METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the method and procedure of the study. The study is causal

comparative in nature. The present study was undertaken to find the social issues in

private and public school at secondary level. This section includes a description of

population, sample selection, questionnaire, data collection and data analysis.

Population:

Population of the study was comprised all school students in District Lahore.

Research design:

It was a causal comparative study by design & is concerned with opinion of the

concerned participants about a certain phenomena. For this study survey method was

adopted to collect the data through two questionnaires.

Sampling:

The sample of this study was consisted of three hundred school students, 150 students

from public schools and 150 students from private schools. One hundred and fifty

teachers were also the part of this sample, 75 teachers from public schools and 75

teachers from private schools. Simple random sampling was conducted.

Development of Instrument:

After reviewing the related literature, to know the view about the social issues which

students have in schools, questionnaires were considered as the appropriate instrument

for collection of data. Researchers developed two questionnaires namely “QSIPPS”

“Questionnaire of social issues in private and public schools at secondary level”

The questionnaires were prepared on five points Likert scale. The maximum point 5 was

assigned to Strongly agree and minimum score 1 was assigned to Strongly disagree. One

questionnaire was consisted of 44 statements for students and second questionnaire was

consisted of 32 statements for teachers. Statements of both questionnaires were grouped

into seven factors as following:

QSIPPS for Students:

Sr. # Factors #. of items

1. Values of respect 14

2. Peer pressure 11

3. Bad habits 5

4. Media influence 7

5. Sexual abuse 2

6. Aggression 3

7. Shifted preferences 2
QSIPPS for Teachers:

Sr. # Factors #. of items

1. Values of respect 12

2. Peer pressure 11

3. Bad habits 5

4. Media influence 6

5. Sexual abuse 1

6. Aggression 2

7. Shifted preferences 2

Validation of the instrument:

The questionnaires were duly validated by Pilot testing.. Forty students and twenty

teachers from the target schools were selected for pilot testing and they filled the

questionnaires. Researchers found some mistakes in their questionnaires and then

corrected it in the light of responses and advice by the advisor.

Data analysis:

Data was analyzed in two phases. Mean and standard deviation were calculated by

descriptive statistics and the group means for both sector students. Inferential statistics

was used to see the significant difference among both student group and teacher group.

Where the factors of private and public school educations on the intensity of social issues

prevailing in secondary school students were measured to see a cause & effect
relationally study. It was a retrospective study to identify the effect of private and public

school educations. The two groups were finally compared for different factors. The

optimum factor causing social issues was highlighting and compared between two

sectors.