A furnace is heated by combusting a gaseous fuel of Calculate:

composition 29% CO, 9% CO2, 16% H2 and 46% N2 with

dry air. The Orsat analysis of products of
combustion(POC) is 15% CO2, 7% O2 and 78% N2.
Calculate the following on the basis of 1m3 of gaseous fuel
1. volume of POC at 1000℃
2. Volume of air at NTP
3. Percent excess air
4. % H2O in product
A furnace heats the billet. The furnace is heated by
combusting coal with air. The ultimate analysis of coal is;
72.5% C, 7.5% H, 6.7% O, 1.3% N, 2.5% S, and 9.5% ash.
The moisture content of coal, when fired is 3%. The air is
moist with the relative humidity of 45%. The barometer
shows 735 mmHg and 20℃. The water vapour at saturation
is 17.54 mmHg. The Orsat analysis of products of
combustion is 10.3% CO2, 6.2% O2, 2%CO, and 81.5% N2.
Calculate the ff. on the basis of 1 kg of coal
12. Orsat analysis of the product of combustion
13. kg supplied/kg of fuel gas
14. m3 of air/kg ethane
15. m3 of the products of combustion measure at 400℃,
100 kPa/kg ethane
16. The burning of pure butane with excess air gives a stack
gas which analyzes 11.65% CO2 on a dry basis. Assuming
complete combustion, calculate the % excess air.
A boiler furnace is fired with a dry natural gas containing
only C and H. The flue gas analysis is 10.5% CO2, 0.8%
CO, 3.0% O2, and 85.7% N2. The air enters at 80℉ and 740
mmHg. The vapor pressure of water at 80℉ is 26.3 mmHg.
Calculate:
17. % excess air
18. ft3 of wet air per lb of fuel

5. Percent excess air 19. ft3 of wet flue gas per lb of fuel

6. Volume of air at NTP 20. Analysis of the fuel, assuming if it contains entirely
methane and ethane.
7. Total volume of POC

8. A hydrocarbon is burnt with excess air. The Orsat

analysis of the flue gas shows 10.81% CO2, 3.78% O2 and
85.40 N2. Calculate the atomic ratio of C:H in the
hydrocarbon and the % excess air.

9. If dry hydrogen gas at atmospheric pressure is burnt in a

furnace with 32% excess air. Calculate the Orsat analysis.

10. Natural gas containing 80% CH4, 15% C2H6 and 5%

C3H8 is burnt with 50% excess air. Assuming that 90% of
the carbon in the hydrocarbons are converted to CO 2 and
the rest to CO, determine the flue gas analysis.

11. A natural gas contains 85% CH4 and 15% ethane by

volume. The heats of combustion of CH4 and ethane at
25℃ and 1 atm with H2O vapor as the assumed product are
given:
𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝐻2(𝑔)+ 2𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝐶𝑂2(𝑣) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑣) ∆𝐻𝑐 = −802
𝑚𝑜𝑙
7 𝑘𝐽
𝐶2 𝐻6(𝑔)+ 𝑂2(𝑔) → 𝐶2𝑂2(𝑣) + 3𝐻2 𝑂(𝑣) ∆𝐻𝑐 = −1428
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙

Calculate the bigger heating value of the natural gas.

Pure ethane is burned completely in 20% excess air. Air is

supplied at 25℃, 740 Torr and is substantially dry.