Access 2007 Guide

e-Quals Technical Glossary for IT Users
This is not a list of items to be taught, neither is it exhaustive – it contains the main terms that will occur
within referenced units.
Most graphics used here are based on Microsoft Windows. However, other systems and applications
are similar.
A3, A4, A5 and A6: Paper sizes. A4 is a standard piece of paper, sizes are either doubled from this
and numbers go down by one each time or they are halved from this and numbers go up by one each
time. For example, A3 is double the size of A4 and A5 is half the size of A4.
Access: To gain entry into something, for example, a specific drive, system or application. When you
click on the a:\ drive icon while using Windows Explorer or File Manager software you are ‘accessing’
the a:\ drive. Access is also the name of Microsoft’s database software application.
Access account, internet: The details required to allow a connection to the internet, usually a log in
name, a password and a telephone number to dial.
Accessories: Small programmes or wizards that make the operating system easier to use or enhance
the functions available.
Accounts: Can be either a user account to log onto a computer or the internet, or those activities
involving monetary transactions – for example, purchase and sales ledgers.
Accuracy: Usually means either to be without errors or, when working out sums, it can mean to a
given accuracy, for example accurate to two decimal places.
Action: To do something is to carry out an action.
Add: Can be either to add something to something, for example words to a document, or the action of
adding together two numbers. The symbol + (known as add or plus) is used for adding. In
spreadsheets this can also be identified as sum . For example =sum(C3:H3). Here, “sum” means
add these numbers together.
Add: …new record to an existing database. A database has a structure composed of fields. Each field
is a data item in a record. A new record is added when the primary key field is increased to give a new
record.
Add: …new data to a record. When a record has been added to a database it may not contain all of
the data to complete the record. A record can be added to, to give a fuller picture of the recorded item
or person.
Additional: Something that has been added to something to make it more than it was. For example, in
a data record of a person, the address would be additional data.
Address: The identifier of something in some place, for example a house address. In computing
everything has some sort of address, for example a memory address or a cell reference in a
spreadsheet, things are saved to disk with a disk address and even things on screen have a screen
position or address.
Address book: In some packages there is a facility to store names and addresses these are stored in
the windows address book, in an email programme this can be names and email addresses.
Advantages: When something has better facilities or is better than another thing it is said to have
advantages over that thing. For example, when you compare Microsoft Word to Microsoft Works, Word
has many more functions and is said to have advantages over Works.
Alerts: Small visual or audio signals that tell a user that something has been done or is in the process
of being done or it may be the system asking for a response or permission to do something.
Aliases: An alias is a name used instead of a real name – for example, a user name or email address
can be an alias for the person using it. You would rarely get you own name as there is usually more
than just you with that name there may be a joe_bloggs@xxx.com but there may also be a
joe_bloggs999@xxx.com This last is an alias for a specific Joe Bloggs.
Align: To set out a document either horizontally (across) from the starting point or vertically (up or
down) from the starting point it is usual to express this as… right aligned – from the right side, left
aligned – from the left side, centred – from the middle or fully justified where the text is perfectly
aligned to both margins – the top icon to the right shows the alignment (horizontal) in left, centre, right
and fully justified order below this is a further alignment tool bar which allows cell contents to be
aligned (vertical) top, middle or bottom a further tool bar for cells allows exact positioning both vertical
and horizontal this is an example of an expanded toolbar which is called from one icon usually with an
arrow to say that there is more.
Horizontal Vertical
Align, cell contents: Just as a whole document can be aligned, contents of individual cells in a
spreadsheet can also be aligned. It is usual to left align most things in a spreadsheet except numbers
and money which are usually right aligned.
Alignment: See align.

Alphabetical: Data sorted in a-z order (can be either ascending a-z or descending z-a), or data that is
not a date, currency or numbers but just made up of letters of the alphabet.
Application: A piece of software that performs a specific task, for example word processing.
Apply: To do something to a data item, for example to apply alignment or bold style to a word.
Appropriate: Usually means that it is fit for what it is to be used for, for example appropriate style or
appropriate layout.
Area: A part of something set aside for a particular purpose, for example a work area in an office or a
part of a document.
Arrows: The small set of keys between the alphanumeric part of the keyboard and the number pad.
Arrows can be used to move the cursor around the screen – especially in tables and spreadsheets.
They are also repeated on the 2, 4, 6 and 8 keys of the numeric pad but NUM LOCK must be off to
use them.
Ascending: To go upwards from a starting point, for example from a to z or 1 to 9. Opposite to

descending, which means to go down, for example from z-a or 9-1.
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Each key on the keyboard sends a code
to the processor when pressed. The code is a standard so that all keys act the same on different
keyboards. This is usually expressed as a hex value, which is changed into binary by the processor.
The ascii character set:

[Characters 00 to 20 and 7f are non-printable commands and the remainder are printable characters –
what you see as letters and numbers on screen and in documents printed].
This code has now had to be extended quite a lot due to all the new characters, for example the euro
symbol and other languages.
Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch

Hex Ch
00 NUL 10 DLE 20 SP 30 0 40 @ 50 P 60 '
70 p
01 SOH 11 DC1 21 ! 31 1 41 A 51 Q 61 a
71 q
02 STX 12 DC2 22 " 32 2 42 B 52 R 62 b
72 r
03 ETX 13 DC3 23 £ 33 3 43 C 53 S 63 c
73 s:
04 EOT 14 DC4 24 $ 34 4 44 D 54 T 64 d
74 t:
05 ENQ 15 NAK 25 % 35 5 45 E 55 U 65 e
75 u:
06 ACK 16 SYN 26 & 36 6 46 F 56 V 66 f
76 v
07 BEL 17 ETB 27 ' 37 7 47 G 57 W 67 g
77 w
08 BS 18 CAN 28 ( 38 8 48 H 58 X 68 h
78 x:
09 HT 19 EM 29 ) 39 9 49 I 59 Y 69 I
79 y
0A LF 1A SUB 2A * 3A : 4A J 5A Z 6A j
7A z
0B VT 1B ESC 2B + 3B ; 4B K 5B [ 6B k
7B {
0C FF 1C FS 2C . 3C < 4C L 5C / 6C l
7C |
0D CR 1D GS 2D _ 3D = 4D M 5D ] 6D m
7D }
0E SO 1E RS 2E . 3E > 4E N 5E - 6E n
7E ÷
0F SI 1F US 2F / 3F ? 4F O 5F - 6F o
7F DEL:
Associated: Linked, connected or attached to something. File extensions usually show which
applications are associated with certain files, for example .doc is the file extension associated with
word processing documents.
Attach: Files to email messages – to fix something to an email just as you would attach something to
a document. Similar to using an electronic paper clip instead of a metal one.
Attachment: Something that is attached to something, for example a picture attached to an email.
Attractive: Pleasing to look at – used in connection with documents – especially Desk Top Published
documents.
Attributes: Those things (properties), which specify something exactly, for example font attributes can
be bold or underlined, or a specific colour. Folders (directories) and files can also have attributes which
say something about how they are handled by the system. These are: A for archived, H for hidden, R
for read only and S for system. Print attributes can be size and orientation of paper and quality of print.
Automated: A routine carried out by an application when a command is made, for example spell
checking is an automated routine. Users can write their own routines in many applications these are
often called macros.
Available: What you have that is free to do something with, for example free disk space or free
memory.
Back (arrow): The back arrow acts like an eraser to rub out letters that may have been typed by
mistake.
Background: Something that is at the back of what ever is to the front (foreground), for example the
background of this document is white.
Backup: To make a copy of data, applications or other software (programmes) to a different location
for the purpose of reinstallation should the system (hard drive) fail.
BC: Blind copy, a copy of something. For example, when you send an email, you can blind copy it to a
second person. The main recipient will not be able to tell that the second person has been sent it.
BCC: See BC.
Benefits: An advantage of using or having something (see advantage).
Between: Something that fits in between a start point and end point. In a b c, b is between a and c.
Binary: A mathematical numbering system based on two numbers: 1 and 0. In computing, 1 is taken
to mean on or yes and 0 to mean off or no.
Bit: Binary notation from the term binary digit. A 1 or 0. The 1 represents on and the 0 is off. Eight 1s
or 0s are needed for each character, for example 01010110 is a binary code for a single letter.
Bitmap: A term used in graphics to explain how a picture is made up. In the file information, each bit is
given an exact location or address. Therefore it can be said to be a map of the bits.
Blank document: A document that has nothing written into it or has no specific template or format.
Block: Usually used when talking about a piece of text, for example a text block.
Bold: A font enhancement used to make an item of text or numbers stand out from those surrounding
it eg normal text and bold text.
Book: A single document or group of documents that are grouped into a single entity.
Bookmarks: Just as you can save your place with a marker in an ordinary book, you can do the same
within applications. In Word, for example, you can add a bookmark from the insert menu. In a browser
application bookmarks are also known as “favorites” and allow you to quickly find a website again.
Border: To enclose something within a line. Often used in word processing, spreadsheets and text
boxes. There is a specific toolbar for applying borders.
Bottom: Underneath something or in last place. In a spreadsheet cell contents can be vertically
aligned top, centre and bottom using the toolbar provided for this purpose.
Box: A square or oblong holder for something, eg a text box:
Browser: An application used to view web pages eg Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari or Firefox. Pages
for the internet are written in code; the browsers job is to make the code readable.
Bulleted: Small icons at the beginning of text to divide up text, form lists or draw attention to each item
eg:
• One
• Two
• Three
Bulleted list: A list with a symbol at the beginning of each row instead of a number or a letter. The
symbol can be any character from a special font, such as Wingdings.
Bureau: Office or department with a special function or job eg a word processing bureau or printing
bureau.
Business letter: A document, usually created in a word processing package, sent from or to a
business. It usually has a specific layout and contains a number of items of information as well as the
contents, for example the address of the sender, the address of the receiver (recipient), date,
reference number, salutation (Dear xxx) and a greeting (Yours xxx). The greeting and salutation
should always match – for example, a letter starting ‘Dear Sir’ should end with ‘Yours faithfully’ and a
letter starting ‘Dear Mr Bloggs’ should end with ‘Yours sincerely’.
Byte: A single character in binary computer language, made up of eight 0s or 1s (see ASCII code and
binary).
Cartridge – tape: A small package that looks like a video tape which is used in a tape reader / writer
to store data. Usually used to make back-ups as it is very slow compared to other media.
Cartridges: A self contained unit that can be plugged into a computer or a peripheral device which
adds something to the unit, eg a memory cartridge, font cartridge, ink cartridge or tape cartridge.
Case: A term used with fonts, small letters are lower case and CAPITALS are UPPER CASE.
CC: Carbon Copy. To send a copy to someone other than the main recipient. For example, you can
send an email to Joe and copy it to Sarah. The term comes from the days when carbon paper was
used to make copies on typewriters. (See als BC).
CD ROM: Compact Disk Read Only Memory. A compact disk that can be written to once only. When it
has been written is termed CD ROM.
Cell: A single holder for information in a spreadsheet is termed a cell. It is identified by a letter /
number address. The same thing in a database is termed a field but has a name instead of a letter /
number.
Cell range: A group of cells usually identified by a starting cell and an ending cell, for example the cell
range in the image below is B2 to D5. This is usually written with a colon (:) between the two cell
references ie B2:D5.
Centred: See align.
Change: To edit something in a data file. To replace, for example a 1 with a 0.

