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Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures
Propagation of waves at an imperfect boundary between heat conducting micropolar

thermoelastic solid and fluid media
Rajneesh Kumar, Mandeep Kaur, S.C. Rajvanshi,
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Rajneesh Kumar, Mandeep Kaur, S.C. Rajvanshi, (2012) "Propagation of waves at an imperfect boundary
between heat conducting micropolar thermoelastic solid and fluid media", Multidiscipline Modeling in
Materials and Structures, Vol. 8 Issue: 1, pp.63-95, https://doi.org/10.1108/15736101211235985
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Propagation
Propagation of waves at an of waves
imperfect boundary between heat
conducting micropolar
63
thermoelastic solid and
fluid media Received 8 June 2011
Revised 8 September 2011
Accepted 10 September 2011
Rajneesh Kumar
Department of Mathematics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
Mandeep Kaur
Department of Applied Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College,
Ludhiana, India, and
S.C. Rajvanshi
Department of Applied Sciences,
Gurukul Vidyapeeth Institute of Engineering and Technology, Banur, India
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a mathematical model to investigate the
propagation of waves at an imperfect boundary between heat conducting micropolar elastic solid and
fluid media.
Design/methodology/approach – Wave propagation and reflection methods have been applied to
solve the problem. The expressions for reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained. The
corresponding derivation for the normal force stiffness, transverse force stiffness, transverse couple
stiffness and perfect bonding has also been included.
Findings – A computer program is developed and numerical results are computed to obtain the
reflection and transmission coefficients of various reflected waves with incident waves. Some special
and particular cases are also discussed.
Originality/value – In this paper, stiffness effect on these amplitude ratios with the angle of
incidence has been observed and depicted graphically.
Keywords Micropolar solid, Micropolar fluid, Wave propagation, Transmission coefficient,
Normal force stiffness, Transverse force stiffness, Amplitude ratios, Solids, Fluids
Paper type Research paper
1. Introduction
Eringen (1966b) introduced the micropolar fluids in which the local fluid elements were
allowed to undergo only rigid rotations without stretch. Micropolar fluids can support
couple stress, the body couples, asymmetric stress tensor. These possess a rotational Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials
field, which is independent of the velocity of fluid. A large class of fluids such as and Structures
Vol. 8 No. 1, 2012
anisotropic fluids, liquid crystals with rigid molecules, magnetic fluids, cloud with pp. 63-95
dust, muddy fluids, biologicaltropic fluids, dirty fluids (dusty air, snow) over airfoil can q Emerald Group Publishing Limited
1573-6105
be modeled more realistically as micropolar fluids. Various authors notably DOI 10.1108/15736101211235985
MMMS (Eringen, 1990; Yerofeyev and Soldatov, 1999; Yeremeyev and Zubov, 1999; Hsia and
8,1 Cheng, 2006; Hsia et al., 2007) investigated different types of problem in micropolar
fluid and heat conducting micropolar fluid.
The theory of thermoelasticity deals with the effect of mechanical and thermal
disturbances on an elastic body. Lord and Shulman (1967) introduced a generalized
dynamical theory of thermoelasticity. They obtained a wave-type heat equation by
64 postulating a new law of heat conduction to replace the classical Fourier’s law. This
included the heat flux vector as well as its time derivative. It also contained a new
constant that acts as relaxation time. Since the governing equation of this theory is of
the wave-type, it automatically ensures finite speeds of propagation for heat and elastic
waves. The remaining governing equations for this theory, namely, the equations of
motion and constitutive relations, remain the same as those for the coupled and
uncoupled theories of thermoelasticity.
The second generalization to the coupled theory of elasticity is known as the theory
of thermoelasticity with two relaxation times or the theory of temperature-rate
dependent thermoelasticity. Muller (1971), in a review of the thermodynamics of
thermoelastic solids, proposed an entropy production inequality. Using this inequality
he derived restrictions on a class of constitutive equations. Green and Lindsay (1972)
(G-L theory) obtained another version of the constitutive equations. These were also
obtained independently and more explicitly by Suhubi (1975). This theory contains two
constants which act as relaxation times and modifies all the equations of the coupled
theory. The classical Fourier’s law of heat conduction is not violated if the medium
under consideration has a center of symmetry.
Studies of propagation of elastic waves at an interface have long been of interest to
researchers in the fields of geophysics, acoustics and nondestructive evaluation.
Common to all these studies is the investigation of the degrees of interaction among the
interfaces that manifest themselves in the forms of reflection and transmission agents
and give rise to geometric dispersion. These interactions depend upon the mechanical
properties, geometric arrangements, nature of the interfacial conditions and the
loading conditions.
An actual interface between two elastic mediums is much more complicated and has
physical properties different from those of the substrates. A generalization of this
concept is that of an imperfectly bonded interface. In this case displacement across the
surfaces need not be continuous.
Imperfect bonding considered in the present investigation is to mean that the stress
components are continuous, but the displacement field is not. The small vector
difference in the displacement is assumed to depend linearly on the traction vector.
Significant work has been done to describe the physical conditions on the interface by
different mechanical boundary conditions by different investigators. Notable among
them are Rokhlin (1984), Baik and Thompson (1984), Angel and Achenbach (1985),
Pilarski and Rose (1988) and Lavrentyev and Rokhlin (1998).
Recently various authors have used the imperfect conditions at an interface to study
various types of problems (Wang and Zhang, 2003; Chen et al., 2004; Shodja et al., 2006;
Samsan Shariat and Eslami, 2006; Kumar and Singh, 2007; Kumar and Chawla, 2009;
Kumar and Sharma, 2009; Kumar and Singh, 2009). Kumar and Sharma (2009) studied
the effects of viscosity and stiffness on wave propagation in micropolar viscoelastic
media.
In the present investigation, we studied the reflection and transmission of plane Propagation
waves, i.e. longitudinal displacement wave (LD wave), thermal wave (T wave), coupled
transverse wave (CD-I wave and CD-II wave) at an imperfect interface of micropolar
of waves
elastic solid and fluid media. Different cases have been deduced and discussed.
2. Basic equations
Following (Eringen, 1966a; Lord and Shulman, 1967; Green and Lindsay, 1972) the field 65
equations for an isotropic and homogeneous micropolar elastic medium in the context
of generalized theory of thermoelasticity, without body forces, body couples and heat
sources, are given by:

~ › ›2 u~
~ ~
ðl þ 2m þ kÞ7ð7:uÞ 2 ðm þ kÞ7 £ ð7 £ uÞ þ kð7 £ fÞ 2 v 1 þ t1 7T ¼ r 2 ; ð1Þ
›t ›t
›2 f~
ða þ b þ gÞ7ð7:f~Þ 2 g7 £ ð7 £ f~Þ þ kð7 £ u~ Þ 2 2kf~ ¼ rJ^ 2 ; ð2Þ
›t
2
2

›T ›T › ›
K * 7 2 T ¼ rc * þ t 0 2 þ nT 0 þ h0 t0 2 ð7:u~ Þ; ð3Þ
›t ›t ›t ›t
and the constitutive relations are:

›T
t ij ¼ lur;r dij þ mðui;j þ uj;i Þ þ kðuj;i 2 1ijr fr Þ 2 v T þ t1 dij ; ð4Þ
›t
mij ¼ afr;r dij þ bfi;j þ gfj;i ; i; j; r ¼ 1; 2; 3 ð5Þ
where l and m are Lame’s constants. k, a, b and g are micropolar constants. tij are the
components of the stress tensor and mij are the components of couple stress tensor.
u~ and f~ are the displacement and microrotation vectors, r is the density, J^ is the
microinertia, K* is the thermal conductivity, c* is the specific heat at constant strain,
T0 is the uniform temperature, T is the temperature change, n ¼ (3l þ 2m þ k)aT,
where aT is the coefficient of linear thermal expansion dij is the Kronecker delta, e ijr is
the alternating symbol. For Lord Shulman (L-S) theory h0 ¼ 1, t1 ¼ 0 and for
Green-Lindsay (G-L) theory h0 ¼ 0, t1 . 0. The thermal relaxation time t0 and t1
satisfy the inequalities t0 $ t1 $ 0 for G-L theory only.
Following (Ciarletta, 2001), the field equations and the constitutive relations for heat
conducting micropolar fluids without body forces, body couples and heat sources are
given by:
~ 2 b7T f 2 c0 7f *f ¼ 0;
D1 n~ þ ðl f þ m f Þ7ð7 · n~Þ þ k f ð7 £ CÞ ð6Þ
D2 C ~ þ k f ð7 £ n~Þ ¼ 0;
~ þ ða f þ b f Þ7ð7 · CÞ ð7Þ
›T f
K 1* 72 T f 2 bT f0 ð7:n~Þ ¼ r f aT f0 ; ð8Þ
›t
›f * f
rf ¼ 7:n~; ð9Þ
›t
MMMS where:
› ›
8,1 D1 ¼ ðm f þ k f ÞD 2 r f ; D2 ¼ g f D 2 I 2 2k f ;
›t ›t ð10Þ
›
D3 ¼ k f D 2 r f aT 0f ; Dg ¼ g ;ii
›t
and superscript f denotes physical quantities and material constants related to fluid.
66 The constitutive relations are:
t ijf ¼ 2pdij þ sijf ; p ¼ bT f þ c0 f *f ;

sfij ¼ l f grr dij þ ðm f þ k f Þgij þ m f gji ; ð11Þ
mfij ¼ a f nrr dij þ b f nij þ g f nji ;
where gij ¼ vj,i þ e jirCr, nij ¼ Cj,i and l f, m f, k f, a f, b f, g f and c0 are material
constants of the fluid. sijf are the components of stress tensor in the fluid and mijf are the
components of couple stress tensor in the fluid. n~ and C ~ are the velocity vector and
microrotation velocity vector, r f is the density, I is a scalar constant with the dimension
of moment of inertia of unit mass, p is the pressure, K*1 is the thermal conductivity, aT f0 is
the specific heat at constant strain, T f0 is the absolute temperature, T f is the temperature
change, f *f is the variation in specific volume, b ¼ ð3l f þ 2m f þ k f ÞaT f , where aT f is
the coefficient of linear thermal expansion.
3. Formulation of the problem

We consider a homogeneous, isotropic micropolar generalized thermoelastic solid half
space (medium M1 in contact with heat conducting micropolar fluid half space
(medium M2). The rectangular Cartesian co-ordinate system O x1x2x3 have origin on
the surface x3 ¼ 0 with x3-axis pointing vertically into the medium.
We consider two dimensional problem in x1x3-plane, so that the displacement vector
u~ and microrotation vector f~ for the solid medium M1 and velocity vector n~ and
~ for fluid medium M2 are taken as:
microrotation velocity vector C
u~ ¼ ðu1 ðx1 ; x3 Þ; 0; u3 ðx1 ; x3 ÞÞ; f~ ¼ ð0; f2 ðx1 ; x3 Þ; 0Þ;

ð12Þ
n~ ¼ ðn1 ðx1 ; x3 Þ; 0; n3 ðx1 ; x3 ÞÞ; C~ ¼ ð0; C2 ðx1 ; x3 Þ; 0Þ;
For convenience, the following non dimensional quantities are introduced:

0 v*x1 0 v*x3 0 rv*c1 0 rv*c1 0 r c1
x1 ¼ ; x3 ¼ ; u1 ¼ u1 ; u3 ¼ u3 ; n1 ¼ n1 ;
c1 c1 nT 0 nT 0 nT 0
0 r c1 0 rc21 0 rc21
n3 ¼ n3 ; f2 ¼ f2 ; c2 ¼ c2 ; t0 ¼ v*t;
nT 0 nT 0 v*nT 0
0 T 0 1 0 v*
t1 ¼ v*t1 ; T0 ¼ ; t ij ¼ tij ; mij ¼ mij ; ð13Þ
T0 nT 0 c1 n T 0
0 1 f 0 v* 0 0 Tf
tijf ¼ t ; mijf ¼ mf ; f *f ¼ rf *f ; Tf ¼
nT 0 ij c1 nT 0 ij T0
where: Propagation
rc * c21 l þ 2m þ k of waves
v* ¼ ; c12 ¼
K* r
Using the expressions relating the displacement components u1, u3 and velocity
component n1, n3 to the potential functions f s, f f and c s, c f in dimensionless form:
67
›f s ›c s ›f s ›c s
u1 ¼ 2 ; u3 ¼ þ ;
›x 1 ›x3 ›x3 ›x1
ð14Þ
›f f ›c f ›f f ›c f
n1 ¼ 2 ; n3 ¼ þ ;
›x 1 ›x3 ›x 3 ›x1
Making use of equation (13) in equations (1)-(3) and (6)-(9) and with the aid of equations
(12) and (14), we obtain the following equations:

› ›2 f s
72 f s 2 1 þ t1 T 2 2 ¼ 0; ð15Þ
›t ›t
›2 c s
72 c s 2 a1 f2 2 a2 ¼ 0; ð16Þ
›t 2
›2 f2
72 f2 2 a3 72 c s 2 a4 f2 2 a5¼ 0; ð17Þ
›t 2

› ›T › ›2
72 T ¼ 1 þ t0 þ e1 þ h0 t0 2 72 f s ; ð18Þ
›t ›t ›t ›t
›f f
72 f f 2 b1 T f 2 b2 f *f 2 b3 ¼ 0; ð19Þ
›t
›c f
72 c f þ b 4 C 2 2 b 5 ¼ 0; ð20Þ
›t
›C 2
72 C2 2 b6 72 c f 2 b7 C2 2 b8 ¼ 0; ð21Þ
›t
›T f
72 T f 2 b9 72 f f 2 b10 ¼ 0; ð22Þ
›t
› *f
b11 72 f f 2 f ¼ 0; ð23Þ
›t
where:
k rc21 kc21 ^2
rJc 1
a1 ¼ ; a2 ¼ ; a3 ¼ ; a4 ¼ 2a3 ; a5 ¼ ;
mþk mþk gv *2 g
n 2T 0 brc21 c0 c21
e1 ¼ ; b1 ¼ ; b2 ¼ ;
K* v * r ðl f þ 2m f þ k f Þv * v ðl f þ 2m f þ k f Þv * nT 0
MMMS r f c21 kf r f c21 k f c21
b3 ¼ ; b4 ¼ ; b5 ¼ ; b6 ¼ ;
8,1 ðl f þ 2m f þ k f Þv * mf þ kf ðm f þ k f Þv * g f v *2
Ic21 bnT f0 r f aT f0 c21 nT 0
b7 ¼ 2b6 ; b8 ¼ ; b9 ¼ ; b10 ¼ ; b11 ¼
gf v* K* rv *
1 K* v *
1
r f c21
68 › 2
› 2
72 ¼ 2
þ 2
›x1 ›x3
and primes have been suppressed.
4. Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions at the interface x3 ¼ 0 are as:

f ›u3 f ›u 1 f ›f 2
T 33 ¼ K n 2 n3 ; T 31 ¼ K t 2 n1 ; m32 ¼ K c 2 C2 ;
›t ›t ›t
›T f
K*1 ¼ K u ðT 2 T f Þ; T 33 ¼ T f33 ; T 31 ¼ T f31 ; m32 ¼ mf32 ;
›x 3
ð24Þ
›T ›T f
K* ¼ K*1
›x3 ›x 3
where Kn, Kt, Kc and Ku are the normal force stiffness, transverse force stiffness,
transverse couple stiffness and thermal conductness coefficients of unit layer thickness
and having dimensions N sec/m3, N sec/m3, N sec/m and N/msec K.
5. Reflection and transmission

We consider longitudinal displacement wave (LD-wave), thermal wave (T-wave),
coupled transverse and microrotational waves (CD-I wave and CD-II wave)
propagating through the medium M1 which we designate as the region x3 . 0 and
incident at the plane x3 ¼ 0 with its direction of propagating with angle u0 normal to
the surface. Corresponding to each incident wave, we get reflected LD-wave, T-wave,
CD-I and CD-II waves in medium M1 and transmitted LD-wave, T-wave, CD-I and
CD-II waves in medium M2 as shown in Figure 1.
In order to solve the equations (15)-(23), we assume the solutions of the form:
{f s ; T; c s ; f2 ; f f ; f *f ; T f ; c f ; C2 }
n o ð25Þ
¼ f s ; T; c s ; f2 ; f f ; f *f ; T f ; c f ; C2 e i{kðx1 sin u2x3 cos uÞ2vt}
where k is the wave number and v is the angular frequency.

Making use of equation (25) in equations (15)-(23), yield:
V 4 þ DV 2 þ E ¼ 0; ð26Þ
V 4 þ D1 V 2 þ E 1 ¼ 0; ð27Þ
V 4 þ D2 V 2 þ E 2 ¼ 0; ð28Þ
4 2
V þ D3 V þ E 3 ¼ 0; ð29Þ
Propagation
of waves
69
Figure 1.
Geometry of the problem
where:

1 þ ð1 2 ivt1 Þe 1 ðði=vÞ þ h0 t0 Þ 1
D¼2 þ 1; E ¼ ;
ðði=vÞ þ t0 Þ ðði=vÞ þ t0 Þ

a1 a3 1 1 1
D1 ¼ 21 2 ; E1 ¼ ;
v 2 a2 ða5 2 ða4 =v 2 ÞÞ a2 ða5 2 ða4 =v 2 ÞÞa2

v2 ib2 b11 iv b1 b9 v3 ib2 b11
D2 ¼ 12 þ 21 þ ; E2 ¼ 12 ;
b3 v b10 b3 b3 b10 v
v ð1 2 ðib4 b6 =vb5 ÞÞ v2
D3 ¼ þ iv ; E3 ¼ 2 ;
b5 ðb8 þ ði=vÞb7 Þ ðb8 þ ði=vÞb7 Þb5
and V 2 ¼ v 2/k 2.
Equations (26) and (27) are quadratic in V 2, therefore the roots of these
equations give four values of V 2. Corresponding to each value of V 2, there exist
two types of waves in solid medium in decreasing order of their velocities, namely
a LD-wave, T-wave and CD-I, CD-II waves. Let V1, V2 are the velocities of
reflected LD-wave, T-wave and V3, V4 are the velocities of reflected CD-I wave,
CD-II wave in medium M1 Similarly equations (28) and (29) give four velocities
V 1 ; V 2 and V 3 ; V 4 of transmitted coupled LD-wave, T-wave, and CD-I wave, CD-II
wave in medium M2.
MMMS In view of equation (25), the appropriate solutions of equations (15)-(23) for medium
8,1 M1 and medium M2 take the form.
Medium M1:
X
2
{f S ; T} ¼ {1; f i } S 0i e ifki ðx1 sin u0i 2x3 cos u0i Þ2vi tg þ P i ; ð30Þ
i¼1
70
X
4 h i
fc s ; f2 g ¼ {1; f j } T 0j e ifkj ðx1 sin u0j 2x3 cos u0j Þ2vj tg þ P j ; ð31Þ
j¼3
where:
iv 1 2 1=V 2i v 2 a2 2 1=V 2j
fi ¼ fj ¼
;
ðði=vÞ þ t1 Þ a1
and:
P i ¼ S i e i{ki ðx1 sin u0i þx3 cos u0i Þ2vi t} ; P j ¼ T j e i{kj ðx1 sin u0j þx3 cos u0j Þ2vj t}
Medium M2:
*
X
2

{f f ; T f ; f f } ¼ {1; fi ; g i }S i e i{kiðx1 sin ui 2x3 cos ui Þ2vi t} ; ð32Þ
i¼1
X
4

{c f ; C2 } ¼ {1; fJ }T J e i{kJ ðx1 sin uJ 2x3 cos uJ Þ2vJ t} ; ð33Þ
j¼3
where:
!
b9 =V 25 v2 1 i 2ib11
fi ¼ 2
; fJ ¼ 2
2 b5 ; g i ¼ 2
1=V i 2 b10 ði=vÞ b4 V v V
J i
S0i, T0j are the amplitudes of incident (LD-wave, T-wave) and (CD-I, CD-II) waves,
respectively. Si and Tj are the amplitudes of reflected (LD-wave, T-wave) and (CD-I,
CD-II) waves and S i , T J are the amplitudes of transmitted (LD-wave, T-wave) and
(CD-I, CD-II) waves, respectively.
Following (Singh and Tomar, 2008), the extension of the Snell’s law is given by:
sinu0 sinu1 sinu2 sinu3 sinu4 sinu1 sinu2 sinu3 sinu4

¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ð34Þ
V0 V1 V2 V3 V4 V1 V2 V3 V4
where:
v v
Vj ¼ ; V J ¼ ðj ¼ 1; 2; 3; 4Þ at x3 ¼ 0 ð35Þ
kj kJ
Making use of f s, c s, f f and c f in boundary conditions (24) and using Propagation
equations (34) and (35), we obtain the following system of eight non-homogeneous
equations:
of waves
X 8
aij Z j ¼ Y i ; ði ¼ 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8Þ ð36Þ
j¼1
where: sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 71
v2 V2 v2
a1i ¼ 2c1 K n 1 2 i2 sin2 u0 ; a1j ¼ 2c1 K n sinu0 ;
Vi V0 V0
" !!
2 2
V v
a15 ¼ 2 d2f þ d 3f 1 2 12 sin2 u0
V0 V 21 ffi 3
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
u
v u V 2
7
þd1ff f1 þ g 1 d1f þ ic1 K n t1 2 12 sin2 u0 5;
V1 V0
" !!
f f V 22 2 v2
a16 ¼ 2 d2 þ d 3 1 2 2 sin u0
V0 V 22 ffi 3
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
u
v u V 2
7
þd1ff f2 þ g 2 d1f þ ic1 K n t1 2 22 sin2 u0 5;
V2 V
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 0
u
v2 u V2 v
a17 ¼ d3f sinu0 t1 2 32 sin2 u0 þ ic1 K n sinu0 ;
V 3 V0 V0 V0
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
u
2 u V2
f v v
a18 ¼ d3 sinu0 t1 2 42 sin2 u0 þ ic1 K n sinu0 ;
V 4 V0 V0 V 0
u
v u
2 2 2
v Vi 2
a2i ¼ 2c2 K t 2 sin u0 ; a2j ¼ c2 K t t1 2 V j sin2 u ;
0
V0 Vi
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi V 20
u
v2 u V2 v
f
a25 ¼ 2d 4 þ d5 f
sinu0 t1 2 12 sin2 u0 þ ic2 K t sinu0 ;
V 1 V0 V0 V0
u
v2 u V2 v
f
a26 ¼ 2d 4 þ d5 f
sinu0 t1 2 22 sin2 u0 þ ic2 K t sinu0 ;
V 2 V0 V0 V0
" ! ! !
f v
2
V 23 2 f v
2
V 23 2
a27 ¼ d4 1 2 2 2 sin u0 þ d5 1 2 2 sin u0 2 f 3
V 23 V0
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi V 23 V0
u
v u 2
t1 2 V 3 sin2 u ;
þ i c2 K t 0
V3 V 20
" !
MMMS v2 V 24
a28 ¼ df4 122 sin2 u0
8,1 V 24 V 20
! !
v2 V 24
þdf5 12 sin u0 2 f 4 2
V 24 V 20
72 vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi3
u
v u 2
t1 2 V 4 sin2 u 7;
þic2 K t 05
V4 V 20
a3i ¼ 0; a3j ¼ ic3 K c vf j ; a35 ¼ 0; a36 ¼ 0;

