Introduction

Electricity is the most potential for foundation of economic growth of a country and constitutes
one of the vital infrastructural inputs in socio-economic development .The world faces a surge
in demand for electricity that is driven by such powerful forces as population growth, extensive
urbanization, industrialization and the rise in the standard of living.

Bangladesh, with its 160 million people in a land mass of 147,570sq km. In 1971, just 3% of
Bangladesh’s population had access to electricity .Today that number has increased to around
50% of the population –still one of the lowest in the world-but access often amounts to just a
few hours each day. Bangladesh claims the lowest per-capita consumption of commercial
energy in South Asia, but there is a significant gap between supply and demand. Bangladesh’s
power system depends on fossil fuels supplied by both private sector and state-owned power
system. After system losses, the countries per installed capacity for electricity generation can
generate 3,900-4300 Megawatts of electricity per day; however, daily demand is near 6,000
Megawatts per day. In general, rapid industrialization and urbanization has propelled the
increase in demand for energy by 10% per year. What further exacerbates Bangladesh’s energy
problems is the fact the country’s power generation plants are dated and may need to be
shut down sooner rather than later.

There was no institutional framework for renewable energy before 2008; therefore the
renewable energy policy was adopted by the government. According to the policy an
institution, Sustainable & Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA), was to be
established as a focal point for the promotion and development of sustainable energy,
comparison of renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy conservation. Establishment of
SREDA is still under process. Power division is to facilitate the development of renewable
energy until SREDA is formed.

While the power sector in Bangladesh has witnessed many success stories in the last couple of
years, the road that lies ahead is dotted with innumerable challenges that result from the gaps
that exist between what’s planned versus what the power sector has been able to deliver.
There is no doubt that the demand for electricity is increasing rapidly with the improvement of
living standard, increase of agricultural production, progress of industries as well as overall
development of the country.

Power Generation Scenery in Bangladesh

Severe power crisis compelled the Government to enter into contractual agreements for high-
cost temporary solution, such as rental power and small IPPs, on an emergency basis, much of it
diesel or liquid-fuel based. This has imposed tremendous fiscal pressure. With a power sector
which is almost dependent on natural-gas fired generation (89.22%), the country is confronting
a simultaneous shortage of natural gas and electricity. Nearly 400-800 MW of power could not
be availed from the power plants due to shortage of gas supply. Other fuels for generating low-
cost, base-load energy, such as coal, or renewable source like hydropower, are not readily
available and Government has no option but to go for fuel diversity option for power
generation.

When the present Government assumed the charge, the power generation was 3200 – 3400
MW against national demand of 5200 MW. In the election manifesto, government had declared
specific power generation commitment of 5000 MW by 2011 and 7000 MW by 2013.

Over View of Electricity Last Couple of Year

To achieve this commitment, in spite of the major deterrents energy crisis and gas supply
shortage, government has taken several initiatives to generate 6000 MW by 2011, 10,000 MW
by 2013 and 15,000 MW by 2016, which are far beyond the commitment in the election
manifesto. 2944 MW of power (as of Jan, 2012) has already been added to the grid within three
years time. The government has already developed Power system Master Plan 2010. According
to the Master Plan the forecasted demand would be 19,000 MW in 2021 and 34,000 MW in
2030. To meet this demand the generation capacity should be 39,000 MW in 2030. The plan
suggested going for fuel-mixed option, which should be domestic coal 30%, imported coal 20 %,
natural gas (including LNG) 25%, liquid fuel 5%, nuclear, renewable energy and power import
20%. In line with the Power system Master Plan 2010, an interim generation plan up to 2016
has been prepared, which is as follows:
Table 01: Plants Commissioned During 2009-2011

Power Generation Sector 2009 2010 2011 TOTAL (MW)

(MW) (MW) (MW)
Public – 255 800 1055
Private 356 270 125 751
Q. Rental – 250 838 1088
Total 356 775 1763 2894

*In 2011, 1763 MW commissioned against plan for 2194 MW

Power Generation Units (fuel Type Wise)

