ANSI/AWWA C562-12

(First Edition)

The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®

AWWA Standard

Fabricated Aluminum
Slide Gates

SM

Effective date: Aug. 1, 2012.

This first edition approved Jan. 22, 2012.
Approved by American National Standards Institute June 5, 2012.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

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AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe
minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifi-
cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional
feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute
endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards
is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or
codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that
the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of
action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action
becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Association publication
of the official notice.

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An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American
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from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. Ameri-
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promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.

Caution Notice: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates
completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI
procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of
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ISBN-13, print:  978-1-58321-898-3 eISBN-13, electronic:  978-1-61300-194-3

ISBN-10, print:  1-58321-898-X eISBN-10, electronic: 1-61300-194-0

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or
quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.

Copyright © 2012 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA

ii

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Committee Personnel
The AWWA Subcommittee for C562, Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates, which developed this
standard, had the following personnel at the time:

Ron Niedzwiecki, Chair

F. Bedard, Rodney Hunt/Fontaine, Magog, Que. (AWWA)

R.M. Scott, Rodney Hunt/Fontaine, Orange, Mass. (AWWA)
T.J. Cluin, Golden Harvest Inc., Pflugerville, Texas (AWWA)
T.H. Newhams, Flow Control Technology, Chesapeake, Va. (AWWA)
D. Niblett, JASH USA, Weldon Spring, Mo. (AWWA)
R. Niedzwiecki, Whipps Inc., Athol, Mass. (AWWA)

The AWWA Standards Committee on Slide Gates, which reviewed and approved this standard,
had the following personnel at the time of approval:

Kirk H. Hipps, Chair

General Interest Members

M.D. Bennett, MWH Global, Cleveland, Ohio (AWWA)

L.C. Gerbig, Lee C. Gerbig LLC, Avon, Ind. (AWWA)
K.H. Hipps, AECOM, Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)
J.E. Koch, HDR Engineering Inc., Burlington, Wash. (AWWA)
D.M. Flancher,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
M.L. Risk,* Standards Council Liaison, District, Mesa, Ariz. (AWWA)

Producer Members

J. Barnard,† Armtec, Guelph, Ont. (AWWA)

F. Bedard,† Rodney Hunt/Fontaine, Magog, Que. (AWWA)
P.E. Brunelle, Rodney Hunt/Fontaine, Orange, Mass. (AWWA)
S. Finlay, Armtec, Guelph, Ont. (AWWA)
S. Lamb,‡ Nickel Institute, Huntington, W. Va (AWWA)

* Liaison, nonvoting
† Alternate
‡ Nonvoting

iii

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

T.H. Newhams, Flow Control Tech., Chesapeake, Va. (AWWA)
D. Niblett, JASH USA, Weldon Spring, Mo. (AWWA)
D. Thomas, Ashbrook Simon-Hartley Operations LP, Houston, Texas (AWWA)
G.E. Whipps, Whipps Inc., Athol, Mass. (AWWA)

User Members

R.J. Alberts, Pasco, Wash. (AWWA)

A. Ali, Metro Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C. (AWWA)
M.R. Johnson, Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement District, Millbury, Mass. (AWWA)
A. Ramankutty, Detroit Water and Sewerage, Detroit, Mich. (AWWA)
G.W. Rood, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
H.C. Suan, Edmonton Public Works, Edmonton, Alta. (AWWA)
J. Weber, MWRDGC, Chicago, Ill (AWWA)
D.C. Wheelock, Lower Colorado River Authority, Austin, Texas (AWWA)

iv

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE
Foreword
I Introduction.......................................vii
I.A Background........................................vii
I.B History..............................................viii
I.C Acceptance........................................viii
II Special Issues.......................................ix
III Use of This Standard...........................ix
III.A Purchaser Options and
Alternatives....................................x
III.B Modification to Standard....................xi
IV Major Revisions...................................xi
V Comments..........................................xi
Standard
1 General
1.1 Scope...................................................1
1.2 Purpose................................................1
1.3 Application...........................................1
2 References...........................................2
3 Definitions..........................................4
Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
SEC. PAGE
4 Requirements......................................5
4.1 Data to Be Provided by
the Supplier....................................5
4.2 Data to Be Provided by the
Manufacturer.................................5
4.3 Materials..............................................5
4.4 General Design....................................7
4.5 Manufacture......................................14
4.6 Installation.........................................15
5 Verification
5.1 Inspection..........................................16
5.2 Test Procedures..................................17
6 Delivery
6.1 Marking.............................................17
6.2 Shipment............................................18
6.3 Affidavit of Compliance.....................18
Appendix
A Force Required to Actuate Fabricated
Aluminum Slide Gates.................19
 This page intentionally blank.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C562.

I. Introduction.
I.A. Background.  A fabricated aluminum slide gate is a vertically sliding
gate, fabricated from rolled or extruded aluminum shapes, with ultra-high-molecular-
weight (UHMW) polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene
seating faces and resilient rubber seals. The slide gate consists of a self-contained
frame or nonself-contained frame and a slide. Examples of where this type of gate is
used include the control of water and wastewater through orifice openings in walls,
at the end of pipes, at the ends of open-top channels or within open-top channels,
and controlling flow at openings in tank walls. Downward-opening gates act as weir
gates. Slide gates are raised and lowered by means of a stem or rod using a manually
operated screw stem hoist, an electrically driven screw stem hoist, or by a hydraulic
or pnuematic cylinder. Gates are mounted directly to concrete walls with anchor
bolts, grouted into blockouts within concrete walls, or bolted to a pipe flange or wall
thimble. Another term used to describe slide gates is sluice gates.
The term slide gate has been adopted for use by a series of standards, which super-
sede ANSI/AWWA C501-92. The standards are
ANSI/AWWA C560—Cast-Iron Slide Gates
ANSI/AWWA C561—Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide Gates
ANSI/AWWA C562—Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates
ANSI/AWWA C563—Fabricated Composite Slide Gates
The slide gates represented by ANSI/AWWA C560 through ANSI/AWWA C563
differ in material and means of sealing between the slide and the fixed frame as
described below.
ANSI/AWWA C560 gates have a cast-iron or cast-ductile-iron slide and frame with
machined metal seating faces and wedges to force the slide to seal between the seating
faces on the slide and frame.
ANSI/AWWA C561 gates have a fabricated, reinforced stainless-steel slide and
frame with UHMW polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene
seating faces and resilient rubber seals.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.

