4/30/2019

1. Thin-walled Pressure Vessel

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Cylindrical or spherical vessels are commonly used in
industry to serve as boilers or tanks. When under
pressure, the material of which they are made is
subjected to a loading from all directions. Although
this is the case, the vessel can be analyzed in a simple
COMBINED LOADINGS manner provided it has a thin wall.

Prepared by:
Engr. Jerome Jordan F. Famadico, CE
Instructor

1. Thin-walled Pressure Vessel

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Thin-walled Cylindrical Tank
In general, “thin wall” refers to a vessel having an
A tank or pipe carrying a fluid or gas under a
inner-radius-to-wall- thickness ratio of 10 or more
(r/t ≥ 10). Specifically, when r/t = 10 the results of a pressure is subjected to tensile forces, which
thin-wall analysis will predict a stress that is resist bursting, developed across longitudinal
approximately 4% less than the actual maximum and transverse sections.
stress in the vessel. For larger r/t ratios this error will
be even smaller.
Provided the vessel wall is “thin,” the stress
distribution throughout its thickness will not vary
significantly, and so we will assume that it is uniform
or constant.
Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Tangential Stress (Circumferential Stress) Tangential Stress (Circumferential Stress)
Consider the tank shown being subjected to an internal Applying equilibrium conditions:
pressure p. The length of the tank is s perpendicular to
the drawing and the wall thickness is t. Isolating the
right half of the tank:

Therefore,

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Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Longitudinal Stress Cylindrical Vessels
To determine the longitudinal stress, let us cut the
cylinder across its length as shown.

Therefore,

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Spherical Shell Practice Problems:
If a spherical shell of diameter D and thickness t 1. The tank shown in the figure is fabricated from 10-
contains gas under a pressure of p, the stress at the mm steel plate. Determine the maximum longitudinal
wall can be expressed as: and circumferential stresses caused by an internal
pressure of 1.20 MPa.
Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Practice Problems:
2. A cylindrical pressure vessel is fabricated from steel
plates which have a thickness of 20 mm. The diameter
of the pressure vessel is 500 mm and its length is 3 m.
Determine the maximum internal pressure which can
be applied if the stress in steel is limited to 140 MPa.
Practice Problems:
3. Show that the stress in a thin-walled spherical shell
of diameter “D” and wall thickness “t” subjected to
internal pressure P is given by δ = PD/4t.

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Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Seatwork:
A cylindrical pressure vessel is fabricated from steel
plating that has a thickness of 20 mm. The diameter of
the pressure vessel is 450 mm and its length is 2.0 m.
Determine the maximum internal pressure that can be
applied if the longitudinal stress is limited to 140 MPa,
and the circumferential stress is limited to 60 MPa.
Seatwork:
The tank shown in Fig. P-141 is fabricated from 1/8-in
steel plate. Calculate the maximum longitudinal and
circumferential stress caused by an internal pressure of
125 psi.

2. State of Stress Caused by Combined Loadings 2. State of Stress Caused by Combined Loadings
Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Most often, the cross section of The principle of superposition
a member is subjected to can be used for this purpose
several of loadings (axial force, provided a linear relationship
shear force, bending moment exists between the stress and
and torsional moment) the loads. Also, the geometry of
simultaneously. When this the member should not
occurs, the method of undergo significant change
superposition can be used to when the loads are applied.
determine the resultant stress These conditions are necessary
distribution. in order to ensure that the
stress produced by one load is
not related to the stress
produced by any other load.
Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Practice Problems: Practice Problems:
1. A force of 150 lb is applied to the edge of the member
shown in the figure. Neglect the weight of the member
and determine the state of stress at points B and C.

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Engr. Jerome Famadico

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Practice Problems: Practice Problems:
2. The member shown in the figure below has a 3. The solid rod shown in the figure below has a radius
rectangular cross section. Determine the state of stress of 0.75 in. If it is subjected to the force of 500 lb,
that the loading produces at point C. determine the state of stress at point A .

Engr. Jerome Famadico

Practice Problems: