Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
The Chief Legal Counsel for respondents NASECO and Arturo L. Perez.
Melchor R. Flores for petitioner Eugenia C. Credo.
SYLLABUS
DECISION
PADILLA , J : p
Consolidated special civil actions for certiorari seeking to review the decision *
of the Third Division, National Labor Relations Commission in Case No. 11-4944-83
dated 28 November 1984 and its resolution dated 16 January 1985 denying motions
for reconsideration of said decision.
Eugenia C. Credo was an employee of the National Service Corporation
(NASECO), a domestic corporation which provides security guards as well as
messengerial, janitorial and other similar manpower services to the Philippine National
CD Technologies Asia, Inc. © 2019 cdasiaonline.com
Bank (PNB) and its agencies. She was rst employed with NASECO as a lady guard on
18 July 1975. Through the years, she was promoted to Clerk Typist, then Personnel
Clerk until she became Chief of Property and Records, on 10 March 1980. 1
Sometime before 7 November 1983, Credo was administratively charged by
Sisinio S. Lloren, Manager of Finance and Special Project and Evaluation Department of
NASECO, stemming from her non-compliance with Lloren's memorandum, dated 11
October 1983, regarding certain entry procedures in the company's Statement of
Billings Adjustment. Said charges alleged that Credo "did not comply with Lloren's
instructions to place some corrections/additional remarks in the Statement of Billings
Adjustment; and when [Credo] was called by Lloren to his o ce — to explain further the
said instructions, [Credo] showed resentment and behaved in a scandalous manner by
shouting and uttering remarks of disrespect in the presence of her co-employees." 2
On 7 November 1983, Credo was called to meet Arturo L. Perez, then Acting
General Manager of NASECO, to explain her side before Perez and NASECO's
Committee on Personnel Affairs in connection with the administrative charges led
against her. After said meeting, on the same date, Credo was placed on "Forced Leave"
status for 15 days, effective 8 November 1983. 3
Before the expiration of said 15-day leave, or on 18 November 1983, Credo led
a complaint, docketed as Case No. 114944-83, with the Arbitration Branch, National
Capital Region, Ministry of Labor and Employment, Manila, against NASECO for placing
her on forced leave, without due process. 4
Likewise, while Credo was on forced leave, or on 22 November 1983, NASECO's
Committee on Personnel Affairs deliberated and evaluated a number of past acts of
misconduct or infractions attributed to her. 5 As a result of this deliberation, said
committee resolved:
"1. That, respondent [Credo] committed the following offenses in the Code
of Discipline, viz:
appear relegated to relative insigni cance by the 1987 Constitutional provision that the
Civil Service embraces government-owned or controlled corporations with original
charter; and, therefore, by clear implication, the Civil Service does not include
CD Technologies Asia, Inc. © 2019 cdasiaonline.com
government-owned or controlled corporations which are organized as subsidiaries of
government-owned or controlled corporations under the general corporation law.
The proceedings in the 1986 Constitutional Commission also shed light on the
Constitutional intent and meaning in the use of the phrase "with original charter." Thus
"THE PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Trenas) Commissioner Romulo is
recognized.
MR. ROMULO. I beg the indulgence of the Committee. I was reading the
wrong provision.
I refer to Section 1, subparagraph 1 which reads:
The Civil Service embraces all branches, subdivisions,
instrumentalities, and agencies of the government, including government-
owned or controlled corporations.
My query: Is Philippine Airlines covered by this provision?
MR. FOZ. Will the Commissioner please state his previous question?
MR. ROMULO. The phrase on line 4 of Section 1, subparagraph 1, under
the Civil Service Commission, says: "including government-owned or controlled
corporations." Does that include a corporation, like the Philippine Airlines which is
government-owned or controlled?
MR. FOZ. Yes, we recall the Supreme Court decision in the case of NHA vs.
Juco to the effect that all government corporations irrespective of the manner of
creation, whether by special charter or by the private Corporation Law, are deemed
to be covered by the civil service because of the wide-embracing de nition made
in this section of the existing 1973 Constitution. But we recall the response to the
question of Commissioner Ople that our intendment in this provision is just to
give a general description of the civil service. We are not here to make any
declaration as to whether employees of government-owned or controlled
corporations are barred from the operation of laws, such as the Labor Code of the
Philippines.
MR. ROMULO. Yes.
THE PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Trenas). What does the Committee say?
SUSPENSION OF SESSION
On the premise that it is the 1987 Constitution that governs the instant case
because it is the Constitution in place at the time of decision thereof, the NLRC has
jurisdiction to accord relief to the parties. As an admitted subsidiary of the NIDC, in turn
a subsidiary of the PNB, the NASECO is a government-owned or controlled corporation
without original charter.
Dr. Jorge Bocobo, in his Cult of Legalism, cited by Mr. Justice Perfecto in his
concurring opinion in Gomez vs. Government Insurance Board (L-602, March 31, 1947,
44 O. G. No. 8, pp. 2687, 2694; also published in 78 Phil. 221) on the effectivity of the
principle of social justice embodied in the 1935 Constitution, said:
"Certainly, this principle of social justice in our Constitution as generously
conceived and so tersely phrased, was not included in the fundamental law as a
mere popular gesture. It was meant to (be) a vital, articulate, compelling principle
of public policy. It should be observed in the interpretation not only of future
legislation, but also of all laws already existing on November 15, 1935. It was
intended to change the spirit of our laws, present and future. Thus, all the laws
which on the great historic event when the Commonwealth of the Philippines was
born, were susceptible of two interpretations — strict or liberal, against or in favor
of social justice, now have to be construed broadly in order to promote and
achieve social justice. This may seem novel to our friends, the advocates of
legalism, but it is the only way to give life and signi cance to the above-quoted
principle of the Constitution. If it was not designed to apply to these existing laws,
then it would be necessary to wait for generations until all our codes and all our
statutes shall have been completely changed by removing every provision
inimical to social justice, before the policy of social justice can become really
effective. That would be an absurd conclusion. It is more reasonable to hold that
this constitutional principle applies to all legislation in force on November 15,
1935, and all laws thereafter passed."
Separate Opinions
CRUZ, J., concurring :
Footnotes
* Signed by Guillermo C. Medina, Presiding Commissioner, Gabriel M. Gatchalian and Miguel B.
Varela, Commissioners; the last one concurring in the result.
3. Ibid.
CD Technologies Asia, Inc. © 2019 cdasiaonline.com
4. Ibid., p. 22.
5. Ibid., p. 62.
6. Ibid., p. 63.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., p. 66.
9. Ibid., p. 65.
10. Ibid., p. 25.
14. Ibid., p. 8.
15. Ibid.
18. Constitution (1973), Art. II, Sec. 9; Constitution (1987), Art. II, Sec. 18; Labor Code, Art. III.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
34. Philippine Air Line, Inc. vs. NLRC, 124 SCRA 583; Philippine Air Lines, Inc. vs. NLRC, 126
SCRA 223 and National Service Corporation vs. Leogardo, Jr., 130 SCRA 502.