Character: A single letter, number or special symbol entered by pressing its key on the keyboard –
some characters have to be entered using the
Character map: (a system tool) or a special key combination. For example, pressing the alt key and
typing 1026 gives the character ‘d’.
Checking: A practice of looking at something alongside an original to ensure that the details or data
are the same.
Clipart: Small, ready-made pictures that are available to make documents etc look better – usually
grouped by theme. In Microsoft Office they are arranged in a file manager, available under the Insert >
Picture menu.
Close: To stop using something, eg a file or an application.
Colour: The number of colours displayed can vary from 16 to 256 to 64000 to 16.7 million. The more
colours, the smoother graphic elements appear to the user, especially with photographs. The number
of colours available depends more on the video card in the system and on how much memory is set
for the display. It takes 8 bits to describe a single pixel when using 256 colours. It takes 24 bits to
describe a pixel when using 16 million colours. So a lot of memory is needed to show those millions of
colours. Video cards now come with extra memory chips on them to help handle the display. Colour is
an attribute of something, for example this text is black but could be red, in most applications there is a
tool that allows you to change the colour of such things as fonts and borders. Each colour on the
screen is made up of three very tiny lights that shine at different powers to produce all of the colours
available.
Columns: In word processing text that is placed side by side is said to be in columns – in
spreadsheets columns are known by letter identifiers.
Communicate: To get a message from one place to another. For example, two people close together
can communicate face-to-face, but this can also be done by telephone, letter or email.
Compiling: Collect or bring together elements to make a whole, for example, collecting addresses to
make up an address book or bringing text and pictures together to compile a DTP document.
Components: The individual parts that make up the whole machine or system, or the individual data
items that make up a document.
Compose: Create or write something, for example a letter or a song.
Compressed: Packed together or squashed down. Most programmes, documents and pictures
contain a great deal of empty space, in some cases this can be squashed using a programme such as
Pkzip, Winzip, Stuffit or another file compressing utility.
Computer: Correctly, the central processing unit is the computer as it does the actual computing, but
generally the term is used for a PC or Apple Mac made up of the central unit, keyboard, mouse and
monitor.
Confidentiality: To do with privacy and keeping things private, for example, your password is
confidential and should not be given to anyone else.
Configuration: The arrangement of a group of items when they are put together, especially how the
parts of a computer are put together and run together with the operating system.
Connected: How items are linked or joined together. For example, a printer connected to a computer,
or two computers linked by modem / telephone.
Connection: The link or bond between two items.
Connection (internet): The link by which one computer connects to others this can be by dial-up
modem, broadband or another form of network
Connection speed: The speed of a connection between two or more computers or peripherals,
usually measured in kbits per second ie how many bits of data can be sent across the network in a
second. Generally a dial up connection runs at about 56 kbits. Broadband is getting faster and is now
measured in megabits or mbits per second.
Construct: Build up an item, for example, to build a computer from parts or build up an email from
words.
Contents: What is inside some item, for example, the items in a box or the subjects of a book.
Control: To be in charge of something, for example, to be in charge of the office or in computers. The
CPU is in control of the system.
Conventional: A normal or commonly accepted way of doing things. For example, it is conventional to
put both the sender’s and recipient’s addresses in a business letter.
Copy and paste: In most applications, there is a facility that allows numbers, text or pictures (once
highlighted) to be copied to a special portion of memory called the clipboard. This can then be pasted
to another place in the same document or another document to save time. The copy shortcut is ctrl+c
and the paste shortcut is ctrl+v.
Copyright: The symbol © is found in many places eg books, films and pictures. It means that the right
to copy anything from it belongs to only one person or group – the author(s). So, if someone else
wants to copy some or all of it they must have permission to do so and in some cases pay a fee
(royalty) to allow the copying. To take without permission is theft. NB Specific rules apply to the
copyright of graphics, music, shareware and software.
Costs: The outlay in money or time that must be spent to get something. For example, the cost
involved in accessing and using the internet might be to get a phone installed, buy a modem to put in
the computer, subscribe to a provider and make the connection for the period of time for the
communication to take place.
Coversheet: The first page of a fax summarising information about the fax eg the date, name of the
originator and number of pages.
Create bookmarks: To save a link to a web page inside a browser application or electronically mark a
place inside a file.
Crop: To remove some part of an item, usually the outer edge of a graphic. A crop tool is available on
the picture menu in most graphics applications.
Customer records: Records made up of fields in a database that give useful information about
customers. They are usually tailored to the specific job that the company does for its customers.
Cut and paste: Similar to copy and paste but in this case the original is removed instead of just
copied.
Data: Facts, figures, numbers or letters are all data. Data can be unordered (like brief notes) or
ordered – or arranged into a database using fields in records
Data entry: The act of entering data into a system by hand, scanner or other input device.
Data files: Any file in a computer system that is not part of an application is correctly a data file.
Documents, pictures, music etc. are all data files.
Data input: See data entry.
Data input devices: Machines or peripherals that allow data to be captured by a computer or other
system – for example, scanners, keyboards, mice, removable drives, microphones or cameras.
Data storage: The act of storing data onto a medium.
Data type: Used generally when taking about the different types of data that can be stored in a
database, for example, text, numbers or dates.
Data type, character or text: Usually just those data items made up of alphabetic characters, which
may include other countries’ alphabets but not special characters like * or £, $ signs.
Data type, currency: Correctly currency is not a data type: it is numbers with a currency format.
Data type, date: Dates are held in computers in a specific way, as a serial number from a specific
start date. However, they can be formatted to display in many ways, long or short. The start date is
usually agreed as a universal to all computer systems so that data can be exchanged between them.
Data type, numeric: All numbers used in the decimal system from 0-9.
Data, manipulation: To move or work with data to make it fit for a purpose.
Database: A collection of data held on a computer or in a book in a specific, structured way. For
example, an address book or a telephone directory can be called a database.
Descending: To sort from the top down, for example from 9 down to 1 or z down to a.
Decimal: A mathematical numbering system based on 10. The system used most is based on the
numbers 0 – 9.
Decimal places: Numbers shown after a point to show they are not a whole number. For example, 0.5
equals five tenths or a half
Default: Most packages come with basic settings already in place to allow you to use them straight
away. These are called default settings. Many of them can be changed according to your personal
preference.
Define: The database structure in terms of field names and data types (draft structure).
Delete: To erase or remove something – for example, to delete a word or letter (using the delete key),
a record from a database, cell contents, columns or rows in spreadsheet or table, or email messages
from a email application.
Design: To plan out, usually before making something, to check that everything has been considered
and that it will be fit for the purpose you intend. For example, to design the layout of a spreadsheet for
data entry.
Desk Top Publishing: The layout and publishing of documents on a computer as opposed to either
setting the type in blocks for a printing press or preparing etched plates for offset printing.
Desktop: The working area once a graphic user interface has loaded and before any applications
have been opened.
Determine: To work out or decide what features will be included in something.
Device: A piece of equipment added to a computer to perform a specific task eg a printer, mouse or
keyboard.
Dial up: An internet or other network connection that only comes into being when a specific
connection number is dialled to enable two or more computers to communicate.
Digital: Based on numbers or digits rather than analogue eg an ordinary clock with hands and a dial is
analogue and a clock with just numbers (usually in the form HH:MM:SS) is digital
Analogue Digital
Digital signatures: A means of ensuring security by signing something with a code rather than by
hand.
Directory: Sometimes also called a folder, this is a place in which files are stored and organised.
Disk: Any of many storage media that are disk shaped and have one or two useable sides eg compact
disks, floppy disk, jazz disk, CD ROMs or DVDs. Hard disks are special in that the drive may have a
stack of disks rather just a single disk.
Disk file: A file that holds the document in its printable form. This is to allow it to be printed later.
Display: The way the user sees things on the monitor eg resolution, contrast etc.
Document, new: A new document can be opened by clicking the new document icon. Another way to
get a new document is to open New on the File menu. This gives a full dialogue box from which a
document with a specific format or template can be chosen.
Document, types of: Refers to the purpose of the document (and can include format) eg a letter or
memo.
Dot matrix: A type of printer in which pins are used to form the characters – these print a row of text at
a time and the more pins in the head the better the quality of the print. They are very slow and are
called impact printers as the pins must strike the ribbon and hit it against the paper to form a letter.
Dots: Dots are used to measure both on screen and printer resolution. The higher the DPI (dots per
inch), the better the quality, for example, a document printed at 1200 DPI will be far clearer than one
printed at 600 DPI.
Download: The act of transferring something from one network place to the system you are using eg
saving a picture from the internet to your hard drive.
Draft: To draw, sketch or write something in rough before working on the proper version, or to print at
a very low quality before final editing.
Draft layouts: To hand draw or sketch the layout of a document before creating it. Useful for seeing
how a document will look once it is finished. It is often used to allow a client to see your ideas before
work is started.
Draw: To create a picture or graphic by hand either on paper or on a computer. Paint programs work
with pictures on a pixel-by-pixel basis, where a pixel is the smallest dot on the screen. Such programs
handle photographs and most clipart. As the picture is enlarged they lose quality. Drawing programs,
on the other hand, define images in terms of vectors, that is, mathematical equations that describe
geometric shapes. Therefore the quality never changes, even if the drawing is enlarged several times.
Drive: A unit that reads from or writes to a disk eg a CD drive or floppy drive. A hard drive is different
in that the disk is not usually removed and the terms hard disk and hard drive as usually
interchangeable.
DTP file: A file saved with a .dtp extension (see also Desk Top Publishing).
Duplicate: An identical copy of something.
DVD: Digital versatile disk.
e-Commerce: Buying and selling carried out over a network, especially the internet.
Edit: To change something in a file by adding or removing.
Electronic: Run by electricity (eg a battery-powered watch) as opposed to mechanical (eg a wind-up
one).
Email: Mail sent electronically over a network instead of a physical item put into an envelope and sent
by a physical mail service.
Email address: An address usually of the format aaaaa@bbbbb.xxx where aaaaa is the name or alias
of a person, and bbbbb.xxx is the domain of the server where the persons mail box is situated. The @
says that it is an email address eg john@home.net or john@freedom.com. Email is very fast and is
much cheaper than ordinary mail. Many elements (eg text files, photographs and sounds) can be
attached to an email.
Email file management system: Managing email files is usually carried out inside a specific
application called an email client. Examples are Outlook, Outlook Express, Thunderbird and Pegasus
mail.
Emphasis: To place prominence on something to bring it to someone’s attention eg by highlighting it.
Encrypting: Scrambling the details of a document by putting it through a programme for security
reasons. Other users need a password to unscramble (decrypt) it.
Enhancement: To make an improvement eg you can add bold, italics or colour to enhance text.
Enter: To gain access. Also used to identify the enter key on the keyboard.
Enter data: The act of putting data into a document or application, eg a word processing document or
a database.
Environment: The physical working area of the user (heat, light, position etc) or the operating
environment (the way the operating system is set up).
Equipment: The physical kit that makes up the computer and its peripheral devices.
Error messages: Messages, created by a program or system, that appear on the screen to tell us
something is wrong.
Etiquette, internet: Good manners when using the internet, especially in chat rooms.
Exit: To leave:
Exit a browser and disconnect: The connection in use does not usually disconnect simply because
you close the browser. Therefore you need to make sure you also close the connection.
Extension, file: The part of the filename after the full stop eg doc, xls, jpg or txt. In myfile.doc, the
doc is the extension. The extension a file has identifies it as, for example, a word processing file, a
spreadsheet, an image or a text file and tells the operating system which application to open it with.
Fax: Shorthand for facsimile. A method of passing a written message over the telephone system. A
piece of equipment similar to a scanner is used to read the document and turn it into data for
transmission. It is then printed at the other end.
Field: A data holder within a database.
File: A complete data item (eg document, picture, sound file etc.) that has been created with a name
and either saved or still in the storage medium’s memory (ie not yet be saved).
Filenames: A file identifier composed of the name and extension, for example document1.doc.
Filenames for developing versions: A way of showing the order of different versions of a file when it
is necessary to keep draft versions. This can be as simple as naming the first draft doc1-1.doc and the
second as doc1-2.doc.
Filing: The act of putting a file or document in a logical place where you know you can find it again.
The hard drive is the cabinet. Its directories / folders hold files (documents). With databases, there is
an extra filing stage.
:::::::::::
Fill: The fill tool allows the user to fill any shape with a colour.
Financial accounts: Work carried out using a spreadsheet or package for dealing with the profits and
losses.
Find: To use directory / folder tools to find documents when the exact location cannot be remembered.
Within applications it is possible to use a find tool to find words. It is often used with a replace tool,
allowing one word to be changed for another.
Flip: To change a graphical image by using a mirror along the top or bottom (horizontal) edge.
Original Flipped:
Floppy disk: A small removable magnetic disk, usually holding about 1.5 MB of data.
Flyer: A small, casual publication – often A5 in size, which is used for example to let people know of a
new service.
Font: A set of letters numbers and special characters made to a particular format or a set of special
characters made to a theme. For example, this document’s font is Ariel.
Font attributes: eg italic, bold, underlined, size, style or colour.