vii

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 ANSI/AWWA C562 gates have a fabricated, reinforced aluminum slide and a
frame with UHMW polyethylene seating faces and seals or UHMW polyethylene
seating faces and resilient rubber seals.
ANSI/AWWA C563 gates have fiberglass reinforced composite-plastic or rigid
compressed plastic slides and frames of either fiberglass-reinforced composite-plastic,
stainless steel, or coated carbon steel, with UHMW polyethylene seating faces and
seals or UHMW polyethylene seating faces and resilient rubber seals.
I.B. History.  The original AWWA standard for slide gates (then referred to
as sluice gates) was approved as tentative on June 26, 1941, and described cast-iron
gates. The tentative standard was revised and approved on June 4, 1967, as AWWA
C501. Subsequent editions were approved in January 1980, June 1987, and June 1992.
Following the latest revision, the Standards Council authorized the development
of additional standards for slide gates to recognize the widespread use of slide gates
similar to ANSI/AWWA C501 gates in performance but manufactured by different
methods and of different materials. For consistency among the new standards and
recognizing the new designs employed, the Standards Council directed that each of the
standards use the name slide gate in lieu of the term sluice gate. The Standards Council
also directed that ANSI/AWWA C501 be redesignated ANSI/AWWA C560, with
subsequent slide gate standards numbered consecutively. This first edition of ANSI/
AWWA C562, Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates, was approved by the AWWA Board
of Directors on Jan. 22, 2012.
I.C. Acceptance.  In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of
the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The
American Water Works Association and the Association of State Drinking Water
Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including

* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.

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Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking
Water, discontinued on April 7, 1990.
2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF*/ANSI† 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Effects.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex,
Water Chemical Codex,‡ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-
dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept
or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certi-
fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an
unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
ANSI/AWWA C562 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additive requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.
II. Special Issues.  This standard has no applicable information for this
section.
III. Use of This Standard.  It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.

* NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

† American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
‡ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20001.

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Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives.  The following items should be
provided by the purchaser:
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C562, Fabricated Aluminum Slide
Gates, of latest revision.
2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System
Components—Health Effects, is required.
3. Number of units required.
4. Type of closure: conventional, flush-bottom, or downward opening.
a. Size, by width and by height of clear opening.
5. Design head measured from the surface of water or wastewater to centerline
of gate, in ft (m), for the following:
a. Seating head.
b. Unseating head.
6. Operating head measured from surface of water or wastewater to centerline
of gate, in ft (m), in both seating and unseating conditions.
7. Type of lift actuator: manual, electric-motor-driven, or hydraulic-cylinder.
If electric-motor-driven or hydraulic-cylinder, the purchaser should refer to ANSI/
AWWA C542, Electric Motor Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates, or ANSI/AWWA
C541, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinder and Vane-Type Actuators for Valves and
Slide Gates, respectively, of latest revision.
8. Conventional mounted frame or self-contained thrust reaction frame.
9. Upward- or downward-opening gate.
10. If hydraulic or pneumatic actuators are specified, provide cylinder operating
media and pressure (refer to ANSI/AWWA C541, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinder
and Vane-Type Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates, of latest revision).
11. Definition of any special design and construction required for conditions
beyond the scope of this standard, such as throttling service, environmental condi-
tions, sediment or grit exposure, and intended operation frequency and duration.
12. Frequency of operation and special operating conditions, such as ice
formation.
13. An installation-requirement drawing showing clearance, wall and floor
thicknesses, details of wall pipe and thimble installation, and location of actuator.
14. Any drawings and material documents required of the supplier or of the
manufacturer (Sec. 4.1 and 4.2).
15. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.3).
16. If test records must be viewed (Sec. 4.3.2).

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 17. Acceptable materials (Sec. 4.3.3).
18. If seals, separate from seats, are to be provided (Sec. 4.3.3.8).
19. Rising stem or nonrising stem (Sec. 4.4.7 and 4.4.10).
20. Type of gate mounting used; if a wall thimble is used, required length and
shape (Sec. 4.4.10).
21. Omission of stem covers if not required (Sec. 4.4.12.6).
22. If a gate position indicator is to be provided with the actuator (Sec. 4.4.12.7).
23. If an actuator stand is needed (Sec. 4.4.13).
24. Weld inspections, if required (Sec. 4.5.1.3).
25. Inspection by purchaser, if required (Sec. 5.1).
26. Leakage tests in the shop (Sec. 5.2.1) and in the field (Sec. 5.2.2), if required.
27. Separate shipment of embedded items, if required (Sec. 6.2).
28. Affidavit of compliance, if required (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modification to Standard.  Any modification to the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions.  This is the first edition of this standard.
V. Comments.  If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at
303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098, or email at standards@awwa.org.

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Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 ANSI/AWWA C562-12
(First Edition)

AWWA Standard

Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates

SECTION 1: General

Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard describes vertically mounted, fabricated aluminum slide gates
with full-aperture closure, designed for either seating or unseating head, or both,
in ordinary water supply and wastewater service. The gates are primarily used to
shut off or throttle water or wastewater flow through a rectangular or round orifice,
end of channel, or in-channel opening. They may be either of conventional-closure
or flush-bottom-closure type and may be opened upward or downward. This stan-
dard also describes manual gate actuator mechanisms together with standard acces-
sories. Power-actuated mechanisms (including electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic) are
described in ANSI/AWWA C541 and ANSI/AWWA C542.

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for
fabricated aluminum slide gates, including materials, general design, manufacture,
testing, inspection, and shipment.

Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving
aluminum slide gates and can also be used as a guide for designing and manufac-
turing fabricated aluminum gates. The stipulations of this standard apply when

1
Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
2  AWWA C562-12

this document has been referenced and then apply only to fabricated aluminum
slide gates in water supply and wastewater service applications.

