The following null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance:

1. There is no significant difference on the level of phonological

impediments when grouped according to major field. 2.

2. There is a significant relationship between factors affecting

phonological impediments and the level of phonological

impediments in language learning of Students at UM Tagum

College.

Procedure and Research Design

Method of Research : Descriptive-Correlation Method

Respondents : 193 3rd year students in UM
Tagum College
Instruments : Researchers-made questionnaire

Statistical Treatment
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Mean

f – value

Pearson r Product Moment Correlation

Summary

The main concern of this study was to determine the extent of factors

affecting phonological impediments and the level of phonological impediments

in language learning among students at UM Tagum College. The respondents

were the one hundred ninety-three students at UM Tagum College for the

School Year 2017-2018. A set of researchers-made questionnaire was used

as a data-gathering tool. Probability sampling was employed in getting the

respondents.

The findings of this study were summed-up in this section as follows:

1. The overall mean for the extent of factors affecting phonological

impediments was 3.31 with a descriptive equivalent of moderately extensive.

This meant that the extent of factors was moderate. High Motivation got the

highest mean of 3.45. This was followed by Instruction with a mean of 3.31;

next was Self-Confidence with a mean of 3.16. All these items were described

as moderate.

2. In terms of the level of phonological impediments in language

learning, the overall mean was 3.33 with a corresponding description of fairly

high. This meant that the level of language learning was moderate.

Interpretive Mode got the highest mean of 3.38. This was followed by

Interpersonal Mode with a mean of 3.35; and the last was Presentational

Mode with a mean of 3.25 as well. All these items were described as

moderate.
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3. When analyzed by major field, the result revealed that there was

significant difference on the level of phonological impediments in language

learning among students at UM Tagum College. Using the t-test computed at

a 0.05 level of significance, the data showed a computed F-value of 2.795 and

the p-value of 0.028. Accordingly the null hypothesis was rejected because

the p-value was greater than the significance level of 0.05. Thus, there was a

significant difference in the language learning executed by all major fields.

4. Using the Pearson r in computing the significant relationship

between variables, it showed that there was a significant relationship between

factors affecting phonological impediments and the level of phonological

impediments in language learning among students at UM Tagum College,

since the computed p-value of 0.000 was lesser than the level of significance

which was 0.05. Thus, the null hypothesis was accepted.

Conclusions

In the light of the aforementioned findings of the study, the following

conclusions are drawn:

1. The extent of factors affecting phonological impediments among

students at UM Tagum College is moderate.

2. The level of phonological impediments in language learning among

students at UM Tagum College in terms of interpersonal mode, interpretive

mode, and presentational mode is moderate.

3. There is a significant difference in the language learning among

students at UM Tagum College when grouped according to major field.

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4. There is a significant relationship between factors affecting

phonological impediments and the level of language learning among students

at UM Tagum College.

Recommendations

After a careful review of the findings and conclusions of the study, the

following recommendations are given:

1. The extent of factors affecting phonological impediments among

students may be raised into high since the result is only moderate. This could

be done by effective educational strategy for educators; such as extensive

implementation of phonological learning, and to facilitate differentiated

learning to promote academic gains as well as social enhancement.

2. The language learning of students may be raised into high since the

result is only moderate. This can be done by encouraging the students to

develop good language skills as a good asset to attain excellent academic

and language performance.

3. A similar research on phonological impediments commends to have

a course open that would focus alone in developing the phonetic and

phonemic knowledge among students, which the researchers of this study

significantly recommend as well for the students at UM Tagum College.

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Submitted by:

EMMANUEL P. BOJA

ROSE BELINDA V. INOCILLAS

MA. MARGARITA G. PILEGRO

Researchers

Noted by:

ROSA MARIA T. PINEDA, Ed. D

Adviser

CAREN C. CARCUEVA, MAEd

Chairman, Thesis Committee

GINA FE G. ISRAEL, Ed. D

Dean of College
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii

DEDICATION iv

THESIS ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS xi

LIST OF TABLES xiii

LIST OF FIGURE xiv

Chapters

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING 1

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Hypothesis 3

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 4

Significance of the Study 7

Definition of Terms 8

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

3 METHOD 28

Research Design 28

Research Subject 28

Research Instrument 31
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Data Gathering Procedure 32

Statistical Treatment of Data 32

4 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 34

Extent of factors Affecting Phonological Impediments 34

Level of Language Learning 36

Significant Difference on the Level of Language 38

Learning when Grouped by Major Field

Significant Relationship between the Factors Affecting

Phonological Impediments and the Level of Language
Learning among Students at UM
Tagum College 40

5 SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 42

Summary 42

Conclusion 43

Recommendation 44

REFERENCES 45
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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Distribution of Respondents 30

2 Extent of factors Affecting Phonological Impediments 35

3 Level of Language Learning 37

4 Significant Difference on the Level of Language

Learning among Students when Grouped
by Major Field 39

5 Significant Relationship of factors Affecting Phonological

Impediments and the Language Learning among
Students at UM Tagum College 41
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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Page

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 6