Table 02: Installed Capacity of BPDB Power Plants as on April 2012

Plant Type Total Capacity (in MW) (%) Percentage in total

developed power
Gas 5086.00 MW 75.99 %
HSD 682.00MW 10.19%
HFO 335.00 MW 5.01 %
Coal 250.00MW 3.74%
Hydro 230.00 MW 3.44 %
F.Oil 110.00MW 1.64%
Total 6693.00MW 100%

Table 03: Dreaded Capacity of BPDPB Power Plants as on April 2012

Plant Type Total Capacity (in MW) (%) Percentage in total

developed power
Gas 4651.00 MW 76.74 %
HSD 657.00MW 10.84%
HFO 248.00 MW 4.09 %
Coal 200.00MW 3.3%
Hydro 220.00 MW 3.63 %
 F.Oil 85.00MW 1.4%
Total 6061.00MW 100%

OWNER WISE DALY GENERATION REPORT

Table 04: Daily Generation of 25/04/2012

Owner Name Derated Day Peak(MW) Eve. Peak(MW)

Capacity(MW)
PDB 3209.00 1311.00 1516.00
SUB,PDB 223.00 51.00 104.00
EGCB 210.00 80.00 86.00
APSCL 662.00 539.00 567.00
IPP 1260.00 1021.00 1196.00
SIPP,REB 110.00 97.00 81.00
Rental(3 years) 33.00 15.00 0.00
SIPP,REB 215.00 150.00 156.00
Q.Rental 3Years 250.00 162.00 203.00
Rental 15 years 21.00 20.00 13.00
QRPP(5yars) 315.00 136.00 304.00
Others 0.00 49.00 60.00
RPP (3YEARS) 420.00 172.00 281.00
QRPP(3YEARS) 476.00 196.00 198.00
RPP(15YARS) 147.00 125.00 134.00
Total 7551.00 4124.00 4899.00

Table 05: Maximum Generation: Last Six Year

Maximum generation in 2012 6066.00MW as on 22-03-2012

Maximum generation in 2011 5174.00MW as on 23-11-2011
Maximum generation in 2010 4698.50MW as on 20-082010
Maximum generation in 2009 4296.00MW as on 18-09-2009
 Maximum generation in 2008 4036.70MW as on 19-09-2008
Maximum generation in 2007 4130.00MW as on 17-09-2007
Maximum generation in history 6066.00MW as on 2908-2011

Electricity Demand and Supply

Per capita generation of electricity in Bangladesh is now about 252KWh. In view of the
prevailing low consumption base in Bangladesh, a high growth rate in energy and electricity is
indispensable for facilitating smooth transition from subsistence level of economy to the
development threshold. The average annual growth in peak demand of the national grid over
the last three decades was about 8.5%. It is believed that the growth is still suppressed by
shortage of supply. Desired growth is generation is hampered, in addition to financial
constraints, by inadequacy in supply of primary energy resources. The strategy adopted during
the energy crisis was to reduce dependence on imported oil through its replacement by
indigenous fuel. Thus almost all plants built after the energy crises were based on natural gas as
fuel. Preference for this fuel is further motivated by its comparatively low tariff for power
generation.

Power Demand Forecasts (2010-2030)

The adoption scenarios of the power demand forecast in this MP are as shown in the figure
below.

The figure indicates three scenarios; (i) GDP 7% scenario and (ii) GDP 6% scenario, based on
energy intensity method, and (iii) government policy scenario.

Government Policy Scenario Comparison GDP (7%) Comparison GDP (6%)

Scenario
FY Scenario
Peak Demand Generation Peak Demand Generation Peak Demand Generation

(MW) (GWH) (MW) (GWH) ( MW) (GWH)

