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DDP-
(i) FA13- Awais Khan Awi.khan02@gmail.com 0320-4824946
2.23
BCS-022
Name & Signature of Batch Advisor Mrs. Sana Rizwan
(If students are eligible for FYP)
HoD: _____________________
Signature: _____________________
Abstract
Now a days, a lot of people like to travel to different places for recreation. They often plan
a trip and visit beautiful places. It provides them peace of mind and they get a break from
their hectic routines.
Tourism in Pakistan is not in trend in spite of the fact that there are a lot of beautiful places
in Pakistan. Terrorism, security concerns and other financial situation are some of the main
reasons for this. Keeping in view the poor situation of tourism in Pakistan, aim of this
website is to fulfill all the requirements of people who want to plan a tour. This website
can play an essential role in portraying a better image of the culture in Pakistan a well, by
attracting foreigners from all over the world.
This website assists people in their tour planning as they will be able to plan a tour
according to their interests. Option to plan a customized tour will be provided if they don’t
like the existing plans. Tourists will be able to get booking information about the
guestrooms available and they can also give reviews about the places visited. Multiple
packages with different pricing plans will be offered as well.
Contents
Roshan Safar A website for tourism planning 1
Final Year Project– Final Report 1
Session 2013-2019 1
Plagiarism Free Certificate 2
Abstract 3
Figure List 6
Table List 7
1 Chapter 1: Introduction 8
Brief Introduction 8
Problem Statement 8
Constraints and Assumptions 9
Constraints 9
Assumptions 9
Objectives 9
To provide a website that allows user to: 9
And to enable an agent to: 10
Some other objectives 10
Motivation and Scope: 10
Methodology: 11
Related Subjects: 11
Tools/IDE 11
2 Chapter 2: Requirement Analysis 13
Literature Review: 13
Tripadvisor.com 13
Kayak.com 13
Skyscanner.net 13
Makemytrip.com 13
Aroundpakistan.com 14
Tourplanner.pk 14
Travelo.pk 15
FindMyAdventure 15
Stakeholders List: 16
Admin: 16
Agent: 16
User: 16
Functional requirements 16
Admin 16
User: 17
Agent 19
Non-Functional Requirements 20
3 Chapter3: Design & Architecture 21
Use Cases: 21
User 21
Use case: Agent 22
Use Case: Admin 23
Use Case Description: 24
Sign Up: 24
Login 25
Website Surfing 26
View of City 27
View of Hotel 28
Calculation of Budget 29
Social Media Sharing 30
Maps Exploration 31
Route Selection 32
Administrator Login 33
User Management 34
Modify Cities 35
Modify Popular Places 36
Modify Images 37
Agent Login 38
Add Images 39
Add Popular Places 40
Modify Hotels 41
Add Hotels 42
Test Cases: 43
Registration: 43
Login 44
Book a tour 45
Profile Update 46
Image Uploading 47
Add Transport 48
Add Hotel 49
Add Package 50
Content Modification 51
Logout 52
4 Chapter 4: Diagrams 53
Sequence Diagrams 53
Sign up 53
Login 54
Location Search 55
Hotels 56
Add City 57
Famous Sites 58
Activity Diagram: 59
Signup 59
Login 60
Track Location: 61
Add an image 62
Add Transport 63
Add Package: 64
Collaboration Diagram 65
View/Book a package: 65
Add Package: 65
Add an Image: 66
Add Transport: 66
Add Hotel: 67
Update Hotel: 67
Update Package: 68
Update Transport: 68
Database Diagram 69
70
5 Chapter 5: Conclusion: 71
Issues faced and learnt lessons: 71
Future Work: 71
6 REFERENCES 73
Figure List
Brief Introduction
People travel to have a break from their hectic routine as it provides pleasure, relaxation of
mind and a lot of knowledge. Tourism is an industry popular on a global level. Many
countries have adopted tourism as a major source of income and it has a major impact on
their economy. The industry of tourism suffered on a global scale due to world economic
slowdown in 2008 but finally, it is much better now once again.
There a lot of tourism companies who provide different packages for different places,
categorized by many aspects like fares, restroom facilities and service charges etc. As
Pakistan is a rich in culture, moral values and different colours of life and it also has a lot
of beautiful natural places to visit, the World Economic Forum’s travel and tourism
competitiveness report ranked Pakistan as one of the top countries for tourism [2]. Tourism
in Pakistan has been a major source of economy but it was disturbed by terrorism [1]
activities and Islamic states have suffered [3]. However, it is becoming popular once again
as the government has solved the issues that were causing its downfall. Much improved
security situation has helped increase the number of tourists arriving in Pakistan by 300%
[4]. As a result, there should be some work towards the betterment of tourism by providing
trip planning.
User will also be able to customize his tour plan according to his own interest, financial
status and location on website. This will assist the tourists throughout their whole tour.
Problem Statement
A person who wants to travel to different locations in Pakistan faces a lot of issues such as
transport booking, hotel booking and he does not know much about places of interest in a
specific area. So, there should be a website where he can book a hassle-free tour with
customisable packages. There doesn’t exist many systems/applications that allow the travel
agents to run their business online and attract different customers all over from Pakistan.
The presence of too many advertisements in existing systems and flocked interactive
experience is less user-friendly. Existing systems have a user interface that makes a user
confused about the whole process and do not clearly depict the features of the products
along with their usage. This website will save a lot of time for tourists. People don’t have
to manually visit travel agents or transport office and they will be able to avoid visiting
hotels as well. Thus, it will save a lot of effort.
Constraints
Assumptions
Objectives
Development of this website is based on Agile model because this model does not require
full requirement specifications for initiation of development. The main benefit of this
approach for this website development is that it begins by identifying the requirements and
then developing just a piece of the software. Then, it can be inspected to find further
specifications. This cycle is repeated and as the website is based on the user feedback.
Agile model is chosen for this project because it provides iterative enhancements, resolving
uncertainties, flexibility and speed. It guarantees that a modification will always be
welcomed. Quickness and quality assurance are main advantages of Agile method and it is
based upon regular feedback from clients. It can easily adapt with ever-changing
specifications.
Related Subjects:
Tools/IDE
Literature Review:
This website aims to help people who want to visit different recreational places in Pakistan.
Tourists face a lot of issues when travelling. This website will assist them with planning,
booking and it will provide a hassle-free tour plan.
Tripadvisor.com
It is world’s largest tourism website makes it easier for the people from all around the globe
to fully enjoy their tours. It covers approximately 8.1 million accommodations, restaurants
and airlines. It helps travellers to decide where to start, how to plan their tour, things to do
etc. (TripAdvisor, 2018)
Kayak.com
It offers meta-search function to provide better results in tour planning. From a small setup,
they have grown to be one of the most popular tourism websites.
Skyscanner.net
They claim to compare hotels, flights and transportation from a lot of providers. It was
founded in 2003 in UK and they do not ask for any commission from travellers.
(skyscanner.net, 2018)
Makemytrip.com
It is the most famous website in India for planning tours. They claim to meet travellers’
expectations by using latest technology. It also offers discounts in tours. The design of the
website is not too good and attractive but still, their services make them the first choice for
traveller.
Aroundpakistan.com
It is a website about tourism in Pakistan. Its objective is to provide comprehensive and
detailed information on the major tourist attractions in Pakistan. They also have added
categories on local crafts and cuisine to showcase the rich cultural heritage of Pakistan.
This website is very informative and interesting. This website is also in Chinese and
Japanese languages. The main features of Aroundpakistan.com are:
• Ad-Free
• Usage of visual aids
• Based on different cities in Pakistan
• Easy to use
Figure 1:AroudPakistan.com
Tourplanner.pk
It is an online travel portal catering to the inbound needs of Pakistani travellers. Positioned
as a brand for “Hassle free travel”, it provides information, pricing, availability, and
booking facility for domestic and international Hotel bookings, International flight search,
holiday packages, and car rentals.
Travelo.pk
They are the private tour operators offering their services for the travel and tourism
activities in Kashmir and other regions of Pakistan having their offices in Karachi and Azad
Kashmir. It aims to provide its services for the people who want to visit the different tourist
destinations in Pakistan. Their aim is to make the different beautiful areas of Pakistan [6]
reachable so that the travellers may see the real beauty of Pakistan. Also, their goal is to
preserve its cultural heritage making the others familiarize with the culture of these
beautiful destinations.
FindMyAdventure
Founded in August of 2016 with offices in Karachi and Lahore, FindMyAdventure is
Pakistan’s first online marketplace for people to search, compare, discover and book trips,
tours and travel experiences across Pakistan at any price point. You can search, compare,
and book trips, tours and activities from their listings and join a well-arranged tour with
like-minded travel enthusiasts. Or, you can fill out 'Make My Adventure' form and they’ll
arrange the perfect trip for you!
Stakeholders List:
Admin:
Admin will manage the whole website. He can modify all content.
Agent:
Agent will be able to modify package details and other promotional offers.
User:
User will be able to search and select a package from multiple options and after that, he
can book his tour.
Functional requirements
Admin
Table 1:Admin FR
Req.
Requirements FR-Critical Analysis
no.
