DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE GRADE 8

(Grade 8-5, 8-9, 8-13, 8-20)

June 20, 2019

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. describe uniform circular motion and its parameters;
B. differentiate speed, velocity, and acceleration;
C. identify the things and events that exhibit uniform circular motion
D.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Circular Motion
B. References: Science Learner’s Module Grade 8, pg. 17-18, www.gktoday.in/uniform-
circular-motion
C. Materials: ball / small rock, string, manila paper, marker

CONCEPTS:
a) Circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or
rotation along a circular path. It can be uniform with constant angular rate of
rotation and constant speed, or non-uniform with changing rate of rotation.
b) Uniform circular motion is the motion of an object traveling at a constant speed
on a circular path.
c) Uniform circular motion involves centripetal acceleration (center-pointing
acceleration) and centripetal force (center-pointing force).

III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

Good afternoon class. Good afternoon Ma’am.

Everyone, please pick up those pieces
Of paper under your chair and put them
Trash bin and arrange your chairs properly.

You may now take your sit.

A. Preparation
a) Review of the past lesson

Last meeting we discussed about

Newton’s laws of motion. Again who
can enumerate those laws of motion?
The Newton’s laws of motion are the law of inertia, law
of acceleration, and law of interaction.
Exactly!
Who can state the law of inertia?
Law of inertia states that “a body at
rest stays at rest, and a body in motion
stays in motion at the same speed in a
straight line unless acted upon by
unbalanced force”.
That’s right!
What about the law of acceleration?
Anyone?

Law of acceleration states that “the

force is directly proportional to the
acceleration and inversely proportional
to its mass”.
Very good!
How about the law of interaction?
 Law of interaction states that “in
every action there’s an equal and
opposite reaction”.
Exactly!
Class, familiarize yourselves with
those laws of motion because those laws
will guide you for better understanding
the concept of our next topic.
Did you understand?
Yes Ma’am.
Do you have any question?
None Ma”am.

B. Motivation
Before we start our discussion, let
me ask you this question. Are you
accelerating right now? Sitting there
without changing your direction, do
you think you are accelerating?
Yes Ma’am.
Why? Anyone who can justify
your answer?
We are accelerating because our
planet orbits the sun, therefore we are
moving in a circle, but we are also
spinning on the Earth’s axis, and I would
say that we are definitely accelerating
because if you are moving in a circle,
uniform or non-uniform, you are in fact
accelerating.

C. Presentation
Again, let me ask another question,
have you tried to ride on a ferris wheel?
Yes Ma’am.
While you were riding on the ferris
wheel, what have you noticed?
I noticed that my speed remains
constant but my direction is
continuously changing.
Very good!
That will be related to our new topic
which is the uniform circular motion.

D. Lesson Proper
What is uniform circular motion?
Uniform circular motion is the
motion of an object traveling at a
constant (uniform) speed on a circular
path.
Okay. Thank you.
An object that moves in a circle at
constant speed is said to experience
uniform circular motion. The magnitude
of the velocity remains constant in this
case, but the direction of the velocity
continuously changes as the object
moves around the circle.
When we say magnitude of the
velocity and direction of the velocity,
what does it mean?
When we say magnitude of the
velocity, it is only referring to its speed
while the direction of the velocity talks
about the velocity itself.
Precisely!
So, based on what Rayma have said, will
you differentiate speed from velocity?
Speed is just how fast you’re
moving. Velocity on the other hand, is
your speed and direction.
Very good!
Between the speed and velocity, where is
the scalar and the vector quantity?
Speed is the scalar quantity and
velocity is the vector quantity.
Exactly!
How did you say that speed is scalar and
velocity is vector? Will you cite an example?
Speed is scalar because it doesn’t
have a direction, while velocity is vector
because it does have a direction. For
example, the speed of the car is 300
miles/hour, and its velocity is 300
miles/hour South.
Very well said.
Now, let’s talk about acceleration.
What is acceleration?

Acceleration is a change in velocity.

That’s right.
So how can something moving in a circle
at constant speed have an acceleration?
Since an object moving in a circle is
constantly changing direction, its
velocity is constantly changing. And
whenever something’s velocity is
changing-even if only its direction, not
its speed, that object must be
accelerating.
Exactly!
So its been proven that we are definitely
accelerating because the Earth in which we
live undergoes circular motion as it rotates
on its axis and revolves around the sun.
But why don’t we feel that we are accelerating?
Anyone, who has an idea?

We don’t feel the we are

accelerating because our Earth is very
big.
Very good!
Class, do you have any question about
the difference among speed, velocity, and
acceleration?
None Ma’am.
If that’s the case, let’s proceed to
centripetal acceleration or a so called
center-pointing acceleration.
For centripetal acceleration, we have the
equation a  vr2 ; where a is the centripetal
acceleration(m/s2), v is the velocity(m/s), and
r is the radius(m).
What does it mean?
Centripetal acceleration is directly
proportional to velocity squared and
inversely proportional to the radius.
Very good!
Take a look on this figure.

Which motion has the largest centripetal

acceleration? Why?
The motion in letter B because it
has a large velocity and a small radius.
Exactly!
Circular motion also requires a net
force, and this force is what we called
centripetal force or center-pointing
force. Is centripetal force considered a
force created by nature?
No Ma’am.
That’s right!
Centripetal force does not indicate
some new kind of force created by nature.
The term merely describes the direction of
the net force needed to provide a circular
path- that is toward the center.
Newton’s second law indicates that
whenever an object accelerates, there
must be a net force to create the acceleration.
What does this statement signifies to
uniform circular motion?
In uniform circular motion, there
must be a net force to produce the
acceleration. A net force is necessary
because otherwise, if no net force were
exerted on the object, it would not
move in a circle but in a straight line.
Exactly!
Consider this figure.

An object on a guideline is in uniform circular

motion. The object is symbolized by a dot, and
at point O, it is release suddenly from its circular
path. If the guideline is cut suddenly, will the
object move along OA or OP ? How ?
The object will move along a
straight line between point O and P,
because according to Newton’s first law
of motion “an object continues in a
state of rest or in a state of motion at a
constant speed along a straight line
unless compelled by changes that state
by a net force”. So, when the object is
suddenly released from its circular path,
 there is no longer a net force being
applied to it. As a result, the object
would move along the straight line
between points O and A, not on the
circular arc between points O and P.
Excellent!
Did you get it class?
Yes Ma’am.
But there is a common misconception that
an object moving in a circle has an outward force
acting on it, a so-called centrifugal (center-fleeing)
force. This is incorrect, there is no outward force
on the revolving object. To prove this, may I have
a volunteer here in front to do the task.
Anyone?
I have here a ball suspended by the string.
In order for a ball to move in a circular motion,
continuously pull the string.
(The student did the task.)
The misconception arises when the “pull”
is interpreted as an outward force pulling on
the ball that is transmitted along the string
to his hand. This is not what is happening at
all. To keep the ball moving, again pull inwardly

the string. The string exerts this force on the ball,

and the ball exerts an equal and opposite force
on the string.
Class, in what law of motion would fall
this situation?
That situation will fall under
Newton’s third law of motion which is
the law of interaction which states that
in every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
Very good!
The force on the ball is the one exerted
inwardly on it by his hand, via the string.

V. AGREEMENT

Give another 3 events or situations that exhibit uniform circular motion.