SECTION 2: References

This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,

they form part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any
case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
AISI* 1117—Standard Designation for Low-Carbon Steel.
AISI 4140—Standard Designation for Low-Alloy Hardenable Steel.
AISI 8620—Standard Designation for Low-Alloy Hardenable Steel.
ANSI†/AWWA C541—Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinder and Vane-Type
Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates.
ANSI/AWWA C542—Electric Motor Actuators for Valves and Slide Gates.
ASME B16.1—Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.
ASME‡ Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX—Welding and Brazing
Qualifications.
ASTM§ A36/A36M—Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel.
ASTM A48/A48M—Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings.
ASTM A126—Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves,
Flanges, and Pipe Fittings.
ASTM A276—Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes.
ASTM A312/A312M—Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and
Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes.
ASTM A376/A376M—Standard Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel
Pipe for High Temperature Central Station Service.
ASTM A380—Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation
of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems.
ASTM A536—Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings.
ASTM A582/A582M—Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
Steel Bars.

* American Iron & Steel Institute, 1140 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036.
† American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
‡ ASME International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
§ A STM International. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates  3

ASTM A743/A743M—Standard Specification for Castings, Iron Chromium,

Iron Chromium Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application.
ASTM A967—Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments
for Stainless Steel Parts.
ASTM B98/B98M—Standard Specification for Copper Silicon Alloy Rod,
Bar and Shapes.
ASTM B139/B139M—Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod,
Bar, and Shapes.
ASTM B179—Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and
Molten Forms for Castings from All Casting Processes.
ASTM B209—Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Sheet and Plate.
ASTM B211—Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Bar, Rod, and Wire.
ASTM B221—Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes.
ASTM B308/B308M—Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy 6061-
T6 Standard Structural Profiles.
ASTM B505/B505M—Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Continuous
Castings.
ASTM B584—Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for
General Applications.
ASTM D471—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
uids.
ASTM D1149—Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration Cracking
in an Ozone Controlled Environment.
ASTM D2000—Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in
Automotive Applications.
ASTM D4020—Standard Specification for Ultra High Molecular Weight
Polyethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials.
ASTM F593—Standard Specifications for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap
Screws, and Studs.
ASTM F594—Standard Specifications for Stainless Steel Nuts.
AWS* D 1.2—Structural Welding Code, Aluminum.

* American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

4  AWWA C562-12

AWS D 1.6—Structural Welding Code, Stainless Steel.

CDA*—Copper Alloy Numbers. (Note: CA precedes alloy numbers defined
by CDA.)
SSPC† SP6 NACE‡ No. 3—Commercial Blast Cleaning.

SECTION 3: Definitions

The following definitions shall apply in this standard:

1.  Constructor:  The party that provides the work and materials for place-
ment or installation.
2.  Design head:  Design head (seating or unseating) is the maximum dif-
ferential head that will actually be applied to the gate, measured from the gate
centerline, under worst-case conditions.
3.  Frame:  The structural members used to attach the gate to the wall or
pipe carrying the water or wastewater to be controlled.
4.  Guide:  Stationary elements attached to the sides of the frame. The gate
slide moves within the guides to open and close.
5.  Manufacturer:  The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
6.  Operating head:  Operating head is the highest differential head on the
gate measured from the gate centerline when the gate must be operated.
7.  Potable water:  Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and
cooking.
8.  Purchaser:  The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
9.  Reclaimed water:  Wastewater that becomes suitable for beneficial use as
a result of treatment.
10.  Seal:  Resilient material attached to the gate slide and/or gate frame to
prevent leakage.
11.  Seat:  Horizontal and vertical bearing surfaces that support the gate
slide. Seats can be attached to the gate frame and/or to the gate slide and can also
serve to prevent leakage.

* Copper Development Association, Greenwich Office Park 2 P.O. Box 1840, Greenwich, CT 06836.
† SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, Sixth Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.
‡ NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates  5

12.  Sill:  The contact surface for the slide on flush-bottom gates.
13.  Slide:  The moving element of the gate that is in contact with water or
wastewater. (The actuator and stem cause the slide to move.)
14.  Supplier:  The party that supplies material or services. A supplier may or
may not be the manufacturer.
15.  Wastewater:  A combination of the liquid and water-carried waste from
residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, together with
any groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that may be present.
16.  Weir gate:  A downward-opening gate where water or wastewater flows
over the top of the gate while the gate is continuously sealed along the bottom and
sides. The gate may or may not be sealed across the top when the slide is in upper-
most (closed) position.

SECTION 4: Requirements

Sec. 4.1 Data to Be Provided by the Supplier

When required by the purchaser, the supplier shall provide certified drawings
and material requirements of the equipment to be supplied under the provisions of
this standard. The drawings shall be in sufficient detail for the purchaser to deter-
mine if the proposed equipment meets the requirements.

Sec. 4.2 Data to Be Provided by the Manufacturer

When required, the manufacturer shall submit, for acceptance by the pur-
chaser, drawings certified as meeting ANSI/AWWA C562, showing the principal
dimensions, general construction, and materials used for all parts of the slide gate
and actuator. Slide gates shall be manufactured and provided in accordance with
these drawings after they have been accepted by the purchaser. The manufacturer
shall also provide illustrated catalog data and parts schedules in sufficient detail to
serve as a guide for assembly and disassembly of the gate and for ordering repair
parts.
Sec. 4.3 Materials
Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water
Act and other federal regulations for potable water, wastewater, or reclaimed water
systems as applicable.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