User:
Table 2:User FR
• System will check his credentials from database and if they match,
3 Login/Logout he will be logged in otherwise a message will be shown telling him
that his entered data is invalid
Table 3:Agent FR
Log in
1 • If there are multiple agents, any other admins can only
login once the previous admin has logged out
5 Logout • Agent can logout from the website using logout button
Non-Functional Requirements
Table 4:NFR
1 Performance
1.1 System will be able to solve user issues quickly and in an efficient way
Any info about user, admin or the agent shall not be leaked and will be kept securely
2.1
in database
3 Reliability
Proper reasons will be provided in case of any bug and it will be solved
3.2
immediately
4 Discoverability
Important features will be presented on homepage, thus making it a user-friendly
4.1
website
4.2 Any non-technical person can also understand and perform his tasks easily
5 Portability
5.1 System will support all the major browsers such as Firefox, Chrome, Opera etc.
5.2 This system will support all smartphones and desktops as well
6 Availability
6.1 Website will be accessible at any time
7 Maintainability
7.1 Website will always remain up-to-date
7.2 If something bad happens, website will be able to recover quickly
3 Chapter3: Design & Architecture
Use Cases:
User
Sign Up:
Description:
This use case is about signup of a user who visits the website. Signup is required to avail
different features such as package selection, posting reviews or images and to checkout.
User is given new credentials once signed up, he enters them and
Desired Results
browses the website as a member.
Description:
This use case is about login of a user who visits the website. Login is required to avail
different features such as package selection, posting reviews or images and to checkout.
• ID is missing
• User does not log in, instead, he tries to create an account
• User browses the homepage as a guest
Unfavorable Outcomes
• Invalid credentials
• Account gets blocked due to some reason
• Logged in with another account by mistake
Website Surfing
Description:
This use case is about web surfing. Any person who surfs the website is able to see available
packages, promotional offers, places etc.
• User wants to know about the website and clicks on the visit
button
• Homepage is shown
Natural Flow • User chooses an option from tabs
• Chooses an option from drop down list
• User browses the website and know about rates and booking
plans and other information
Description:
This use case is about city view. A user can see or search different places in map.
Description:
This use case is about Hotel view. A user can see the list of available hotels that are being
offered in a package by agent.
Description:
This use case is about budget calculation. A user can calculate the budget in make-my-trip
kind of offers.
Description:
This use case is about social media sharing. A user can use social sites (after being logged
in) to post reviews and upload images etc.
Description:
This use case is about Map Exploration. This provides user the facility to know about places
that are being offered in packages. Their description, pictures and reviews etc will be offered.
Table 12:Maps Exploration Use Case Description
User can view and explore his desired map and he can also find
Desired Results
his own location
Description:
This use case is about Route selection. User can select from available packages or he can
also choose make-a-trip offer and define a route himself.
Desired Results User gets a plan that best suits his needs and interest
Description:
This use case is about login of an admin. He is asked to enter his credentials and upon
success, he gets logged in as an admin.
Description:
This use case is user management by admin. Admin can log in their accounts with their
consent and then, he can modify their data. He can also resolve bugs this way.
Description:
This use case is about city related updates. An Admin can modify cities information
uploaded by an agent.
• Data updated
Natural Flow
• Saved the changes made
• Administrator/agent did not log in properly
• Unable to recall password.
Unfavourable
• Internet connectivity issues
Outcomes
• Database crash
Modify Popular Places
Description:
This use case is about Places related updates. An Admin can also modify places information
uploaded by an agent.
• Data updated
Natural Flow
• Saved the changes made
Description:
This use case is about image modification. An Admin can add, remove, edit any image he
wants.
• Modify images
Objectives.
• To modify website content
• Data updated
Natural Flow
• Saved the changes made
Description:
This use case is about login of an Agent. He is asked to enter his credentials and upon
success, he gets logged in as an Agent.
Description:
This use case is about image modification. Agent can add, remove, replace an image. Agent
cannot modify image uploaded by an admin.
• Modify images
Objectives.
• To modify website content
• Data updated
Natural Flow
• Saved the changes made
Description:
This use case is about places modification. Agent can add, remove, replace a place. Agent
cannot modify a place uploaded by an admin.
• Data updated
Natural Flow
• Saved the changes made
Description:
This use case is about hotel related updates. An Admin can modify hotel information
uploaded by an agent.
• Data updated
Natural Flow
• Saved the changes made
• Administrator did not log in properly
• Unable to recall password.
Unfavourable Outcomes • Internet connectivity issues
• Database crash
Add Hotels
Description:
This use case is about places modification. Agent can add, remove, replace a place.
• Data updated
Natural Flow
• Saved the changes made
A Test case consists of some conditions under which a tester will check whether a system
put to test satisfies requirements.
Registration:
Description:
This test case is created to test whether a user is able to register or not. It shows all the steps
that a user performs if he wants to get registered.
