Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
BUOYANCY
Buoyancy (also known as the buoyant force) is the force exerted on an
object that is wholly or partly immersed in a fluid.
- The symbol for the magnitude of buoyancy is BF or FB
- As a vector it must be stated with both magnitude and direction.
• Buoyancy acts upward for the kind of situations encountered
in everyday experience.
- As with other forces, the SI unit of buoyancy is the newton [N].
Archimedes' Principle
The magnitude of the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight Figure 3: Unstable Position
of the fluid it displaces.
Righting Moment and Overturning Moment
BF = liqVdisplaced RM = W ( x )
OM = W ( x )
The factors that affect buoyancy are:
a. the density of the fluid,
b. the volume of the fluid displaced, and Metacentric Height
c. the local acceleration due to gravity. MG = MBo GBo
The buoyant force is not affected by:
a. the mass of the immersed object or Use (-) if G is above Bo
b. the density of the immersed object. Use (+) if G is below Bo
6. A hollow cube 1.0 m on each side weighs 2.4 kN. The cube is tied to a
solid concrete block weighing 10.0 kN. Will these two objects tied
together float or sink in water? The specific gravity of the concrete is
2.40.
Figure 2: Stable Position 8. What fraction of the volume of a solid piece of metal of s.g. 7.25 floats
above the surface of a container of mercury?
11. A right circular cone is 50 mm in radius and 170 mm high and weighs
1.5 N in air. How much force is required to push this cone vertex-
downward into ethanol so that its base is exactly at the surface? How
much additional force will push the base 6.5 mm below the surface?
12. The block shown in the figure weighs 21,000 kN. Find the value of h.
13. A cube 0.7m on an edge has its lower half of s.g. = 1.6 and upper half
of s.g. = 0.7. It rests in a two – layer fluid, with lower s.g. = 1.4 and
upper s.g. = 0.8. Determine the h of the top of the cube above the
interface.
16. A rectangular scow 9m wide, 15m long, and 3.6m high has a draft in
sea water 2.4m. Its center of gravity is 2.7m above the bottom of the
scow.
a. Determine the initial metacentric height.
b. Determine the righting or overturning moment when the scow
tilts until one side is just at the point of submergence.
17. A barge floating in fresh water has the form of a parallelepiped having
dimensions 10m by 30m by 3m. It weighs 4,500 kN when loaded with
center of gravity along its vertical axis 4m from the bottom.
a. Find the metacentric height about its longest centerline (Rolling
action).
b. Find the metacentric height about its shortest centerline
(Pitching action).