0 vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi1
u
B v u 2
t1 2 V 3 sin2 u Cf ;
a37 ¼ @c3 K c 2 i 0A 3
V3 V 20
u
v u 2
t1 2 V 4 sin2 u f ;
a38 ¼ ip1 0 4
V4 V 20
a4i ¼ c4 K u f i ; a4j ¼ 0;
2 vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 3
u
u V 2
6 v t 7
a45 ¼ 4i 1 2 12 sin2 u0 2 c4 K u 5f 1 ;
V1 V0
2 vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 3
u
u V 2
6 v t 7
a46 ¼ 4i 1 2 22 sin2 u0 2 c4 K u 5f 2 ; a47 ¼ 0; a48 ¼ 0;
V2 V0
!!
V 21 v2
a51 ¼ d1 þ d2 1 2 2
sin2 u0 þ ð1 2 t1 ivÞf 1 ;
V0 V 21
!!
V 22 2 v2
a52 ¼ d 1 þ d2 1 2 2 sin u0 þ ð1 2 t1 ivÞf 2 ;
V0 V 22
u
v2 u V 2j
a5j ¼ d2 sinu0 t1 2 2 sin2 u0 ;
Vj V0 V0
" !! #
f f V 21 2 v2 ff f
a55 ¼ 2 d2 þ d3 1 2 2 sin u0 þ d1 f 1 þ g1 d1 ;
V0 V 21
" !! #
V 22 v2 Propagation
a56 ¼ 2 d f2 þ df3 12 sin2 u0 þ d ff1 f 2 þ g2 df1 ;
V0 2
V 22 of waves
u
2 u V2
f v
a57 ¼ d3 sinu0 t1 2 32 sin2 u0 ;
V 3 V0 V0
u
73
v2 u V2
a58 ¼ df3 sinu0 t1 2 42 sin2 u0 ;
V 4 V0 V0
sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
v2 V2
a6i ¼ 2ð2d4 þ d 5 Þ sinu0 1 2 i2 sin2 u0 ;
V iV 0 V0
!
v2 V 2j 2
a6j ¼ d4 2 12 sin u0
Vj V 20
!
v2 2
2ðd4 þ d5 Þ 2 sin u0 2 d5 f j ;
V0
0vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi1
u
v2 u V2
f f Bt C
a65 ¼ 2 2d 4 þ d5 @ 1 2 12 sin2 u0 Asinu0 ;
V 1 V0 V0
0vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi1
u
v2 u V2
f f Bt C
a66 ¼ 2 2d 4 þ d5 @ 1 2 22 sin2 u0 Asinu0 ;
V 2 V0 V0
" !
v2 V 23
a67 ¼ 2 df4 122 2
sin u0
V 23 V 20
! !#
v2 V 23
þ df5 12 2
sin u0 2 f3 ;
V 23 V 20
" !
v2 V 24
a68 ¼ 2 df4 122 2
sin u0
V 24 V 20
! !
v2 V 24
þ df5 sin u0 2 f 3 ;
12 2
V 24 V 20
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
u
vu V 2j
a7i ¼ 0; a7j ¼ i t1 2 2 sin2 u0 f j ;
Vj V0
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
MMMS u
v u 2
t1 2 V 3 sin2 u f ;
8,1 a75 ¼ 0; a76 ¼ 0; a77 ¼ ip1 0 3
V3 V 20
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
u
v u 2
t1 2 V 4 sin2 u f ; v V2
a78 ¼ ip1 0 4 a8i ¼ i 1 2 i2 sin2 u0 f i ; a8j ¼ 0;
74 V4 V 20 Vi V0 ð37Þ
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
u u
u V2 u V2
a85 ¼ ip2 t1 2 12 sin2 u0 f 1 ; a86 ¼ ip2 t1 2 22 sin2 u0 f 2 ; a87 ¼ 0;
V0 V0
a88 ¼ 0 ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ
where:
l ð2m þ kÞ 2m d2 b c0
d1 ¼ ; d2 ¼ ; d4 ¼ ; d5 ¼ ; d ff1 ¼ ; df1 ¼ ;
rc21 rc21 rc21 2 v rvT 0
lf v* ð2m f þ k f Þv * mf v* kf v*
df2 ¼ ; df3 ¼ ; d f4 ¼ ; df5 ¼ ;
rc21 rc21 rc21 rc21
v *g f K*1
p1 ¼ ; p2 ¼
g K*
The phase of the reflected waves for the incident LD-wave, T-wave and CD-II
waves can be written by using equations (34) and (35) as:
" #1=2
cosui 1 V0 2 2
¼ 2sin u0 ;
Vi V0 Vi
" 2 #1=2
cosuj 1 V0 2
¼ 2sin u0 ;
Vj V0 Vj
Following (Schoenberg, 1971), if we write:

0
cosui cosui ci
¼ 0 þ ; ði ¼ 1; 2; 3; 4; 5Þ then
Vi Vi V 0 2p
8" #1=2 9
0 < 2 =
cosui 1 V0
0 ¼ Re 2sin2 u0 ;
Vi V0 : Vi ;
8" #1=2 9
< V 2 =
0
ci ¼ 2pIm 2sin2 u0 ;
: Vi ;
0 0
where V i ; the real phase speed and ui ; the angle of reflection are given by: Propagation
2 " #1=2 3 of waves
0 0 2
Vi sinui V 0
¼ sin2 u0 þ 4 Re 2 2sin2 u0 5 21=2 ;
V 0 sinu0 Vi
and ci, the attenuation in a depth is equal to the wavelength of incident wave,
i.e. 2p(V0/v):
75
(1) For incident LD-wave:
A * ¼ S 01 ; S 02 ¼ T 03 ¼ T 04 ¼ 0; Y 1 ¼ a11 ; Y 2 ¼ 2a21 ;
Y 3 ¼ a31 ¼ 0; Y 4 ¼ 2a41 ; Y 5 ¼ 2a51 ; Y 6 ¼ a61 ;
Y 7 ¼ a71 ¼ 0; Y 8 ¼ a81
(2) For incident T-wave:

A * ¼ S 02 ; S 01 ¼ T 03 ¼ T 04 ¼ 0; Y 1 ¼ a12 ; Y 2 ¼ 2a22 ;
Y 3 ¼ a32 ¼ 0; Y 4 ¼ 2a42 ; Y 5 ¼ 2a52 ; Y 6 ¼ a62 ; Y 7 ¼ a72 ¼ 0;
Y 8 ¼ a82
(3) For incident CD-I wave:

A * ¼ T 03 ; S 01 ¼ S 02 ¼ T 04 ¼ 0; Y 1 ¼ 2a13 ; Y 2 ¼ a23 ;
Y 3 ¼ 2a33 ; Y 4 ¼ a43 ¼ 0; Y 5 ¼ a53 ; Y 6 ¼ 2a63 ; Y 7 ¼ a73 ;
Y 8 ¼ a83 ¼ 0
(4) For incident CD-II wave:

A * ¼ T 04 ; S 01 ¼ S 02 ¼ T 03 ¼ 0; Y 1 ¼ 2a14 ; Y 2 ¼ a24 ;
Y 3 ¼ 2a34 ; Y 4 ¼ a44 ¼ 0; Y 5 ¼ a54 ; Y 6 ¼ 2a64 ; Y 7 ¼ a74 ;
Y 8 ¼ a84 ¼ 0
and:
S1 S2 T3 T4 S 1 S 2
Z1 ¼ ; Z 2 ¼ ; Z 3 ¼ ; Z 4 ¼ ; Z 5 ¼ ; Z 6 ¼ ;
A* A* A* A* A* A* ð38Þ
T 3 T4
Z7 ¼ * ; Z8 ¼ *
A A
where Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 are the complex amplitude ratios of reflected LD-wave, T-wave and
coupled CD-I, CD-II waves in medium M1 and Z5, Z6, Z7, Z8 are the complex amplitude
ratios of transmitted LD-wave, T-wave and coupled CD-I, CD-II waves in medium M2.
6. Special cases
6.1. If h0 ¼ 1, t1 ¼ 0 in equation (36), then we obtain the corresponding amplitude
ratios at an interface of micropolar thermoelastic solid with one relaxation time and
heat conducting micropolar fluid half space.
MMMS 6.2. If h0 ¼ 0, t1 . 0 in equation (36), then we obtain the corresponding amplitude
8,1 ratios at an interface of micropolar thermoelastic solid with two relaxation time and
heat conducting micropolar fluid half space.
7. Particular cases
Case (1): normal force stiffness
76 Kn – 0, Kt ! 1, Kc ! 1, Ku ! 1 correspond to the case of the normal force stiffness
and we obtain a system of eight non-homogeneous equations as given by equation (37)
with the changed values of aij as:
u
v2 u
2
v2 t1 2 V j sin2 u ; a ¼ i v sinu ;
a2i ¼ 2 sinu0 ; a2j ¼ 0 25 0
Vi V0 Vj V 20 V0
u u
v v u 2
t1 2 V 3 sin2 u ; v u 2
t1 2 V 4 sin2 u ;
a26 ¼ i sinu0 ; a27 ¼ i 0 a28 ¼ i 0
V0 V3 V 20 V4 V 20
a3i ¼ 0;
a3j ¼ ivf j ; a35 ¼ 0; a36 ¼ 0; a37 ¼ f3 ; a38 ¼ f4 ; a4i ¼ f i ; a4j ¼ 0;
a45 ¼ 2f1 ; a46 ¼ 2f2 ; a47 ¼ 0; a48 ¼ 0 ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ
Case (2): transverse force stiffness

As Kt – 0, Kn ! 1, Kc ! 1, Ku ! 1, the boundary conditions reduce to the
transverse force stiffness, yielding a system of eight non-homogeneous equations as
given by equation (37) with the changed values of aij as:
sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
u
v 2
Vi 2
2
v 2
v u 2
t1 2 V 1 sin2 u ;
a1i ¼ 2 1 2 2 sin u0 ; a1j ¼ 2 sinu0 ; a15 ¼ 2i 0
Vi V0 V0 V1 V 20
u
v u 2
t1 2 V 2 sin2 u ; v v
a16 ¼ 2i 0 a17 ¼ i sinu0 ; a18 ¼ i sinu0 ; a3i ¼ 0;
V2 V 20 V0 V0
a3j ¼ ivf j ; a35 ¼ 0; a36 ¼ 0; a37 ¼ f3 ; a38 ¼ f4 ; a4i ¼ f i ; a4j ¼ 0;
a45 ¼ 2f1 ; a46 ¼ 2f2 ; a47 ¼ 0; a48 ¼ 0 ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ
Case (3): transverse couple stiffness

As Kc – 0, Kt ! 1, Kn ! 1, Ku ! 1, the boundary conditions reduce to the
transverse couple stiffness, yielding a system of eight non-homogeneous equations as
v2 V2 v2 Propagation
a1i ¼ 2 1 2 i2 sin2 u0 ; a1j ¼ 2 sinu0 kj ; of waves
Vi V0 V0
u u
u V1 22
v u 2
a15 ¼ 2i
v t
1 2 2 sin u0 ; a16 ¼ 2i t1 2 V 2 sin2 u ;
0
V1 V0 V2 V 20 77
v v2
a17 ¼ a18 ¼ i sinu0 ; a2i ¼ 2 sinu0 ;
V0 V0
v2 V2
v v
a2j ¼ 1 2 i2 sin2 u0 ; a25 ¼ i sinu0 ; a26 ¼ i sinu0 ;
Vi V0 V0 V0
u u
v ut V 23 2 v u 2
t1 2 V 4 sin2 u ; a ¼ f ;
a27 ¼ i 1 2 2 sin u0 ; a28 ¼ i 0 4i i
V3 V0 V4 V 20
a4j ¼ f J ; a45 ¼ 0; a46 ¼ 0; a47 ¼ 0; a48 ¼ 0; ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ
Case (4): thermal conductness