Actor User
Events
• User entered required credentials on form
Description:
This test case is created to test whether a user is able to login or not. It shows all the steps
that a user performs if he wants to login.
Actor User
Events
• The user entered credentials
Description:
This test case is created to test whether a user is able to book a tour or not. It shows all the
steps that a user performs if he wants to book a tour.
Actor User
Description:
This test case is created to test whether a user is able to update his profile or not. It shows
all the steps that a user performs if he wants to update his profile.
Actor User
Events
• User entered new details
Description:
This test case is created to test whether an agent is able to upload an image or not. It shows
all the steps that an agent performs if he wants to upload an image.
Actor Agent
Events
• Agent selected the file
Description:
This test case is created to test whether an agent is able to add a transport or not. It shows
all the steps that an agent performs if he wants to upload an image.
Actor Agent
Events
• Agent entered details
Description:
This test case is created to test whether an agent is able to a hotel or not. It shows all the
steps that an agent performs if he wants to Add hotels.
Actor Agent
Events
• Agent entered details
Description:
This test case is created to test whether an agent is able to add a package or not. It shows
all the steps that an agent performs if he wants to add a package.
Actor Agent
Events
• Agent entered details
Description:
This test case is created to test whether an admin is able to modify some content or not. It
shows all the steps that an admin performs if he wants to modify some content.
Actor Admin
Description:
This test case is created to test whether a user is able to logout or not. It shows all the steps
that a user performs if he wants to logout.
Actor User
Sequence Diagrams
Sign up
Figure 5 Sign-up
Login
Figure 6 Login
Location Search
Figure 8 Hotels
Add City
Signup
View/Book a package:
Add Package:
Add Transport:
Update Hotel:
Update Transport:
The development of this website has been very difficult for me but on the other side, it was
interesting as well. I learnt a lot during the development of this website.
First issue was the collection of all the requirements of this website. But it was solved
immediately as I have worked on this project for a client and after his consent, I decided to
include it as my FYP. So, I arranged meetings and interviewed my client on regular basis
and it provided me the specifications. Moreover, my supervisor was of great assistance for
me.
Second, I started with PHP based framework. But after a lot of struggle, I decided to move
on to Ruby on Rails framework for development. For PHP CodeIgniter or even Laravel,
you first have to learn them properly. People would create their frameworks rather than
configuring old ones while Ruby is meant to make tasks easier by using pre-defined
libararies and it is more focused on conventions and it does not revolve around
configurations.
Third, I had to learn how to meet deadlines for the development of this website. In this
regard, my supervisor helped me a lot and he advised me divide my project into smaller
parts and then work on each chunk separately.
Future Work:
In future, there will be a lot of improvements based on user-reviews and agile methodology
used in development of this website also ensures that in future, this website can include
new features as well. Security of the system will also be enhanced because website contains
private and financial data of users and it is already the era of cyber-crime. In future, there
can be a recommendation feature based on AI. It will recommend new travel destinations
and transport and other things as soon as a user gets logged in the system, using his travel
history.
Moreover, there are also some chances that an IOS/Android app will be launched, later. It
will provide all the functionality of the web version as well as some other features can also
be expected such as discounts and more promotional offers can be made possible if a user
books his travel from the app. Website will also be launched properly in near future. In
future, travel history feature can also be introduced.
6 REFERENCES
2. Jatoi, A. (2018). Tourism — the untapped potential of Pakistan - Daily Times. [online]
Daily Times. Available at: https://dailytimes.com.pk/228069/tourism-the-untapped-
potential-of-pakistan/ [Accessed 28 Nov. 2018].
4. Desk, I. (2017). 16 Pakistani tourist spots you must visit in 2016. [online]
DAWN.COM. Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1228738 [Accessed 10 Oct.
2018].
5. World Travel Guide. (2016). Pakistan - World Travel Guide. [online] Available at:
https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/asia/pakistan/ [Accessed 25 Oct. 2018].
6. Travel and Culture Services. (2014). Pakistan Travel Guide. Information about every
city of Pakistan. Travel Tours hotels. [online] Available at: https://www.travel-
culture.com/pakistan/ [Accessed 28 Sept. 2018].
7. Walton, J. (2019). tourism | Definition, History, Types, Importance, & Facts. [online]
Encyclopedia Britannica. Available at: https://www.Britannica.com/topic/tourism
[Accessed 2 Sept. 2018].
8. The Express Tribune. (2018). Pakistan ranked number one adventure travel destination
| The Express Tribune. [online] Available at: https://tribune.com.pk/story/1604280/1-
pakistan-ranked-number-one-adventure-travel-destination/ [Accessed 29 Nov. 2018].
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