6  AWWA C562-12

4.3.1  Physical and chemical properties.  The requirements of AWWA,

ANSI, AISI, ASTM, CDA, or other standards referenced in this text shall govern
the physical and chemical characteristics of the slide-gate components.
4.3.2  Tests.  Whenever slide-gate components are to be made in confor-
mance with industry standards that include test requirements or testing proce-
dures, such requirements or procedures shall be met by the manufacturer. The
records of such tests shall be made available if required by the purchaser.
4.3.3  Requirements.  Materials designated hereinafter, when used in slide
gates produced according to this standard, shall conform to the requirements of
the standards designated for each material listed. Materials shall conform to the
following requirements:
4.3.3.1  Frame, guides, slide, yoke, and stem guides.  Aluminum Type
6061-T6 in accordance with ASTM B209 or ASTM B308, or Type 5083-H321.
Stem guides: Stainless steel per ASTM 276, Type 304L, Type 316L, or UHMW.
4.3.3.2  Actuator pedestal and gear housing.  Cast iron per ASTM A126,
class B, or ASTM A48, class 30; steel per ASTM A36; aluminum per ASTM
A356 or ASTM B179; or stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303,* Type 304,
or Type 316, ASTM A312, or ASTM A376; or ductile iron per ASTM A536,
grade 65-45-12.
4.3.3.3  Gears.  Steel per AISI 1117, AISI 4140, or AISI 8620.
4.3.3.4  Thrust nuts.  Bronze per ASTM B584 or ASTM B505.†
4.3.3.5  Stem couplings.  Stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303,
Type 304, or Type 316, or ASTM A582; or bronze per ASTM B584 (CA 863,
CA 865, or CA 873).‡
4.3.3.6  Gate actuator lift nut.  Bronze per ASTM B584 (CA 863, CA 865)
or ASTM B505 (UNS C95800).
4.3.3.7  Seats.  Cast or extruded ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
(UHMW-PE) per ASTM D4020.

* The physical properties of Type 303 stainless steel must be the same as for Type 304. When immersed, Type 303
stainless steel is potentially susceptible to end grain attack at machined or cut faces.
† If bronze is not acceptable, consult manufacturer for alternatives.
‡ Some materials described in the cited documents are subject to dealuminization or dezincification in some waters.
In the absence of specific provisions by the purchaser, any material listed shall be acceptable. However, it is recom-
mended that the purchaser prohibit the use of materials identified as being subject to dezincification or dealumini-
zation unless experience has shown that dezincification or dealuminization has not been a problem.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates  7

4.3.3.8  Seals.  When used, seal material is to be nonmetallic resilient

material such as neoprene, EPDM,* polyethylene, or UHMW-PE per ASTM
D4020. Reclaimed rubber, as described in ASTM D2000, shall not be used.
4.3.3.9  Stem guide bushings.  Cast or extruded UHMW-PE per ASTM
D4020; stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303, Type 304, or Type 316; or
bronze per ASTM B584 (CA 932 or CA 873), ASTM B98 (CA 651 or CA 655),
or ASTM B139 (CA 510).
4.3.3.10  Stems.  Stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303, Type 304, or
Type 316.
4.3.3.11  Anchor bolts and fasteners.  Stainless steel per ASTM F593 or
ASTM F594, alloy group 1 or group 2; or ASTM A276, Type 303, Type 304, or
Type 316.
4.3.3.12  Flush-bottom seal.  Resilient seals for flush-bottom-type gates
shall be extruded, molded neoprene, or EPDM. Reclaimed rubber, as described in
ASTM D2000, shall not be used.
4.3.3.13  Flush-bottom seal retainer.  Stainless steel per ASTM A276,
Type 303, Type 304, or Type 316; or aluminum per Type 6061-T6, ASTM B209,
or ASTM B211.
4.3.3.14  Wedges and pressure pads.  Aluminum per ASTM B209, Type
6061-T6, ASTM B221, or ASTM B308; stainless steel per ASTM A276, Type 303,
Type 304, or Type 316; ASTM A743, grade CF8 or CF8M; or UHMW-PE per
ASTM D4020.
Sec. 4.4 General Design
4.4.1  Frames.
4.4.1.1  Material.  The frame shall be made of aluminum of the specified
grade. Except for seal retainers, members shall be fabricated from aluminum plate,
structural shapes, or aluminum extrusions with a minimum thickness of 1/ 4 in.
(6.4 mm) or a minimum web thickness of 0.19 in. (4.8 mm) from commercially
available structural channels.
4.4.1.2  Design.  The frame shall be designed for the design head indi-
cated, with a minimum safety factor of 5 with regard to ultimate tensile, compres-
sive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 3 with regard to tensile,
compressive, and shear yield strength. In applying the above factors, consideration

* Ethylene propylene diene monomer.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

8  AWWA C562-12

shall be given to the reduced properties of welds. Heat treating of welds is not
permitted. Mating surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure proper operation.
4.4.2  Slides.
4.4.2.1  Material.  The slide shall be made of aluminum of the specified
grade. Except for seal retainers, members shall be fabricated from aluminum plate,
structural shapes, or aluminum extrusions with a minimum thickness of 1/ 4 in.
(6.4 mm) or a minimum web thickness of 0.19 in (4.8 mm) from commercially
available structural channels.
4.4.2.2  Design.  The slide shall be designed for the minimum safety fac-
tor of 5 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a
minimum safety factor of 3 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield
strength. In applying the above factors, consideration shall be given to the reduced
properties of welds. Heat treatment of welds is not permitted. The slide shall have
surfaces to engage the guides for the full length of the slide when fully closed. Slide
deflection shall not exceed 1/ 720 of gate width at maximum design head, or 1/ 16 in.
(1.6 mm), whichever is less. Mating surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure
proper operation. The lateral clearance between the slide and the guides shall be
controlled so as to permit free travel.
4.4.3  Seats and seals.
4.4.3.1  Design.  The gate may have an integral seat/seal system, or a seal
separate from the seat. Seats and seals shall be secured to the frame or to the slide
in a manner to ensure they will remain in place, free of distortion or loosening
during the life of the gate.
4.4.3.2  Seat contact.  The seating/sealing surfaces shall contact their mat-
ing surfaces so as to meet the specified leakage requirements in Sec. 5.2.2.1. Seat
contact pressure shall not exceed 600 psi (4,137 kPa) at the design head. For this
calculation, the top seat and bottom seat, if any, shall not be considered as load
bearing.
4.4.4  Flush-bottom sill.
4.4.4.1  Design.  The design of the sill shall be such as to provide resis-
tance against leakage. The maximum allowable leakage is specified in Sec. 5.2.2.1.
The seal at the sill shall be mounted on the slide or the frame and shall be held
securely in place.
4.4.4.2  Material tests.  Rubber compounds shall be capable of withstand-
ing an ozone-resistance test when tested in accordance with ASTM D1149. The
tests shall be conducted on unstressed samples for 70 hrs at 104°F (40°C) without