The values Ku – 0, Kt ! 1, Kc ! 1, Kn ! 1 correspond to the case of thermal
conductness. In this case we obtain a system of eight non-homogeneous equations as
sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
u
v 2
V2 v 2
v u 2
t1 2 V 1 sin2 u ;
a1i ¼ 2 1 2 i2 sin2 u0 ; a1j ¼ 2 sinu0 ; a15 ¼ 2i 0
Vi V0 V0 V1 V 20
u
v u 2
t1 2 V 2 sin2 u ; v
a16 ¼ 2i 0 a17 ¼ i sinu0 ;
V2 V 20 V0
u
v2 u
2
v v2 t1 2 V j sin2 u ;
a18 ¼ i sinu0 ; a2i ¼ 2 sinu0 ; a2j ¼ 0
V0 V0 Vj V 20
u
v v v u 2
t1 2 V 3 sin2 u ;
a25 ¼ i sinu0 ; a26 ¼ i sinu0 ; a27 ¼ i 0
V0 V0 V3 V 20
MMMS u
v u 2
t1 2 V 4 sin2 u ;
8,1 a28 ¼ i 0 a3i ¼ 0; a3j ¼ ivf j ; a35 ¼ 0; a36 ¼ 0;
V4 V 20
a37 ¼ f3 ; a38 ¼ f4 ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ
78
8. Numerical results and discussion
For numerical computations, we take the following values of relevant parameters for
both the half spaces.
Following (Eringen, 1984), the values of micropolar constants for medium M1 are
taken as:
l ¼ 9:4 £ 1010 N m22 ; m ¼ 4:0 £ 1010 N m22 ; k ¼ 1:0 £ 1010 N m22 ;

g ¼ 7:79 £ 10210 N; J^ ¼ 0:2 £ 10219 m2 ; r ¼ 1:74 £ 103 Kg m23

and thermal parameters for the medium M1 are taken as:
T 0 ¼ 0:298 K; n ¼ 3:68 £ 106 N m22 K21 ; c * ¼ 0:104 £ 104 J kg21 K21 ;
K * ¼ 0:17 £ 103 J m21 s21 K21 ; v ¼ 1; t1 ¼ 0:813 £ 10213 sec

Following (Gauthier, 1982), the values of micropolar constants for medium M2 are
taken as:
l f ¼ 7:59 £ 1010 N sec m22 ; m f ¼ 1:89 £ 1010 N sec m22 ;
k f ¼ 0:0149 £ 1010 N sec m22 ; g f ¼ 2:68 £ 1027 N sec;
r f ¼ 2:19 £ 103 Kg m23

Thermal parameters for the medium M2 are taken as of comparable magnitude:
T f0 ¼ 0:296 K; c0 ¼ 0:05 £ 1010 N sec2 m26 ; I ¼ 1:086 £ 10216 N sec2 m22 ;
a ¼ 1:5 £ 105 m2 sec22 K22 ; K*1 ¼ 2:04 £ 102 J m21 s21 K21 :
The values of amplitude ratios have been computed at different angles of incidence.
The variation of amplitude ratios for the stiffness (ST1), normal force stiffness (NS1),
transverse force stiffness (TS1), transverse couple stiffness (TCS1) and thermal
conductness (TCN1) have been shown. The graphical representation is obtained using
Lord and Shulman (LS-theory) (1967).
In Figures 2 through 25, we represent the solid line for incident wave for stiffness
(ST1), small dashes line for incident wave for normal force stiffness (NS1), medium
dashes line for incident wave for transverse force stiffness (TS1), dash dot dash line for
incident wave for transverse couple stiffness (TCS1) and large dashes line for incident
wave for thermal conductness (TCN1).
1 Propagation
NS1
TS1 of waves
TCS1
0.8 TCN1
ST1
79
Angle of incidence θ0
0.6
0.4
0.2
Figure 2.
0 Variations of amplitude
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ratios with the angle of
incidence for LD-wave
Amplitude Ratio |Z1|
0.8
NS1
TS1
TCS1
0.6 TCN1
ST1
0.4
0.2
Figure 3.
Amplitude Ratio |Ζ1| incidence for LD-wave
MMMS 1.6
NS1
8,1 TS1
TCS1
TCN1
1.2 ST1
80
0.8
0.4
Figure 4.
Variations of amplitude 0
ratios with the angle of 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
NS1
0.6
TS1
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
0.4
0.2
Figure 5.
0.8 NS1 Propagation
TS1 of waves
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
0.6
81
0.4
0.2
Figure 6.
1.4
NS1
TS1
1.2 TCS1
TCN1
ST1
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Figure 7.
0
Variations of amplitude
AmplitudeRatio |Z6|
MMMS 0.8
NS1
8,1 TS1
TCS1
TCN1
0.6 ST1
82
0.4
0.2
Figure 8.
1.2
NS1
TS1
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
0.8
0.4
Figure 9.
NS1 Propagation
TS1 of waves
0.25 TCS1
TCN1
ST1
0.2 83
0.15
0.1
0.05
Figure 10.
incidence for T-wave
NS1
0.8 TS1
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
0.6
0.4
0.2
Figure 11.
MMMS 1.6
NS1
8,1 TS1
TCS1
TCN1
1.2 ST1
84
0.8
0.4
Figure 12.
NS1
0.6 TS1
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
0.4
0.2
Figure 13. 0
Variations of amplitude
1 NS1 Propagation
TS1 of waves
TCS1
TCN1
0.8
ST1
85
0.6
0.4
0.2
Figure 14.
2.5
NS1
TS1
2 TCS1
TCN1
ST1
1.5
0.5
Figure 15.
MMMS NS1
0.4
8,1 TS1
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
0.3
86
0.2
0.1
Figure 16.
0.4
NS1
TS1
TCS1
TCN1
0.3 ST1
0.2
0.1
Figure 17.
0.8
NS1
Propagation
TS1 of waves
TCS1
TCN1
0.6 ST1
87
0.4
0.2
Figure 18.
incidence for CD-II wave
NS1
0.5
TS1
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Figure 19.
MMMS 2
8,1
1.6
88
1.2
0.8
NS1
TS1
0.4
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
Figure 20.
2
NS1
TS1
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
1.6
1.2
0.8
Figure 21.
Variations of amplitude 0.4
AmplitudeRatio |Z4|
0.6
NS1
Propagation
TS1 of waves
TCS1
0.5 TCN1
ST1
89
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Figure 22.
1
NS1
TS1
TCS1
TCN1
0.8
ST1
0.6
0.4
0.2
Figure 23.
MMMS 0.1
NS1
8,1 TS1
TCS1
0.08 TCN1
ST1
90
0.06
0.04
0.02
Figure 24.
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
NS1
TS1
0.02
TCS1
TCN1
ST1
Figure 25.
8.1 Incident LD-wave Propagation
Variations of amplitude ratios jZij; 1 # i # 8 with the angle of incidence u0, for incident of waves
LD-wave are shown in Figures 2 through 9.
Figure 2 shows that the values of jZ1j for ST1 increase in the whole interval and the
values for NS1 oscillate in the whole range. Also the values for TS1 decrease with
increase in u, while the values for TCS1, TCN1 first increase in the range 08 , u , 378
and the decrease with increase in u. The values for ST1 remain more than the values 91
for TCS1, TCN1 and TS1 for all values of u.
From Figure 3 it is evident that the values of jZ2j for ST1 increase in the range
08 , u , 458 and then decrease with increase in the value of u, while the behavior for
TS1 is reversed. The values for TCS1, TCN1 decrease in the whole range with slight
difference in magnitude. Also the values for TS1 remain larger as compared to the
values for other boundary stiffnesses in the whole range.
Figure 4 shows that the values of jZ3j for ST1, TCN1, TS1 and TCS1 first increase
and then decrease with increase in u, while the values for NS1 oscillate with increase in
u and remain more than the values for all other boundary stiffnesses, except near the
normal incidence. In this case the values for TCN1 are larger.
From Figure 5 it is noticed that the values of jZ4j for ST1, NS1 and TS1 increase in
the range 08 , u , 428 and the decrease in the remaining range and the values for TS1
remain more than the values for ST1 in the whole range. Also the values for TCS1,
TCN1 remain less than the values for ST1, NS1 and TS1 in the whole range.
Figure 6 shows that the values of jZ5j for TCS1, TCN1 and TS1 decrease with
increase in u and the values for TCS1 and TCN1 remain more than the values for all
other boundary stiffnesses in the whole range. The values of jZ5j for NS1 are reduced
by a factor of 10.
From Figure 7 it is evident that the values of jZ6j for ST1 and TS1 decrease in the
whole range and the values for TS1 remain more than the values for ST1 in the whole
range. The values for NS1 are oscillatory and attain maximum value near u ¼ 408.
Also the values for NS1 remain larger than the values for all other boundary stiffnesses
in the whole range, except near the grazing incidence and normal incidence.
Figure 8 shows that the values of jZ7j for all the boundary stiffnesses, first increase
and then decrease with increase in u and maximum value is attained by ST1 near
u ¼ 908. Also the values for all the boundary stiffnesses are very small in magnitude.
The values of jZ7j for all the boundary stiffnesses are magnified by a factor of 10.
Figure 9 shows that the trend of variations of jZ8j is similar to jZ7j for all the
boundary stiffnesses from normal incidence to grazing incidence but the
corresponding values are different. The values of jZ8j for all the boundary
stiffnesses are magnified by a factor of 10.
8.2 T-wave incident