Font styles: Style is an attribute of the font. In this case it is normal, bold, italic or underline. These
can be accessed from the toolbar or the Format/Font menu.
Fonts sizes: Measured in points. Most fonts are written in a code that allows them to be re-sized
without any loss of quality. When you choose to resize a font it usually only shows up to 72 points but
you can make fonts much larger by typing in the number you need.
:
Format: The set-up, layout or plan of a document, including font, paragraphs and alignment.
Formulas construction: How do you build up a formula (see spreadsheets).
Formulas for calculated cells: eg =A4+B4-C4; =A4*(B4+C4); =SUM(A1:A7)
Forward: To go in a specific direction (the opposite of back). For example, on the web you can go
backwards or forwards from a page by using the ‘Back’ and ‘Forward’ arrows. You can also forward
emails to other people.
FTP: File Transfer Protcol. The set of rules used on the internet to send files and pictures (as opposed
to http, which is just for web pages).
Functions: The things / tasks that the software can do. In spreadsheets, functions can also mean
special formulas that can be accessed by using the function icon.
Gigabyte: A capacity of bigger drives equal to 1000 Megabytes.
Graphic: A picture object eg a drawing, photograph, chart or Wordart.
Graphical: To show something in graphical format eg to show the numbers in a spreadsheet as a

