Chapter

- 11 Three Dimensional Geometry

EXAMPLES

Short Answer Questions

1. If the direction ratios of a line are find the direction cosines of the line.

2 Find the direction cosines of the line passing through the points and

3. If a line makes an angle of with the positive direction of x, y, z-axes,

respectively, then find its direction cosines.

4. The of a point on the line joining the points

is 4. Find its .

5. Find the distance of the point whose position vector is from the plane

6. Find the distance of the point from the line

7. Find the coordinates of the point where the line through

crosses the plane passing through three points .

Long Answer Questions

8. Find the distance of the point (–1, –5, – 10) from the point of intersection of the line
and the plane .

9. A plane meets the co-ordinate axes in such that the centroid of the is

the point . Show that the equation of the plane is

10 Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations
and .
11. Find the co-ordinates of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the point

to the line joining the points and .

12. Find the image of the point in the line .

13. Find the image of the point having position vector in the plane

Objective Type Questions

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Examples 14 to 19.

14.The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point on

the are given by

(A) (B) (C) (D)

15. is a point on the line segment joining the points . If

of is 5, then its is

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) –2

16. If α, β, γ are the angles that a line makes with the positive direction of x,yand z
axes respectively, then the direction cosines of the line are.

(A) (C)

(B) (D)

17. The distance of a point from is

(A) (C)

(B) (D)
18. The equations of in space are

(A) (C)

(B) (D)

19. A line makes equal angles with co-ordinate axes. Direction cosines of this line are

(A) (C)

(B)
(D)

Fill in the blanks in each of the Examples from 20 to 22.

20. If a line makes angles with respectively, then its

direction cosines are __________.

21. If a line makes angles with the positive directions of the coordinate axes,
then the value of is __________.

22. If a line makes an angle of with each of y and z axes, then the angle which it

makes with is __________.

ANSWERS

1. 2. 3. 4. -1 5. 13 7 7.
6.
21 10
8. 13 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (A)

15. (A) 16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (D) 19. (B) 20.

21. 2 22.
 EXERCISE
Short Answer Questions

1. Find the position vector of a point A in space such that is inclined at to OX

and at to OY and

2. Find the vector equation of the line which is parallel to the vector and

which passes through the point .

3. Show that the lines

and intersect each other. Also, find their point

of intersection.

4. Find the angles between the lines and

5. Prove that the line through A (0, –1, –1) and B (4, 5, 1) intersects the line through
and .

6. Prove that the lines and are

perpendicular if .

7. Find the equation of a plane which bisects perpendicularly the line joining the points
and at right angles.

8. Find the equation of a plane which is at a distance units from origin and the

normal to which is equally inclined to coordinate axes.

9. If the line drawn from the point meets a plane at right angle at the

point find the equation of the plane.

10. Find the equation of the plane through the points and

11. Find the equations of the two lines through the origin which intersect the line

at angle of each.

12. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equation
.

13. If a variable line in two adjacent positions has direction cosines and
show that the small angle between the two positions is
given by .

Long Answer Questions

16. Find the foot of perpendicular from the point to the line

. Also, find the perpendicular distance from the given point to the line.

17. Find the distance of a point (2, 4, –1) from the line

18. Find the length and the foot of perpendicular from the point to the plane

19. Find the equations of the line passing through the point and parallel to the

planes .

20. Find the equation of the plane through the points and

perpendicular to the plane .

21. Find the shortest distance between the lines given by

and
22. Find the equation of the plane which is perpendicular to the plane
and which contains the line of intersection of the planes
and .

23. The plane is rotated about its line of intersection with the plane
through an angle . Prove that the equation of the plane in its new position is
.

24. Find the equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes
and , whose perpendicular distance from origin is

unity.

25. Show that the points and are equidistance from the plane

and lies on the opposite side of it.

26. and are two vectors. The position vectors of

the points A and C are and , respectively. Find the position

vector of a point P on the line AB and a point Q on the line CD such that is

perpendicular to and both.

27. Show that the straight lines whose direction cosines are given by
and are at right angles.

28. If are the direction cosines of three mutually

perpendicular lines, prove that the line whose direction cosines are proportional to
makes equal angles with them.
 Objective Type Questions

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Exercises from 29
to 36.

29. Distance of the point from y-axis is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

30. If the directions cosines of a line are then

(A) (B) (C) (D)

31. The distance of the plane from the

origin is

(A) 1 (B) 7 (C) (D) None of these

32. The sine of the angle between the straight line and the plane

is

(D)
(A) (B) (C)

33. The reflection of the point (α, β, γ) in the xy–plane is

(A) (B) (C) (D)

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 34. The area of the quadrilateral ABCD, where

and is equal to

(A) 9 sq. units (B) 18 sq. units (C) 27 sq. units (D) 81 sq. units

35. The locus represented by is

(A) A pair of perpendicular lines (B) A pair of parallel lines

(C) A pair of parallel planes (D) A pair of perpendicular planes

36. The plane makes an angle . The value

of α is equal to

(A) (B) (C) (D)

37. A plane passes through the points . The equation of

plane is __________.

38. The direction cosines of the vector are _______________.

39. The vector equation of the line is ________________.

40. The vector equation of the line through the points is

____________.

41. The Cartesian equation of the plane is ________________.

 ANSWERS

1. 5iˆ +5 2 ˆj +5 k̂ 2. (x –1) iˆ + (y + 2) ˆj + (z – 3) kˆ = λ (3ˆj – 2ˆj + 6kˆ)

3. (–1, – 1, – 1)

⎛ 19 ⎞
4. cos –1 ⎜ ⎟ 7. x + y + 2z = 19 8. x+y+z=9
⎝ 21 ⎠

9. 3x – 2y + 6z – 27 = 0 10. 21x + 9y – 3z – 51 = 0
x y z x y z
11. = = and = = 12. 60°
1 2 –1 –1 1 –2
14. ax + by + cz = a2 + b2 + c2 14. (1, 1)
15. 15° or 75° 16. (2, 6, –2) 3 5

17. 7 18. 6

19. ( x – 3) ˆj + yˆj + (z –1)kˆ = λ (–2iˆ + ĵ +3kˆ)

20. 18x + 17y + 4z = 49 21. 14 22. 51x + 15y – 50z + 173 = 0
24. 4x +2y – 4z – 6 = 0 and –2x + 4y + 4z – 6 = 0
26. 3iˆ + 8ˆj +3 kˆ, – 3iˆ – 7ˆj + 6k̂ 29. D 30. D
31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A
x y z
35. D 36. C 37. + + =1
2 3 4

2 2 –1
38. , , 39. ( x – 5)iˆ + ( y + 4) ĵ + ( z – 6) kˆ = λ (3iˆ + 7ˆj + 2kˆ)
3 3 3
40. ( x – 3)iˆ + ( y – 4) ˆj + ( z + 7)kˆ = λ (–2iˆ – 5ˆj + 13kˆ) 41. x + y – z = 2

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