REMOTE SENSING AND

Title
PHOTO-INTERPRETATION

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I see trees of green,
red roses too.
I see them bloom,
for me and you.
And I think to myself,
what a wonderful world.
I see skies of blue,
And clouds of white.
The bright blessed day,
The dark sacred night.
And I think to myself,
What a wonderful world.

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What is Remote Sensing?
• The acquisition of information about an object
without being in physical contact with it. (simple,
broad, too vague)
• The science and art of obtaining information
about an object, area, or phenomenon through
the analysis of data acquired by a device not in
contact with the object, area, or phenomenon
under investigation.

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HUMAN EYE

OUR VISION IS AN
EXAMPLE OF
REMOTE
SENSING

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 REMOTE SENSING
• Practice of deriving information about the earth‟s
land and water surfaces using images acquired
from an overhead perspective, using
electromagnetic radiation in one or more regions
of the electromagnetic spectrum, reflected or
emitted from the earth‟s surface. (James
Campbell)

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 Electromagnetic RS of earth resources

• DATA ACQUISITION - Domain of the physical

and mathematical sciences

• INFORMATION EXTRACTION -Based on the

geographical, mathematical, statistical,
biological, physical and psychological sciences

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Electromagnetic
RS of earth
resources

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The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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 Region name Wavelength Details
range
0.30- Very narrow zone of EMR.
Ultraviolet 0.38 μm It has short wave lengths.
Largely scattered by atmospheric
(UV) particles.
.04-0.75 μm These regions are highly used for
Remote Sensing.
Comprises of
•Violet: 0.4 – 0.446 μm
•Blue: 0.446 – 0.500 μm
Visible •Green: 0.500 – 0.578 μm
•Yellow: 0.578 – 0.592 μm
•Orange: 0.592 – 0.620 μm
•Red: 0.620 – 0.7 μm
Blue, Green and Red are the primary
colors in the visible spectrum.

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 Region name Wavelength Details
range
Near Infra red 0.75-1.5 μm Frequently used in Remote Sensing.
(NIR)
Middle Infrared 1.5-5 μm Comprises of
(MIR) •SWIR (1.5-3 μm)

•MIR (3.0-5.0 μm)

Both the regions are highly using in
Remote Sensing.
Thermal 5.0-15.0 μm Long wavelengths, Much of this energy
Infrared is comprised of emitted radiation from
the Earth.
(TIR)
1mm-1m Longest wavelengths usied in Remote
Microwave Sensing. Used in Both active and
Passive mode. These signals can
penetrate into clouds and fog.

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 A Systems View of Remote Sensing

Passive systems
•Detect naturally occurring radiation
Detect radiation emitted by the sun and reflected
by objects (UV, Vis, NIR)
Detect thermal radiation emitted by all objects not
at absolute zero (TIR)

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 A Systems View of Remote Sensing

Active systems
Emit radiation and analyze what is rent back to them
•Can use any type of EMR (in principle) subject to
the restrictions imposed by the transparency of the
Earth‟s atmosphere (in practice)

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Considerations:
Nature of the required information
Accurately specify the information to be provided
Advantages of using RS
Information should be acquired by RS when this method
provides either better, more cost effective, or new but
necessary information
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 Remotely-sensed data provides a
permanent record of the whole area of
interest at a point in time

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 Is RS the best available method to
acquire the information?
Is the required information dependent on time?
•Information varies with time
•Collection at regular time intervals
•Change detection and mapping
Remotely-sensed data provides derived
information that is relatively consistent spatially
and temporally, particularly if using similar
sensors.
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Is RS the best available method
to acquire the information?
Does the collection of required information either
affect the resource being monitored, cause undue
time delays, or create unacceptable admin or cost
structures for data collection?
•Timeliness

Remote sensing does not interfere with, or

cause responses by, the resources being measured
or observed.
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Is RS the best available method
to acquire the information?
Can the required information be reliably extracted
from image data?
•EMR-material interaction
•Clouds
•Night or day acquisition
Remote sensing can provide information
directly from data or through its relationship with other
physical characteristics of the environment.

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 Why study Remote Sensing?
(Advantages)
Sampling bias removed
Data can be gathered from a large area, or a large volume of
the atmosphere, in a short period of time („snapshot‟)
Airborne and spaceborne systems can acquire data from
locations that would be difficult (slow, expensive, dangerous,
politically inconvenient) to measure in situ
Most remote sensing systems generate calibrated digital
data that can be fed into a computer for analysis
Wide range of applications

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 Limitations of Remote Sensing
• Human method-produced error
• Active systems can be intrusive
• Instruments become uncalibrated
• Expensive to collect and interpret or
analyze

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 APPLICATION
Topography, drainage, temperature, tectonic motion
Urban & regional planning
Natural resource inventories
Monitoring environmental issues
Agriculture (e.g. crop forecasting, precision farming)
Geology, hydrologic studies
Land cover, benthic cover mapping
Soil surveys (soil moisture)
Military reconnaissance
Atmospheric applications (precipitation, clouds, concentrations of
gases, etc.)
Ocean (temperature, colour)
GIS
Others
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SATELLITE IMAGES

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SATELLITE IMAGES

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SATELLITE IMAGES

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SATELLITE IMAGES

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APPLICATION OF REMOTE
SENSING

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ASSIGNMENT
• Look for a published research related to
Remote Sensing Technology
• Present the abstract, results and
conclusion

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 LABORATORY EXERCISE
Laboratory Ex. 1:
Landsat satellite Data acquisition

Laboratory Ex. 2:
• Familiarization of the ENVI 5.1 software

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