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates  9

visible cracking in the surface of the samples after the tests. Rubber compounds
shall have less than 2 percent volume increase when tested in accordance with
ASTM D471, after being immersed in distilled water at 73.4°F ± 2°F (23°C ± 1°C)
for 70 hrs.
4.4.5  Guides.
4.4.5.1  Material.  The guides shall be made of aluminum of the specified
grade. Except for seal retainers, members shall be fabricated from aluminum plate,
structural shapes, or aluminum extrusions with a minimum thickness of 1/ 4 in.
(6.4 mm) or a minimum web thickness of 0.19 in. (4.8 mm) from commercially
available structural channels.
4.4.5.2  Design.  Guides shall be integral with the frame or bolted to the
frame. Guides, including their bolting, if any, shall be designed to resist the design
head indicated and the wedging action, if any, with a safety factor of 5 with regard
to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor
of 3 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. In applying
the above factors, consideration shall be given to the reduced properties of welds.
Heat treating of welds is not allowed. The guides shall support at least one half of
the slide height when the slide is in full-open position. Guides of self-contained
gates shall be designed to adequately support the yoke and resist operating loads
with a safety factor of 5 on the ultimate or 3 on the yield with regard to the tensile,
compressive, and shear strengths of the material.
4.4.6  Yoke.  Self-contained gates shall be provided with a yoke designed
to withstand the thrust of the actuator when an 80-lb (356-N) effort is placed on
the handwheel or crank, with a minimum safety factor of 5 with regard to ultimate
tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 3 with
regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. Yokes for hydraulic
cylinders shall meet the above criteria at the output thrust at maximum working
pressure (not pressure relief valve setting). In addition to the above criteria for
manual operation, yokes for electric actuators shall be designed for a safety factor
of 1.5 with regard to yield strength at the locked-rotor torque of the actuator. Yoke
deflection shall not exceed 1/ 360 of gate width, or a maximum of 1/ 4 in. (6.4 mm),
whichever is less at maximum operating load. The actuator mounting and guide
contact surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure proper stem alignment. The
yoke shall be designed to allow removal of the slide from the gate assembly.
4.4.7  Stem connection.  The stem shall be connected to the slide by a
thrust nut, a through-bolt connection, or a pinned connection. The connection

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

10  AWWA C562-12

shall be designed to prevent rotation of the thrust nut. Rising-stem thrust nuts
shall be threaded and keyed or threaded and pinned to the stem. Nonrising stem
thrust nuts shall be threaded but not keyed. The connection shall be designed to
withstand the stated design load with a minimum safety factor of 5 with regard to
ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of
3 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. The design load
for the stem connection shall be (1) for manual actuators, the output thrust devel-
oped when an 80-lb (356-N) effort is applied to the handwheel or crank; (2) for
electric actuators, 1.5 times the output thrust developed in the motor-locked rotor
torque condition; (3) for hydraulic actuators, 1.5 times the output thrust developed
by the maximum working pressure (not pressure relief valve setting).
4.4.7.1  Nonrising stems.  For upward-opening gates, the stem shall not pro-
trude into the clear opening of the gate when the slide is in the full-open position.
4.4.8  Wedging devices and pressure pads.  Adjustable wedges or pressure
pads shall be provided to ensure seat contact when the gate is fully closed, for
gates with seats that are not self-adjusting, when deemed necessary by the gate
manufacturer to meet the specified leakage. The mating surfaces of these devices
shall be accurately made and of sufficient contact area to ensure proper operation.
Adjusting mechanisms shall be so designed as to remain securely in place after
adjustment.
4.4.9  Assembly bolts, studs, nuts, and anchor bolts.  Assembly bolts, studs,
nuts, and anchor bolts shall be of such size and spacing as required to resist the
design forces with a minimum safety factor of 5 with regard to ultimate tensile,
compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 3 with regard to
the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. Bolting on circular flanged-back
gates mounting to pipe flanges shall mate with class 25-lb or class 125-lb drilling
as specified in ASME B16.1. Mounting bolts or studs shall be of adequate number
and spacing to seal the mounting flange and resist the shearing action caused by
operating forces. Where adhesive anchors or expansion anchors are used, the bolt
loads shall not exceed the bolt manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.4.10  Stem and stem couplings.
4.4.10.1  Material.  The stem shall be stainless steel of the specified grade.
4.4.10.2  Design.  The operating stem shall be rising or nonrising and
shall be designed to withstand both tension and compression loads. For manual
actuators (or electric motor actuators in manual mode) the tension and compres-
sion design loads shall be those caused by the application of an 80-lb (356-N)

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates  11

effort on the crank or handwheel or a 100-ft-lb (136-Nm) torque on a wrench nut.