2010 6454 33922 6454 33922 6454 33922
2011 6765 35557 6869 36103 6756 35510
2012 7518 39515 7329 38521 7083 37228
2013 8349 43882 7837 41191 7436 39084
2014 9268 48713 8398 44140 7819 41097
2015 10283 54047 9019 47404 8232 43267
2016 11405 59945 9705 51009 8680 45622
2017 12644 66457 10463 54994 9165 48171
2018 14014 73658 11300 59393 9689 50925
2019 15527 81610 12224 64249 10255 53900
2020 17304 90950 13244 69610 10868 57122
2021 18838 99838 14249 75517 11442 60640
2022 20443 109239 15344 81992 12056 64422
2023 21993 118485 16539 89102 12713 68490
2024 23581 128073 17840 96893 13416 72865
2025 25199 137965 19257 105432 14167 77564
2026 26838 148114 20814 114868 14979 82666
2027 28487 158462 22509 125209 15848 88156
2028 30134 168943 24353 136533 16776 94053
2029 31873 180089 26358 148928 17768 100393
2030 33708 191933 28537 162490 18828 107207
Table 06: Demand Forecast (3scenario)

Source: Power System Master Plan (PSMP) Study Team

FY- Forecast year*

INSTALLED CAPACITY

NEW GENERATION PLAN OF THE GOVERNMENT (From 2012 to2016) In MW

Power is the precondition for social and economic development. But currently consumers
cannot be provided with uninterrupted and quality power supply due to inadequate generation
compared to the national demand. To fulfill the commitment as declared in the Election
Manifesto and to implement the Power Sector Master Plan 2010, Government has already been
taken massive generation, transmission and distribution plan. The generation target up to 2016
is given below:

YEAR 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 TOTAL

PUBLIC 632MW 1467MW 1660MW 1410MW 750MW 5919MW
PRIVET 1354MW 1372MW 1637MW 772MW 1600MW 6735MW
IMPORT 0 500MW 0 0 0 500MW
TOTAL 1986MW 3339MW 3297MW 2182MW 2350MW 13154MW
Table 07: Power generation addition from 2009-11

*2894 MW Power Generation addition from January 2009 to December 2011

Government Upcoming Nearest plan

Government has taken short, medium and long term plan. Under the short term plan, Quick
Rental Power Plants will be installed using liquid fuels/gas and capable to produce electricity
within 12-24 months. Nearly 1753 MW is planned to be generated from rental and quick rental
power plants.

Under the medium term plan, initiatives have been taken to set up power plants with a total
generation capacity of 7919 MW that is implementable within 3 to 5 years time. The plants are
mainly coal based; some are gas and oil based. In the long term plan, some big coal fired plants
will be set up, one will be in Khulna South and other will be in Chittagong, each of having the
capacity of 1300 MW. Some 300-450 MW plants will be set up in Bibiana, Meghnaghat,
Ashugonj, Sirangonj and in Ghorashal. If the implementation of the plan goes smoothly, it will
be possible to minimize the demand-supply gap at the end of 2012.

Government has already started implementation of the plan. Total 31,355 Million-kilowatt hour
(MkWh) net energy was generated during 2010-11. Public sector power plant generated 47%
while private sector generated 53% of total net generation. The share of gas, hydro, coal and oil
based energy generation was 82.12%, 2.78%, 2.49% and 12.61% respectively. On the other
hand, in FY 2009-10, 29,247 million-kilowatt hour (MkWh) net energy was generated i.e.
electricity growth rate in FY 2011 was 7.21% (In FY 2012 (Jul-Dec, 2011) is 13.2%).

Why do we select this project?

Now fuel crises are increasing day by day in worldwide and it impacts on energy sector to
produce or generate electricity. Big amount of fuel from total reserved of fuel in our country is
used to generate electricity.

Therefore the reserved fuel will be finish in the future. Analysis are thinking to make the strong
energy sector with the rentable energy is one of the major part of the renewable energy to
produce electricity and that is why we have chosen the solar energy system.

The solar system is constructed with various types of ingredients. But here the battery is the
heart of the solar system. The solar energy is not used directly and it is used with the help of
the battery because we get very low D.C voltage from the solar panel. Therefore we need to
use the battery to store this low D.C voltage which is supplied from the solar panel. In a solar
system, the 50% cost is expense for the battery from its total cost. Since the battery is a major
part of the solar system and it is charged perfectly by a controller circuit. If the battery is not
charged perfectly then the charge capacity will be decreasing in a very short time and it also can
be damaged for the overcharging.