DE LA SALLE HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
Department of Pharmacology
School Year: 2017 – 2018

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
EVALUATION # 1
July 17, 2017

ANSWER KEY
NAME: ____________________________________________ STUDENT NO. __________

GENERAL DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer. (68 items)

1. Which of the following is/are composite/s of good prescribing?

a. Knowing what it is you wish to treat and the evidence for the likely efficacy of the
drug treatment you wish to give.
b. Being alert to adverse effects and interactions
c. Choosing the newest launched drug in the market
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

2. Drug A has a volume of distribution of 200L and a half-life of 30 minutes, based on this
statement, you say that Drug A:
a. Is highly hydrophilic
b. Is cleared faster from the body
c. Undergoes zero order elimination
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

3. When a drug is administered orally, the following PK processes occur:

a. Absorption in the gastrointestinal tract
b. Removal of the drug from the plasma
c. Exertion of the drug’s pharmacological action
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

4. Clarithromycin has a Cmax of 50 ug/L and an AUC of 2500 hr- ug/L while Klaricid has a
Cmax of 53 ug/L and an AUC of 2560 hr-ug/L. You say that:
a. Clarithromycin is bioequivalent to Klaricid
b. Clarithromycin is therapeutically equivalent to Klaricid.
c. Clarithromycin can be used interchangeably with Klaricid.
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

5. Which of the following measures can improve patient compliance to drug?

a. Avoidance of adverse effects
b. Manipulations of drug formulations
c. Simple therapeutic regimen
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

6. Which of the following can cause an increase in the fraction of circulating unbound drugs?
a. First trimester of pregnancy
b. Plasma albumin of 45 g/L
c. Displacement by other drugs
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
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7. The reason/s why pharmacological effect is not being translated into a therapeutic effect will
include:
a. Substandard drug
b. Altered protein binding
c. Incidental adverse effects
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

8. Which of the following mechanisms of antimicrobial synergism are TRUE for the
combination of Trimethoprim+Sulfamethoxazole?
a. Blockade of the sequential steps in a metabolic sequence
b. Inhibition of an enzymatic inacativation
c. Inhibition of the cidal activity by static agents
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

9. Antimicrobial combinations should be selected for which of the following reasons?

a. To decrease the emergence of resistant strains
b. To treat polymicrobial infections
c. To decrease dose related toxicity
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

10. Which of the following factors will influence your choice of an antibiotic?
a. Spectrum of activity
b. Ability to be delivered to the site of infection
c. Bacterial resistance
d. All of the above
e. A and B only

11. Drug X has a volume of distribution equal to 25 L and a clearance of 1.5 L/hr. Half-life of the
drug in hours is:
a. 5
b. 8.5
c. 11.55
d. 15
e. 20.30
f. 24

12. If the volume of distribution of the drug is 5L and your target drug concentration in the blood
is 300 mg, your loading dose in mg should be:
a. 300
b. 500
c. 650
d. 1000
e. 1500

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For numbers 13 – 48, TRUE OR FALSE.

Following the phrases or statements are choices, choose whether the items in column A are
CORRECT or INCORRECT.

A. Good example/s of well-tried combination products include/s:

COMBINATIONS ANSWER

13. Terbutaline + Metoprolol INCORRECT

14. Levodopa + Carbidopa CORRECT

15. Ferrous sulfate + Folic Acid CORRECT

16. Estrogen + Progesterone CORRECT

17. Amoxycillin + Sulbactam INCORRECT

B. The potential advantage/s of combination formulations will include:

POTENTIAL ADVANTAGE ANSWER

18. Better compliance CORRECT

19. Safer profile CORRECT

20. Additive effect CORRECT

21. Cheaper CORRECT

C. These drugs produce their pharmacological effects by their direct effect on a receptor:

DRUGS ANSWER

22. Cimetidine CORRECT

23. Propranolol CORRECT

24. Amiodarone INCORRECT

25. Aspirin INCORRECT

D. These are correct drug-pharmacologic effect pairing:

PAIRS ANSWER

26. Zidovudine - inhibits reverse transcriptase of HIV CORRECT

27. Streptokinase - inhibits plasminogen INCORRECT

28. Nifedipine - inhibits transport of sodium INCORRECT

through potential operated channel

29. Salbutamol - inhibits B2 adrenoceptors INCORRECT

30. Loratadine - blocks H2 receptors INCORRECT

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E. Concerns of Clinical Pharmacology

TOPICS ANSWER

31. Rational Drug Use CORRECT

32. Drug Evaluation Monitoring CORRECT

33. Clinical Trial CORRECT

34. Interaction of Drugs CORRECT

F. Statements pertaining to Dose Response Curve

STATEMENTS ANSWER

35. Concentration of the drug at its site of action and the intensity of effect CORRECT

36. LD50 INCORRECT

37. Fraction of the population that respond at each dose against the log of the BONUS
dose administered

38. Efficacy and Potency CORRECT

G. Category X Drugs categorized by FDA:

DRUGS ANSWER

39. Isotretinoin CORRECT

40. Vitamin B6 INCORRECT

41. Misoprostol CORRECT

42. Diethylstilbestrol CORRECT

H. Bypasses first pass effect/presystemic circulation

ROUTES ANSWER

43. Oral INCORRECT

44. Intramuscular CORRECT

45. Subcutaneous CORRECT

46. Rectal INCORRECT

47. Inhalation CORRECT

48. Topical CORRECT

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For numbers 49 – 53, Choose A if the drug/s given to the patient is/are RATIONAL, Choose B if
IRRATIONAL

49. Diarrhea in a 5-year old child prescribed Doxycycline. B

50. 65-year old woman with dementia prescribed Vit C, Vit E, Citicholine and Diazepam. B

51. A 3rd year student with Streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis given Chloramphenicol. B

52. 10-year old child with high grade fever secondary to viral exanthema given Aspirin. B

53. Amlodipine 10mg given three times a day for hypertension. B

For numbers 54 – 58, For the following cases with treatment failures, identify what process of
drug therapy is affected:
A = Pharmaceutical Process C = Pharmacodynamic Process
B = Pharmacokinetic Process D = Therapeutic Process

54. Diarrhea in a 5-year old child prescribed Doxycycline. A patient taking oral hypoglycemic
agent with a bioavailability of 20% noted that his blood sugar is still high despite his regular
intake of the drug. B

55. A patient with decreased GFR, taking Furosemide, came to the clinic complaining that his
medication seems to be not working for his condition. B

56. A patient with severe symptoms of allergy given hydrocortisone sodium succinate still noted
to be grasping for breath. D

57. A diabetic has uncontrolled blood glucose level despite administration of insulin
intracutaneously. B

58. Amlodipine 10mg given three times a day for hypertension. An anemic patient treated with
slow release iron formulation for 30 days still have low hemoglobin levels. B

For numbers 59 – 68, For the following, identify what process will be affected:
A = Pharmaceutical Process C = Pharmacodynamic Process
B = Pharmacokinetic Process D = Therapeutic Process

59. Poor compliance A

60. Bacterial resistance C
61. Tachyphylaxis C
62. Malabsorption state B
63. Hypoalbuminemia B
64. Inappropriate therapy D
65. Incidental adverse effect D
66. Severe disease D
67. Poor quality drugs A
68. Bioinequivalence A

------------------ END OF FIRST EVALUATION ------------------

Note: All answers are based on Moodle.

COMPILED BY: Alfonso Martin E. Plantilla, Group 2B2B

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