Where hydraulic cylinder actuators are used, the tension and compression design
loads shall be those caused by 1.5 times the output thrust of the hydraulic cylinder
with a pressure equal to the maximum working pressure (not pressure relief valve
setting) of the hydraulic fluid supply. Where electric motor actuators are used, the
tension and compression design loads shall be those caused by 1.5 times the output
thrust of the unit in the stalled motor condition. The tension design load shall not
exceed one-fifth of the ultimate tensile strength of the stem material. The compres-
sion design load shall be less than the critical buckling load as determined by using
the Euler Column formula,* where C = 2.
4.4.10.3  Threads.  Stem threads that generate gate motion (rising stem
threads at the actuator lift nut or nonrising stem threads at the gate thrust nut) shall
be machine cut or rolled American Standard general purpose Acme or stub Acme
type with a surface finish of 32 micro-inch or better. Stem coupling threads and
rising stem thrust nut threads may be American Standard general purpose Acme or
stub Acme or may be unified screw threads. Where unified screw threads are used,
typically for hydraulic-cylinder stem connections, the pitch may not be finer than
Unified National Coarse (UNC). On rising-stem gates with manual actuators, the
top of the stem shall be provided with a stop collar to be field adjusted according
to the manufacturer’s instructions at the time of gate installation to prevent over-
closing the gate.
4.4.10.4  Coupling.  Where stems are furnished in more than one piece,
the sections shall be joined together by solid couplings. The couplings shall be
threaded and keyed, threaded and bolted, or bolted only when one of the pieces is
made of tubing and shall be of greater strength than the stem.
4.4.10.5  Inverted gates.  For inverted-gate applications where the gate is
lowered to open, a stop collar or other positive means shall be provided to prevent
the loss of the slide from the guides.
4.4.11  Stem guides.  Stem guides shall be provided as required to meet
the stem design requirements of Sec. 4.4.10.2. The stem guide brackets may be
mounted on the gate guides or yoke or may be wall-mounted. Wall-mounted
guides shall provide lateral adjustment between the wall and the guide bracket and
between the guide bracket and the guide for field alignment. Guides, which are

* Euler Column formula: P = Cπ2 EA (r/l )2, where P = axial load on stem, C defines end restraint conditions,
E = modulus of elasticity, l = length or span between supports, r = radius of gyration, and A = area of stem, minor
diameter for threaded portion.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

12  AWWA C562-12

mounted on the gate assembly, shall be designed and fabricated to ensure proper
alignment. The stem guide assemblies and their anchor bolts shall be designed to
maintain the alignment under operating loads. The stem guide shall be bushed
with a maximum diametral clearance of 1/ 8 in. (3.2 mm). Guides shall be placed
according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The length/radius of gyration
of the stem ratio shall not exceed 200.
4.4.12  Manual actuators.
4.4.12.1  Operation.  The manual actuator shall have either a direct-
drive handwheel without reduction gearing, or shall be crank-actuated with
either single- or double-reduction gearing, as necessary to meet lifting capacity
required. The actuator shall be sized to permit slide operation with an effort of
not more than a 40-lb (178-N) pull on the handwheel/handcrank or a 50-ft-lb
(68-Nm) torque on the lift nut or input shaft, depending on the lift type. Maxi-
mum pull or torque to start the slide in motion must not exceed 1.5 times this
amount. Components of the actuator shall be designed to withstand these input
efforts or torques with a minimum safety factor of 5 with regard to ultimate ten-
sile, compressive, and shear strength.
4.4.12.2  General design.  The actuators shall have a bronze lift nut threaded
to fit the operating stem. Lift nuts shall be of high-strength bronze having a mini-
mum tensile strength of 65 ksi,* and a minimum hardness of 94 BHN.† Threads shall
be Acme type and shall have a PV (pressure velocity) factor not exceeding 50,000
(pressure velocity factor is surface feet per minute [SFPM] times contact pressure
in psi [SFPM × psi]) for open/close service and 30,000 for modulating service with
lubrication as specified by the manufacturer. Maximum pressure on the projected
area of thread contact shall not exceed 2,000 psi at normal maximum operating
load. Roller, needle, or ball bearings shall be provided above and below the flange on
the lift nut to take the thrust developed during gate operation. Bearings (and gears)
shall be enclosed in a cast-iron, ductile-iron, or cast-aluminum housing with oil seals,
O-rings, or mechanical seals used to seal the unit. Fittings shall be provided so that
bearings (and gears) can be periodically lubricated, unless permanently lubricated.
The actuator shall be supplied with a pedestal, torque tube, or baseplate; machined
and drilled for mounting the lift housing; and ready for bolting to the operating
floor, top wall mounting bracket, or gate yoke as required.

* ksi—kips per square inch

† BHN—Brinell Hardness Number

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates  13

4.4.12.3  Gear-reducing actuators.  The drive gears used in gear reduc-

tion actuators shall be of steel and accurately machined, with cut teeth to provide
smooth and proper operation. Input shafts shall be stainless steel or steel alloy and
supported by tapered roller or other roller-type bearings designed to withstand
the radial and thrust loads generated during operation. Geared actuators shall be
suitable for operation by use of a portable motor apparatus. If steel input shafts are
used, they shall be suitably plated where exposed.
4.4.12.4  Crank/handwheel.  The crank shall be removable and fitted with
a corrosion-resistant rotating handle. The maximum crank radius shall be 15 in.
(380 mm), and the maximum handwheel diameter shall be 30 in. (760 mm).
4.4.12.5  Opening direction.  The direction of wheel or crank rotation to
open the gate shall be indicated on the actuator. Single-speed actuators shall open
counterclockwise. Two-speed actuators shall open counterclockwise for the low-
mechanical-advantage gear ratio (high-speed pinion shaft).
4.4.12.6  Stem cover.  Each rising-stem unit shall be provided with a stem
cover. The cover shall be made of galvanized steel pipe, aluminum pipe, or clear
plastic pipe that will not discolor, crack, or become opaque for at least five years
after installation. Slotted metal stem covers used to indicate a position shall have
clear plastic windows. The cover shall be of sufficient diameter and length to permit
full travel of the threaded stem without obstruction. The stem cover shall be vented,
drained, and mounted in a housing or adaptor plate for easy field installation.
4.4.12.7  Indicator.  When specified, each rising-stem type actuator with
a solid galvanized steel or aluminum pipe cover and nonrising-stem actuators shall
be provided with a dial or counter-type position indicator to show the position of
the gate at all times. The indicator shall be geared to the actuator.
4.4.12.8  Dual actuators.  Gates 48 in. (1,200 mm) and wider and having
widths greater than twice their height shall be provided with dual stems and with
two manual actuators connected by a tandem shaft for simultaneous operation.
Cross shafting shall be stainless steel or aluminum. Flexible couplings shall be
provided at each end of the cross shaftings.
4.4.13  Powered actuators.
4.4.13.1  Speed of operation.  The normal rate of movement of the slide
during gate operation is 10–14 in./min (254–356 mm/min) under specified operat-
ing conditions.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

