API RP 571 Definitions 88

 Terms  
Austenitic    

a term that refers to a type of metallurgical structure (austenite) normally found in 300 Series stainless
steels and nickel base alloys.

Austenitic  stainless  steels    

the 300 Series stainless steels including Types 304, 304L, 304H, 309, 310, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H,
347, and 347H. The "L" and "H" suffixes refer to controlled ranges of low and high carbon content,
respectively. These alloys are characterized by an austenitic structure.

Carbon  steel    

steels that do not have alloying elements intentionally added. However, there may be small amounts of
elements permitted by specifications such as SA516 and SA106, for example that can affect corrosion
resistance, hardness after welding, and toughness. Elements which may be found in small quantities include
Cr, Ni, Mo, Cu, S, Si, P, Al, V and B.

Diethanolamine  (DEA)    

used in amine treating to remove H2S and CO2 from hydrocarbon

streams.

Duplex  stainless  steel    

a family of stainless steels that contain a mixed austenitic-ferritic

structure including Alloy 2205, 2304, and 2507. The welds of 300 series stainless steels may also exhibit a
duplex structure.

Ferritic    

a term that refers to a type of metallurgical structure (ferrite) normally found in carbon and low alloy steels
and many 400 series stainless steels.

Ferritic  stainless  steels    

include Types 405, 409, 430, 442, and 446.

Heat  Affected  Zone  (HAZ)    

the portion of the base metal adjacent to a weld which has not been melted, but the metallurgical
microstructure and mechanical properties have been changed by the heat of welding, sometimes with
undesirable effects.
High  Strength  Low  Alloy  Steels  (HSLA)    

A family of low-carbon steels in which the strength levels are achieved by the addition of moderate
amounts of alloying elements such as titanium, vanadium or niobium in amounts of less than 0.1 per cent.
They can be are more sensitive to cracking during fabrication from hydrogen embrittlement (delayed
cracking) or underbead cracking.

Hydrogen  Induced  Cracking  (HIC)    

describes stepwise internal cracks that connect adjacent hydrogen blisters on different planes in the metal,
or to the metal surface. No externally applied stress is needed for the formation of HIC. The development
of internal cracks (sometimes referred to as blister cracks) tends to link with other cracks by a transgranular
plastic shear mechanism because of internal pressure resulting from the accumulation of hydrogen. The
link-up of these cracks on different planes in steels has been referred to as stepwise cracking to characterize
the nature of the crack appearance.

Low  alloy  steel    

a family of steels containing up to 9% chromium and other alloying additions for high temperature strength
and creep resistance. The materials include C-0.5Mo, Mn-0.5Mo, 1Cr-0.5Mo, 1.25 Cr-0.5Mo, 2.25Cr-
1.0Mo, 5Cr-0.5Mo, and 9Cr-1Mo. These are considered ferritic steels.

Martensitic    

a term that refers to a type of metallurgical structure (martensite) normally found in some 400 series
stainless steel. Heat treatment and or welding followed by rapid cooling can produce this structure in
carbon and low alloy steels.

Martensitic  stainless  steel    

include Types 410, 410S, 416, 420, 440A, 440B, and 440C.

Methyldiethanolamine  (MDEA)    

used in amine treating to remove H2S and CO2 from hydrocarbon streams.

Monoethanolamine  (MEA)    

used in amine treating to remove H2S and CO2 from hydrocarbon

streams.

Nickel  base    

a family of alloys containing nickel as a major alloying element (>30%) including Alloys 200, 400, K-500,
800, 800H, 825, 600, 600H, 617, 625, 718, X-750, and C276.

Stress  oriented  hydrogen  induced  cracking  (SOHIC)    

describes an array of cracks, aligned nearly perpendicular to the stress, that are formed by the link-up of
small HIC cracks in steel. Tensile strength (residual or applied) is required to produce SOHIC. SOHIC is
commonly observed in the base metal adjacent to the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of a weld, oriented in the
through-thickness direction. SOHIC may also be produced in susceptible steels at other high stress points,
such as from the tip of the mechanical cracks and defects, or from the interaction among HIC on different
planes in the steel.

Stainless  steel    

there are four categories of stainless steels that are characterized by their metallurgical structure at room
temperature: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic and duplex. These alloys have varying amounts of chromium
and other alloying elements that give them resistance to oxidation, sulfidation and other forms of corrosion
depending on the alloy content.

ACFM    

alternating current field measurement.

ASCC    

alkaline stress corrosion cracking.

ACSCC    

alkaline carbonate stress corrosion cracking.

AE    

acoustic emission.

AET    

acoustic emission testing.

AGO    

atmospheric gas oil.

AUBT    

automated ultrasonic backscatter testing.

BFW    

boiler feed water.

C2    

chemical symbol referring to ethane or ethylene.

C3    

chemical symbol referring to propane or propylene.

C4    

chemical symbol referring to butane or butylenes.

Cat    

catalyst or catalytic.

CDU    

crude distillation unit.

CH4    

methane.

CO    

carbon monoxide.

CO2    

carbon dioxide.

CVN    

charpy v-notch.

CW    

cooling water.

DIB    

deisobutanizer.

DNB    

Departure from Nucleate Boiling.

DEA    

iethanolamine, used in amine treating to remove H2S and CO2 from hydrocarbon streams.
EC    

eddy current, test method applies primarily to non-ferromagnetic materials.

FCC    

fluid catalytic cracker.

FMR    

field metallographic replication.

H2    

diatomic hydrogen.

H2O    

water.

H2S    

hydrogen sulfide, a poisonous gas.

HAZ    

Heat Affected Zone

HB    

Brinnell hardness number.

HCO    

heavy cycle oil.

HCGO    

heavy coker gas oil.

HIC    

Hydrogen Induced Cracking

HP    

high pressure.
HPS    

high pressure separator.

HHPS    

hot high pressure separator.

HVGO    

heavy vacuum gas oil.

HSLA    

high strength low alloy.

HSAS    

heat stable amine salts.

IC4    

chemical symbol referring isobutane.

IP    

intermediate pressure.

IRIS    

internal rotating inspection system.

K.O.    

knock out, as in K.O. Drum.

LCGO    

light coker gas oil.

LCO    

light cycle oil.

LP    

low pressure.
LPS    

low pressure separator.

LVGO    

light vacuum gas oil.

MDEA    

methyldiethanolamine.

MEA    

monoethanolamine.

mpy    

mils per year.

MT    

magnetic particle testing.

NAC    

naphthenic acid corrosion.

NH4HS    

ammonium bisulfide.

PMI    

positive materials identification.

PFD    

process flow diagram.

PT    

liquid penetrant testing.

RFEC    

remote field eddy current testing.

RT    

radiographic testing.

SCC    

stress corrosion cracking.

SOHIC    

Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking

SS    

Stainless Steel.

SW    

sour water.

SWS    

sour water stripper.

SWUT    

shear wave ultrasonic testing.

Ti    

titanium.

TOFD    

Time of flight diffraction

UT    

ultrasonic testing.

VDU    

vacuum distillation unit.

VT    

visual inspection.
WFMT    

wet fluorescent magnetic particle testing.