graph or chart.
Greeting: The words used just before a signature – for example, ‘Yours sincerely’ or ‘Yours faithfully’
in a formal letter or ‘Best wishes’ or ‘Kindest regards’ in an informal letter or email.
Group: When a particular drawing is made up of a number of smaller elements these can be ‘grouped’
and then locked into one graphic.
Gutters: The term used in Desk Top Publishing to describe space between columns of text inside a
text frame.
:
Handout: A document usually given at a seminar or lecture. In presentation software, there is usually
a facility to print a copy of the presentation with space for those attending to make notes.
Hard disk: The main disk, usually inside the computer but can be removable, holding the operating
system and programmes.
Hard copy: A document that has been printed.
Hardware: The bits that actually make up the computer eg the hard drive, memory or graphics card.
Hexadecimal: A mathematical numbering system based on 16 which uses the numbers 0 - 9 and the
letters a – f.
Highlighting: The ability in some programmes allowing elements to be highlighted to draw attention to
them.
Homepage: The index page of a website.
Hotspots: Part of a web-based graphic that acts as a link to another page. When you move the mouse
over a hotspot the cursor usually turns into a pointing finger.
HTML: Hyper Text Mark-up Language. The code used for designing web pages, giving instructions to
the browser on how to display the information.
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. The means by which web pages are sent over the internet.
Hyperlinks: Objects (eg words, pictures of email addresses) in a web page which, when clicked, take
the user to a different page.
Icons: Small pictures used in most applications to represent something toolbars are made up of icons.
Identify: To recognise / describe something eg the structure of a database in terms of field names and
data types.
Impact: In IT terms, impact has two meanings. One refers to printers and tells the user how the
document is produced by an impact head (see dot matrix). The other refers to how a document
affects the person seeing it – documents with good layout, structure and graphics tend to have a
higher impact than simple text documents.
Import: To bring something (eg a graphic) into a document from another location.
Indentation: To increase the space away from the margin. Text placed in from the margin is said to be
indented.
Information networks: The networks built to allow the sharing of information. This is not limited to IT;
information networks can include books of data or people speaking.
Inkjet: A type of printer that sprays jets of ink on paper. Other types include Laser, Impact, Thermal
and Microfilm.
Input devices: Any device that allows something to be put into a computer system eg keyboard,
mouse, microphone, scanner, bar code reader and digital camera.
Insert: To add anything into a document. You can insert numerous elements into a range of file types
eg text or numbers into spreadsheet cells, automatic page numbering, page breaks, graphics, rows
and columns,
Install: To load a programme or utility (eg an application or a font) onto a system.

Internet: The correct term for the World Wide Web.
Internet, equipment: The hardware needed to connect to the internet eg computer, telephone line
and modem.
Invert: Turn upside down or change to a negative value.
ISP: Internet Service Provider.
Issues: Usually problems that must be taken care of eg security and privacy are issues when using
the internet.
IT: Information technology
Italic: A font style which leans to the right: normal and italic:
Justification: See alignments.
Keyboard: A peripheral used for data entry.
Kilobyte: 1024 bytes.
Labels: A piece of paper or electronic identification marker attached to something.
Landscape: Paper orientation where the long sides are along the bottom and top. This document is in
portrait (ie the long sides are along the left and right).
Laser: A type of printer that uses an image of the whole page like a photocopier when it produces
hardcopy.
Layers: Used when producing complex documents or graphics made up of background and
foreground elements.
Layout: The plan for how to put together the elements of a document or drawing to make it pleasing to
look at.
Leased line: A line that is leased from a telephone connection allowing a permanent connection to the
internet – usually used in ADSL or Broadband connections.
Leave: To go out of or exit something, for example to leave a package or system.
Level: Usually used when talking about the quality or level of detail in a printed document, for
example, Laser printers produces the highest level of detail and Dot Matrix printers the lowest.
Line: A simple graphic also called a stroke, which is used in documents to separate two pieces of text
Load: Usually used when talking about the amount of work to be done eg the workload. Also the act of
putting something into something else eg loading paper into a printer or software onto a computer.
Local access number: A number provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that makes it
cheaper to stay online rather than paying for a long distance call.
Locate: To find something, eg to locate and retrieve documents using File Manager software or to
locate sites on the internet using a search engine.
Location: The physical or electronic place where something is held eg data, files or documents.
Locks: Security device to stop people getting into a computer.
Log-off: To close a user session on either a computer or the internet.
Log-on: To access a computer or start an internet session.
Lower case: The term used for small letters as opposed to UPPER CASE.
Lower resolution: The measure of the quality of output on either a computer monitor or hardcopy of a
document, for example a draft copy has lower resolution than letter quality.
Magnetic disks: A disk that has a fine magnetic coat, like a video tape, which can be used to store
data.
Magnetic tape: A tape very like a video tape used to store data in computers.
Mailbox: A place on a mail server, usually provided by an ISP and linked to one person.
Mail server: A computer or part of a computer set up to act like a set of electronic post boxes for
email.
Manipulate: To do work on a set of data or numbers to make it useful.
Margins: The clear border surrounding the text in a document.
Maximise: To open to its fullest size.
Medium: The form in which something is delivered eg magnetic, paper, electronic or sound.
Memo: Short for memorandum. A business document normally sent from one person to another in the
same business. Memos do not have a greeting and are not usually signed. It is a similar format to
email.
Memory (RAM): Random Access Memory. The memory used for documents and applications
currently in use.
Menu bar: Usually at the top of the page, it gives access to the application’s functions.
Message: The main body of text contained in an email or letter.
Minimise: To put a programme onto the task bar so that it is out of the way but not closed.
Mirror: Graphic applications allow images to be changed from the original, mirroring is to change a
graphical image by using a mirror along the side(vertical) edge:
Modem: A piece of communications equipment used to access the internet. It stands for Modulator /
Demodulator because it changes (modulates) the signal form analogue to digital and back again.
Modify: To change or edit a document in some way eg font size / colour, cell width / height, or number
formats from general to fixed or currency:
Monitor (VDU): The screen on which we see what is happening on the computer is also called a
monitor or VDU (visual display unit).
Monochrome: From mono = one and chroma = colour. Usually used to mean black and white but any
primary colour plus white is really monochrome.
Mouse: A piece of hardware connected to the computer by wire, infrared or radio that allows the
cursor to be moved around.
Move: To take something from one place and put it in another. This can be an element of a document,
a file or a folder / directory. Many users use the cut and paste function to move things.
Multi-slide: A presentation which has more than one slide.
Navigate: To move around a document or website by using the mouse and following links.
Network: A number of computers which are connected to share data. This can either be local eg in the
same room or building, or distant eg between company offices in different towns. The internet is a
network which covers the whole world.
Network operating system: A system of commands which lies hidden behind the usual operating
system that allows computers to talk to each other.
New name: To save a copy of something with a name different from its original.
Newsletter: A document that carries news on a specific area of interest, usually produced by
companies for its staff or other organisations for it members.
Non-volatile memory: Memory that does not lose its contents when the power is switched off.
Number of copies: An option in the print dialogue box where a user can tell the computer how many
copies of a document to print.
Number, page X of Y pages: Usually in the form ‘Page 1 of 21 pages’, this can be added to a
document from the Insert menu, or it can be placed in a footer using the View headers and footers
command.
Numbered list: A list of items or short messages which have a symbol at the beginning, very much
like a bulleted list but using a numbering system instead. Numbered lists can use either numbers,
letters or roman numbers in sequence.
Numeric: Having just the numbers 0 to 9 in the data item , for example 12345 is numeric.
Object: Anything placed in any document that can also be a file in its own right eg tables, pictures and
charts.
Octal: A numbering system based on eight. A computer numbering system based on the numbers 0 –
7.
Offline: A piece of hardware that is not communicating with the computer. The term is also used when
looking at web pages stored on the computer.
Operating environment: The settings that make up the graphic user interface, and the way it works
with the user.
Operating system: Termed the OS, it is the interface normally used to allow a user to talk to a
computer. This could be a command line operating system like DOS or a graphical user interface
(GUI) like Windows or Mac OS.
Operators, relational: These allow a user to search for items of data either exactly or within a range
of items that are similar, for example, users identify the following; equals =; less than <; greater than >;
less than or equal to <=; greater than or equal to >=; not equal to <>. See example:
Field Operand Value
Date Of Birth Greater than > xx/xx/xx
“ Less than < xx/xx/xx
“ Equal to = xx/xx/xx
“ Less than OR equal to <= xx/xx/xx
“ Greater than OR Equal to >= xx/xx/xx