14  AWWA C562-12

4.4.13.2  Finish.
4.4.13.2.1  Cleaning and preparation.  Surfaces shall be prepared in accor-
dance with Sec. 4.5.2.1.
4.4.13.2.2  Submerged ferrous surfaces or ferrous surfaces subjected to
splashing.  After cleaning, these surfaces shall be primed and finish-coated in
the manufacturer’s shop with a minimum two-coat high-solids epoxy coating or
equivalent suitable for use in potable water. After coated surfaces are dry, machined
or bearing surfaces and the holes, both plain and threaded, shall be coated with a
protective grease suitable for potable water until time of installation.
4.4.13.2.3  Exposed above-grade ferrous surfaces.  After cleaning, these
surfaces shall be primed and finish-coated in the manufacturer’s shop with a high-
solids epoxy coating or equivalent suitable for outdoor exposure. The coating does
not have to be suitable for potable water.
4.4.13.3  Electric motor actuators.  Electric motor actuators shall be in
accordance with ANSI/AWWA C542, Sec. 4.4, except for lift nut requirements
(Sec. 4.4.12.2), speed of operation, and finish previously noted.
4.4.13.4  Cylinder actuators.  Except for speed of operation and finish
previously noted, cylinder actuators shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWWA
C541, Sec. 4.4, with the exception of piston rods. Piston rods shall be 30,000-psi
(206.8-MPa) minimum yield strength, stainless steel ASTM A276, Type 303,
Type 304, or 17-4 PH stainless steel, hard chrome plated, 0.0005-in. (0.0127-mm)
thick, and shall have a 20-micro-inch (0.000508 mm) finish or smoother.
4.4.14  Surface preparation.  Carbon steel and alloy surfaces shall be pre-
pared in accordance with Sec. 4.5.2.1 and shall have a high-solids epoxy protective
coating or equivalent applied. Coating does not have to be suitable for potable
water unless the actuator is immersed.
Sec. 4.5 Manufacture
4.5.1  Fabrication and Finish.
4.5.1.1  Workmanship.  The gate, slide, and frame shall be fabricated to
within 1/ 8 in. (3.2 mm) squareness, flatness, and dimensional tolerance with respect
to gate opening. Bolt holes shall be accurately located to mounting patterns indi-
cated on the drawings and shall be drilled or punched and free of burrs and defects.
Machined parts shall be accurately machined with interchangeable parts, so that
replacement parts can be furnished at any time and replaced in the field with mini-
mal effort. Parts shall conform to the design dimensions and shall be free from
defects in material and workmanship.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates  15

4.5.1.2  Castings.  Castings shall be clean, sound, and without defects that
could impair their function.
4.5.1.3  Welding.
4.5.1.3.1  Stainless steel.  Stainless steel shall be welded in accordance with
AWS D1.6 and ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.
4.5.1.3.2  Aluminum.  Aluminum shall be welded in accordance with
AWS D1.2.
4.5.1.3.3  Additional inspection.  The purchaser should specify if addi-
tional weld inspection is required. If requested, the specific weld inspection shall
be identified as required in reference to AWS D1.6 or AWS D1.2.
4.5.2  Protective coatings and surface treatment.
4.5.2.1  Items to be protectively coated.  Carbon and alloy steels exposed
to weather shall be protective coated. Surfaces to be coated shall be cleaned per
SSPC SP6 NACE No. 3, dry, and free of grease before coating. After cleaning, the
surfaces shall be primed and finished in the manufacturer’s shop with a high-solids
epoxy coating or equivalent.
4.5.2.2  Noncoated material.  Galvanized or aluminum manual actuator
housings, stem covers, or other hardware do not require protective coating.
4.5.2.3  Stainless-steel cleaning.  Stainless steel does not require protective
coatings for corrosion resistance, and protective coatings are generally not recom-
mended. Stainless-steel parts shall be cleaned, free of grease and dirt, and descaled
in accordance with ASTM A380. Where gates will be exposed to deionized or
high-purity water, stainless-steel parts shall also be passivated in accordance with
ASTM 380 or ASTM A967. Stainless-steel weldments shall be cleaned and free of
slag, weld splatter, and heat tint discoloration.
4.5.2.4  Aluminum cleaning.  Aluminum does not require protective coat-
ings for corrosion resistance, and protective coating is generally not recommended.
Aluminum parts shall be cleaned and free of grease and dirt, and weldments shall
be cleaned and free of slag, weld splatter, and heat tint discoloration.
4.5.2.5  Aluminum coating.  Portions of guides and frames in contact or
embedded in concrete shall be coated with bitumastic paint, epoxy, or polyamide.
Sec. 4.6 Installation
Handle, store, and install the connection device, gate, actuator mechanism,
stem, stem guides, and accessories in accordance with the manufacturer’s drawings
and recommendations. Care shall be taken to avoid warping the gate frame and

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

16  AWWA C562-12

to maintain tolerances between seating faces. Gates, stems, and actuators shall be
plumbed, shimmed, and aligned accurately.
4.6.1  Surface protection.  During construction, the surfaces of the con-
necting device, wall thimble, gate, actuators, and appurtenances shall be covered or
otherwise protected from concrete spillage, paint, oil, and debris. Any damage that
occurs to the connecting device or gate in storage or handling shall be corrected
prior to installation of the gate or operating and testing of the gate.
4.6.2  Slide.  After gates have been completely installed, adjusted, and
properly lubricated, each slide shall be operated for one complete cycle, open-close-
open or close-open-close. Check for proper alignment and for any indications of
binding throughout a complete cycle.
4.6.3  Switch setting.  After installation of gates with electric motor actu-
ators, torque switches shall be adjusted and limit switches set according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations. The gate shall then be operated through one
complete cycle, open-close-open or close-open-close.
4.6.4  Actuator storage. If hydraulic-cylinder actuators are to be stored at the
jobsite for one month or longer, the cylinders shall be filled with oil at the storage
site. If oil-filled cylinders are stored horizontally, they shall be rotated at least once
per month. If electric actuators are to be stored at the jobsite for one month or
longer, provisions shall be made to energize the electrical enclosure strip heaters.
4.6.5  Cylinders.  After installation of gates with hydraulic-cylinder actua-
tors, the alignment of the cylinder with the gate shall be checked by opening the
gate before water or wastewater is turned into the gate chamber. Binding or side
thrust on the cylinder rod shall be eliminated to ensure proper cylinder operation
and long life of seals. Connections shall be carefully checked for leaks. After proper
alignment has been obtained and absence of leaks ensured, the gate, submerged
or subject to normal operating heads, shall be checked through another complete
cycle of operation, open-close-open or close-open-close.