“ NOT Equal to <> xx/xx/xx
Optical disks: Another name for storage media that uses optical systems to read the data – eg CDs
and DVDs, which use a laser (optical) system.
Order: Sorted into a pattern that follows on from a previous item in the range eg abd and 123 are
ordered data. This could just as easily be big medium and small.
Organise: Sort out into an order eg to organise the working day by putting urgent things first.
Orientation: A term usually used when talking about printed output or an object. For example, page
orientation is either landscape or portrait.
Output: The product of an action carried out by either the computer or a user. This might be the result
of a sum, a printed page, a picture onscreen or a sound coming from the speakers.
Output devices: Any piece of hardware that allows something to be seen, heard, saved or printed.
Package: Used when talking about applications, for example a software package.
Page: A piece of paper or document – either in physical form or, for example, a web page.
Page break: A command inserted into a document at a specific place which shows where a page
starts and ends.
Page layout. These can be either hard or soft. Hard page breaks are inserted by a user command and
soft page breaks are inserted automatically by the application.
Paragraphs: A number of sentences joined together, usually about the same subject.
Passwords: A group of characters which must be input into a protected system or application to
access it.
Past site history: A log of addresses kept within a browser application recording where the user has
been.
Percentage: Symbol %, some part of 100, for example 33 people out of 100 is 33%.
Photo: A true likeness of a place or thing taken by camera. This can be either digital (ready for use on
a computer) or film-based.
City & Guilds in London
Plan: A rough guide or list for a document, drawing or event, for example a plan of the day or a plan of
a building.
Pointer: Usually the symbol that appears on screen to indicate where the mouse is.
Portable: Can be used while being carried around, for example a laptop computer.
Portrait: Paper orientation where the long side are to the left and right sides (see landscape).
Position: In ICT, a position can relate to either the physical location on the page or to whether the
object is behind or in front of another one.
Posture: The position of the user in relation to the computer they are using. Posture is an aspect of
ergonomics.
Potential: An expression of possibility. For example, potential problems are problems that could
possibly happen.
Power: A measurement of a part of the system and its ability to carry out its job. For example, mains
power is 240 volts, or processor power 2.0 Gigahertz (2 000 000 000 cycles per second).
Precautions: Safeguards taken by a user to ensure that nothing goes wrong.
Pre-defined: Having already been set out, like a template.
Prepare: To gather together in advance those things needed for a particular job.
Present: In this case, the showing of a subject to an audience, by using a presentation.

Presentation: In this case, a document that consists of slides used to present (see above).
Presentation graphics: An application that allows a user to prepare a presentation.
Preview: To look at a document before printing to make sure it is what is desired.
Print: To send the data to a printer for printing on paper or another medium. Print also refers to a list of
all records in a table / file matched by a single condition search, which can include all fields or only
selected fields from the records.
Print bureau: Office or department with the special function or job of printing documents.
Printer: A piece of hardware that allows documents held on computer to be printed in readable form.
This can either be on a printer using inks or toners or, in some cases, a special medium, for example
Braille.
Printer type: Printers fall into a number of types which are named for the way they form the print eg
Impact, Jet, Laser or Plotter. Some types of printers are only used in special bureau (offices) where
printing is a speciality.
Printer, paper: Paper made for printing. Some are ordinary (eg A4 sheets) but other jobs require
special paper.
Procedures: The actions a user takes to make sure something happens as it should, eg the
procedure for backing-up a system.
Processing: The work being carried out on the data.
Processor: The person or thing that is doing a job. For example, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is
the main part of the computer that does the work..
Produce hardcopy showing formulas: An option in spreadsheet applications that allows for the
printing of the calculation formulas rather than the product of the calculation.
Program: The set of instructions that make up the software that the computer carries out.
Projector: A piece of hardware allowing the display on a monitor to be projected at a very large size
for viewing by a large group of people, for example when using presentation software.
Promotional material: Material that is produced to market (sell) a product or service.
Proofread: To check a document for errors prior to printing.
Protocols: A set of rules. Usually refers to the internet and working (see http and FTP).
Providers: The person or persons who make a product or service available. For example, the provider
of an internet connection is and Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Publication: A document. Pamphlets, books and magazines are all types of publication.
RAM: Random Access Memory (see memory).
Read: To access a document to see what it says, for example to read an email message or to access
a drive to read the contents into the file manager to see what it contains.
Recipient: The person to whom something is addressed.
Record: In database programmes, the group of fields that hold the data.
Relational operators: Execute searches on fields: text/character; numeric; date; currency.
Reorder: So sort in a different order.
Repetitive strain injury (RSI): When a particular joint is used frequently or incorrectly it can become
damaged. Common terms used for RSI are ‘housemaids knee’ and ‘tennis elbow’. In computing, it is
usually the wrist and neck that are damaged.
Replicate formulas: To copy a formula from one cell to another by dragging from the replication point.
Done in this way, the formula changes to cover the cells in the row or column in which the formula
ends up.
Reply: To send an answer to the author of a letter or email is a reply to the letter.
Report: A statement or story about a specific product or service, often with title, author and headings.
Reposition: To move an object to a different place in a document.
Required, requirement: Something needed to complete a job. For example, required data numbers,
graphics or text to be input into a document or form.
Resize: To make some object larger or smaller than the original.
Resolution: A measure of the quality of output on a monitor or printer usually measured in dots per
inch (DPI).
Restore: To put things back to how they were before work was carried out.
Retrieve: To get something back – for example, to retrieve email documents from a back-up.
Rotate: In graphics manipulation software, an option to turn an object through an angle, which can be
input by the user.
Ruler: A grade at the top and / or side inside a document, allowing users to measure objects in the
document.
Salutation: The opening phrase in a letter eg ‘Dear sir’ or ‘Dear Stephen’.

Sans serif: Sans (without) serif (decorations) – serifs are the small curves added to the ends of a
letter to make it more ornate. If it does not have any it is termed san serif, see also serif. This font
(Ariel) is a sans-serif font.
Save: The act of storing a file onto a medium (floppy disk, hard disk etc) with a name.
Save a database: Unlike other files, databases are saved at the moment they are created. They do
not have to be saved afterwards by the user as they are saved automatically when the user moves
from field to field.
Save and print email messages: Like any document, email can be saved and printed. Saving can
either be in an email format or as plain text. The system will suggest a name but this can be changed
and the required suffix will be added.
Save and print web pages: Like any document, web pages can be saved and printed. Saving can be
either in their HTML format or as plain text. The system will suggest a name but this can be changed
and the required suffix will be added. Printing offers a number of options because web pages are often
coloured and have graphics, which can be turned off for printing. For example, it is a waste of ink to
print a colour background on white paper.
Save as: Make a copy of a document, giving it a different name.
Save, automatic: A facility inside most applications that will automatically save a document after a
given time.
Save, frequent: It is a good idea to save a file often when working on it in case the system should go
wrong or the application stop responding.
Scale: The measure by which a graphic object is made larger or small than the original. Images can
be scaled in either height or width, or the scaling can have a locked aspect ratio (or ‘constrain
properties’) to make both scales stay the same in relation to each other.
Scanned: An image or document that has been input into a computer using a scanner.
Scanner: A piece of hardware connected to a computer. It is similar to a photocopier but, instead of

printing the document, it inputs it to the computer as either a graphical image or as a document.
Screen prompts: Small messages on the screen which ask the user to do something.
Scroll bar:
Search: To look for files on a drive using a File Manager application or to look for web pages or other
files on the internet using a search engine. Inside applications it is possible to search for specific
words.
Search engines: A small web based application allowing a user to search for documents using key
words. There are many search engines but one of the better known is Google. Users can use a single
word, a number of words or even a question. Users who can use advanced search techniques can
even go further and refine their search using quotes (“), plus and minus (+/-) or Boolean Logic
Operators such as AND, OR and NOT.
Search engines use and quote marks: The use of quote marks (“) when tells the search engine that
you are looking for that exact phrase instead of the presence of the words in any order. This reduces
the number of search results and makes them more relevant.
without quotes
with quotes
Searches, meta: In a meta-search engine, you submit keywords in its search box and it transmits your
search simultaneously to several individual search engines and their databases. Some are better than
others.
Security: The safety measures a user puts into a computer to stop other people gaining access.
Select: To choose. For example, to use the mouse to either click on a word or drag across a group of
words to select them or to make a choice about what programme or ISP to use. Once you have made
your choice then it is selected.
Selected areas (spreadsheets): It is possible to print just one area of a spreadsheet that has been
selected by the user. The option is part of Print Options and saves waste of resources when a
spreadsheet is very large.
Self-test: A test carried out by the computer or a peripheral device, usually on start-up, to make sure
everything is operational. For example, the memory check when a PC is switched on is a self-test.
Send / sent: To send a command to the computer or peripheral device. The enter key is also called
the send key because of this.
Send email messages: To transmit an email using software.
Sender: The person who sends something.
Serif: Serifs are the small curves added to the ends of a letter to make it more ornate. If it has these, it
is a serifed font. Without them it is termed san-serif (see also sans serif). This font (Ariel) is a sans-
serif font.
Server: A computer that acts as a controller in a network of computers.

Services, online: An action or job that can be performed over the internet – for example, online
banking.
Set: Either a group of objects that form a graphic, or a number of conditions that will be used to make
a system, application or document appear or act in a certain way eg page setup.
Shape: An area of space defined by a border, for example square, circle, triangle and star are all
shapes.
Shared: Something used by more than one person, especially drives or applications shared over a
network.
Shortcuts: Groups of keystrokes used in combination to perform a job. Each application can be
different and usually the shortcut is shown in bold next to an item on the menu bar. For example,
CTRL+A to select all of a document, CTRL+C to copy and CTRL+V to paste.
Shut: To close something down. This could be a document, application or the computer. For example,
to shut down email software.
Signature: In computing, signatures are either a short piece of text added to (for example) an email to
identify the sender, or a digital signature provided by a third party which encrypts the message to
ensure its privacy. Digital signatures are provided as an online service that must be paid for.
Signing up: The act of choosing a product or service over the internet, for example choosing an ISP
and agreeing to their terms of service and charges.
Size: The measure of how large or small something is. In computing, size can be expressed in scales
of feet and inches, centimetres, points (especially fonts) or pica (4.2mm = 1 pica)
Sketch: A hand-drawn draft of a document showing positioning and appearance of the final document.
Slide: A single page in presentation software is called a slide.
Slide show: A number of slides grouped together to form a presentation.
Software: See programme.
Sort: For example, you can sort the records in a table / file in ascending or descending order or you
can sort your emails by subject, date or sender.
Space: One of the most important things in a document is the use of space because
‘withoutityouwouldnotknowhweretostartorfinish’.
letters in a font, in some cases this can be set by the user in the Format / Font options.:
Spell checker: An automated tool within word processing software that will check for spelling.
Spreadsheet: A document type used in spreadsheet software. It is made up of a number of boxes or