SECTION 5: Verification

Sec. 5.1 Inspection

Work performed under this standard shall be subject to inspection and
approval by the purchaser. The purchaser shall have access to all places of manu-
facture where materials are being produced or fabricated or where tests are being

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates  17

conducted, and the purchaser shall be accorded full facilities for inspection and
observation. Any slide gate or part that does not conform to the requirements of
this standard shall be made satisfactory or shall be rejected and replaced.

Sec. 5.2 Test Procedures

5.2.1  Shop testing.
5.2.1.1  Performance tests.  After completion, seating and wedging sur-
faces shall be cleaned thoroughly of foreign materials, and final adjustments shall
be made. The slide gate shall then be operated in the shop from the fully closed to
the fully open positions to verify that the assembly is functional. A shop leakage
test meeting the requirements of Sec. 5.2.2 shall be made when specified in the
purchaser’s requirements.
Note: Shop leakage tests cannot be carried out for all types and sizes of gates.
Purchasers should consult the manufacturer involved before specifying such tests.
5.2.2  Field leakage test.  A field leakage test may be performed by the pur-
chaser after installation of the slide gate. The manufacturer shall be notified of the
test so as to allow sufficient time to enable a representative of the manufacturer to
be present at the test site. After adjustments have been made and the mechanism
properly lubricated, each gate slide shall be operated through one complete cycle
as a final check on proper operation before starting the leakage test. Seating and
unseating heads shall be measured from the top surface of the water or wastewater
to the center of the gate.
5.2.2.1  Allowable leakage.  Under the design head, seating or unseating,
as specified, the allowable leakage shall not exceed 0.10 gpm/ft (1.24 Lpm/m) of
seating perimeter.

SECTION 6: Delivery*

Sec. 6.1 Marking

Each gate shall be marked by body marking, or a corrosion-resistant name-
plate, or both, that clearly indicates the manufacturer’s name or trademark, gate
size, designation of the maximum working pressure rating of the gate, and year of
manufacture.

* Governmental marking, packaging, and shipping references reflect US requirements. Users of ANSI/AWWA C562
outside the United States should verify applicable local and national regulatory requirements.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

18  AWWA C562-12

Sec. 6.2 Shipment

Slide gates shall be complete when shipped. The manufacturer shall use all
due and customary care in preparing them for shipment to avoid damage in han-
dling or in transit. Particular care shall be taken to make certain that the parts
are completely closed and locked in position before shipment. Parts that are to be
embedded in concrete may be shipped separately if requested by the purchaser.
Slide gates 24 in. (600 mm) and larger shall be bolted securely or otherwise fas-
tened to skids in such a manner that they can be safely handled.

Sec. 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance

The purchaser may require an affidavit from the manufacturer that the mate-
rial provided complies with applicable requirements of this standard.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 APPENDIX A
Force Required to Actuate Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates

This appendix is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA C562.

The maximum force required to actuate a slide gate occurs during the
unseating and raising of the weight of the slide. In closing normally, the downward
motion of the gate and the weight of the stem and slide act in the direction of
motion and reduce the force required.
The force required to actuate the slide is, in part, empirically determined.
The force may be calculated as shown below. For design purposes, the force should
not be taken as less than 50 lb per lineal inch of gate opening height.

F = 62.4 × f × A × H + 1.5 × P1 + P 2
([metric] F = 1,000 × f × A × H + 1.5 × P1 + P 2)
Where:
F = total maximum force required to open slide, lb (N)
f = friction factor of slide against seat
A = area of gate opening, ft2 (m2)
H = head of water or wastewater at gate centerline, ft (m)
P1 = weight of slide, lb (kg)
P 2 = weight of stem, lb (kg)
The friction factor, f, between the slide and the seats may be taken as 0.20
if UHMW-PE seats are used or 1.0 if rubber seals are used. Appropriate changes
in opening force calculations (bearing pressure and friction factor) must be made
if seals, separate from the seats, are used. The weight of the stem and slide should
be obtained from the manufacturer of the gate. It has not been general practice to
reduce the weight of the slide or stem because of the buoyant effect of the water.
The force required to overcome the frictional effect of the wedges is accounted
for by empirically assigning one half of the weight of the slide to the opening force.
On partially opened parallel-closure gates and on wedge-type gates, after
release from the wedges, the force becomes

F1 = 62.4 × f × A × H + P1 + P 2 + P 3
([metric] F1 = 1,000 × f × A × H + P1 + P 2 + P 3)

19

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

20  AWWA C562-12

Where:
F1 = total maximum force required for sustained effort on the actuator, lb
(kg)
P 3 = 62.4 × H × a × c, lb

([metric] P 3 = 1,000 × H × a × c, N)
Where:
a = cross-sectional area of gate slide (gate width × bottom rib plan
dimension), ft2 (m2)
c = coefficient.
P 3 accounts for the down-pull force caused by the flow velocity when the
gate is slightly open. It is significant only on large gates and higher heads. The coef-
ficient varies with the shape of the gate lip. The c coefficient can range from less
than 0 to more than 1.0.
The above forces are based on the use of a handwheel, crank, or electric-
motor-actuated gate where the lift nut turns around a threaded rising stem or
where the threaded stem turns inside a thrust nut on nonrising-stem applications.
When cylinder actuators are employed, it is suggested that the total forces
calculated above are to be multiplied by a 1.3 safety factor when starting the gate
from closed to open.

Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

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Copyright © 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.