cells, each of which has an identification number (see also cell).
Spreadsheet software: An application used for working with numbers eg Microsoft Excel or Lotus
123.
Standard: The benchmark by which something is measured, eg the level of quality of a finished
document.
Stationery: Items such as paper and envelopes are called stationery. With email, it is possible to
select a theme for the background of the message – this is also called stationery.
Status bar: A bar along the bottom of some applications telling the user about the current activities in
the programme.
Storage: A place where files or messages are saved to. This could be an internal hard drive or a
portable medium such as floppy disk or CD ROM. Storage space is the amount of space available.
Structure: The way a document is laid out on the page.
Structure (text): The format of text, taking into account its purpose.
Style: An attribute of fonts (see attribute).
Subdirectories: A directory or folder inside of another directory or folder (see filing).
Subject: The topic that the user will cover in a message or document.
Subscribing: To sign up to something, for example to subscribe to an Internet Service Provider.
Subscript and superscript: Characters which are printed below subscript or above superscript the subject
line of a piece of text, the size is set by the font in use, it is called a font effect.
Switch: To move from one place / application / folder to another.
System: The main computer, the operating system or an arrangement for storing files.
Systematic: Orderly or organised method of doing something, for example a systematic way of
naming files or directories / folders.
Table: An object in a word-processed document that resembles a group of cells in a spreadsheet.
Table (database): A view in a database that resembles a spreadsheet.
Tabs: A method of aligning text or numbers away from the edge of a document using specified
position. For example, a decimal tab will make sure that all numbers are aligned on the decimal point
instead of to a right hand side. Tabs are set automatically but can be changed by the user.
Tabulation: The structure of text or numbers when entered into a document. This can be in columns,
tables or set to special tabs (see tabs).
Template: The pattern to which a document may be made to fit.
Terms: The conditions of using some service, used in connection with software or the internet. It can
also mean the language used, for example simple language rather than complex technical terms.
Text: A group of characters (letters, numbers or special characters) made into words and sentences.
Text blocks: A block of text (usually used in connection with publishing software) where the text must
be inside a frame, which allows for exact positioning.
Text editor: An editor like notepad for editing text. It is usually very simple and does not usually have
all of the functions available in a word processing application.
Text / label: Used in spreadsheets to identify name tags used on charts and graphs. Also used in
databases when naming field in reports.
Thickness: A measure of size across something rather then in length, for example line thickness.
Titles: Used to identify what a document, chart or presentation is about.
Toner: The material used in a laser printer or photocopier instead of ink – usually a very fine carbon
powder.
Toolbar: A set of icon links to tools available within a particular application.
Transition: The way a change is made from one item to another, especially with slide shows.
Transmission: The act of sending out a message either over a radio, telephone or by email.
Transparencies: A medium for printing documents. They are clear film, usually of A4 size. Because
most inks are water-based, the film needs a special coating to stop the ink running off the plastic.
Type: Can refer to fonts (typography). It can also be refer to hardware eg type of disk, monitor or
printer. It can also refer to software, for example types of application software: word processing,
spreadsheet, database and presentation graphics.
Underline: A font style where all of the letters and spaces are underlined.
Undo feature: To change something back to what it was.
Update files: To revise or files bring up to date with new data.
Upper and lower case: CAPITAL LETTERS are called upper case and small letters are called lower
case.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator. The use of an address of a web page or file that can be retrieved
using one of the internet protocols (usually HTTP). An example of a URL is
http://www.google.com/about.html
VDU: Visual Display Unit. Another term used for a screen or monitor.
Via: By way of.
Video conferencing: A method of holding a conference over the internet. Beside the usual internet
requirements, participants also need a microphone and a webcam.
Virus: A small programme written with the sole aim of damaging computer programmes and
hardware.
Virus checker: A programme that can check a system and the installed programmes for the presence
of a virus.
Virus protection: The installation of a virus checker on a system. Virus software usually has a system
for stopping viruses before they can get onto a system and for removing them if they are found.
Volatile memory: The main memory of a computer is unstable memory that is not fixed. The contents
of volatile memory vanish when the power is removed.
Web pages: Documents written in a special language (see HTML) for displaying on the web.
Window: The area in which an application is used. This is usually made up of a working area bordered
off from the system desk top with scrollbars, tool Bars, menu bar and a status bar.
Word processor: An application that allows for the production of word based documents.
Wrap: Applied to text that continues from one line to the next without using the return key or that
follows on the same line beyond a picture it is then a function of the picture not the text.
Write: To save a file to disk.
Write protection: A method of protecting a floppy disk to make sure that the contents of the disk
cannot be changed or erased. After the has been write protected, the user cannot save documents to
the disk but can copy from it.
www: The World Wide Web.
WYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Get. Used when what you see on the screen is exactly what
you will get from the printer. Can be viewed in print preview.

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e-Quals Technical Glossary for IT Users

Action: To do something is to carry out an action.

Alignment: See align.

Ascending: To go upwards from a starting point, for example from a to z or 1 to 9. Opposite to

The ascii character set:

Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch Hex Ch

BCC: See BC.

Benefits: An advantage of using or having something (see advantage).

Box: A square or oblong holder for something, eg a text box:

Centred: See align.

Change: To edit something in a data file. To replace, for example a 1 with a 0.

Close: To stop using something, eg a file or an application.

Compose: Create or write something, for example a letter or a song.

Connection: The link or bond between two items.

Data storage: The act of storing data onto a medium.

Determine: To work out or decide what features will be included in something.

Duplicate: An identical copy of something.

DVD: Digital versatile disk.

Edit: To change something in a file by adding or removing.

Emphasis: To place prominence on something to bring it to someone’s attention eg by highlighting it.

Field: A data holder within a database.

Font attributes: eg italic, bold, underlined, size, style or colour.

Formulas construction: How do you build up a formula (see spreadsheets).

Formulas for calculated cells: eg =A4+B4-C4; =A4*(B4+C4); =SUM(A1:A7)

Gigabyte: A capacity of bigger drives equal to 1000 Megabytes.

Graphic: A picture object eg a drawing, photograph, chart or Wordart.

Graphical: To show something in graphical format eg to show the numbers in a spreadsheet as a

Hard copy: A document that has been printed.

Homepage: The index page of a website.

Install: To load a programme or utility (eg an application or a font) onto a system.

Invert: Turn upside down or change to a negative value.

ISP: Internet Service Provider.

IT: Information technology

Justification: See alignments.

Keyboard: A peripheral used for data entry.

Kilobyte: 1024 bytes.

Labels: A piece of paper or electronic identification marker attached to something.

Log-off: To close a user session on either a computer or the internet.

Log-on: To access a computer or start an internet session.

Manipulate: To do work on a set of data or numbers to make it useful.

Margins: The clear border surrounding the text in a document.

Maximise: To open to its fullest size.

Message: The main body of text contained in an email or letter.

Multi-slide: A presentation which has more than one slide.

“ Greater than OR Equal to >= xx/xx/xx

City & Guilds in London

Precautions: Safeguards taken by a user to ensure that nothing goes wrong.

Pre-defined: Having already been set out, like a template.

Present: In this case, the showing of a subject to an audience, by using a presentation.

Presentation graphics: An application that allows a user to prepare a presentation.

Preview: To look at a document before printing to make sure it is what is desired.

Processing: The work being carried out on the data.

Promotional material: Material that is produced to market (sell) a product or service.

Proofread: To check a document for errors prior to printing.

RAM: Random Access Memory (see memory).

Recipient: The person to whom something is addressed.

Relational operators: Execute searches on fields: text/character; numeric; date; currency.

Reorder: So sort in a different order.

Reposition: To move an object to a different place in a document.

Resize: To make some object larger or smaller than the original.

Salutation: The opening phrase in a letter eg ‘Dear sir’ or ‘Dear Stephen’.

Save as: Make a copy of a document, giving it a different name.

Scanner: A piece of hardware connected to a computer. It is similar to a photocopier but, instead of

Send email messages: To transmit an email using software.