Variations of amplitude ratios jZij; 1 # i # 8 with the angle of incidence u0, for incident
T-wave are shown in Figures 10 through 17.
Figure 10 shows that the values of jZ1j for all the boundary stiffnesses, except for
ST1 decrease sharply in the whole range, while the values for ST1 oscillate in the
whole range. Also the values for TCN1 and TCS1 remain more than the values for NS1
and TS1 in the whole range. The values of jZ1j for all the boundary stiffnesses are
reduced by a factor of 10.
MMMS Figure 11 shows that the values of jZ2j for TCN1 and TCS1 are very small as
8,1 compared to the values for all the other boundary stiffnesses. The behavior of variation
of jZ2j for ST1 and NS1 is similar in the whole range and the values for TS1 remain
greater than the values for all other boundary stiffnesses in the whole range. The
values of jZ2j for TCS1 are reduced by a factor of 10.
From Figure 12 it is noticed that the values of jZ3j for TCN1 attain their maximum
92 values in the interval 358 , u , 558 and remain more than the values for all other
boundary stiffnesses in the whole range. The values for NS1 and TCS1 increase in the
range 08 , u , 408 and then decrease for larger values. The values of jZ3j for NS1 and
TCS1 are reduced by a factor of 10.
Figure 13 shows that the values of amplitude ratios jZ4j for NS1 are more oscillatory
as compared to the values for other boundary stiffnesses. Also the values for ST1 are
larger than the values for TCN1 and TCS1 in the whole range. The maxima is attained
by NS1 in the range 408 , u , 508.

Figure 14 shows that the behavior of variation of jZ5j for all boundary stiffnesses is
similar with difference in magnitude. The values for all the boundary stiffnesses
decrease with increase in u. Also the values for ST1 remain more than the values for all
the boundary stiffnesses in the whole range and maximum value is attained by ST1
near the origin. The values of jZ5j for NS1, TS1 and TCS1 are reduced by a factor of 10.
From Figure 15 it is evident that the behavior of variation of jZ6j for all boundary
stiffnesses is similar as that for jZ5j, but the magnitude of oscillation is different. The
values of jZ6j for NS1 and TCN1 are reduced by a factor of 10.
Figure 16 shows that in case of ST1 and NS1 the values of jZ7j are greater than the
values for TS1, TCN1 and TCS1 in the whole range. Also the maximum value is
attained by NS1 in the range 358 , u , 458. The values of jZ7j for all the boundary
stiffnesses are magnified by a factor of 10.
Figure 17 shows that trend of variations of amplitude ratio jZ8j is similar as that for
amplitude ratio jZ7j for all the boundary stiffnesses from normal incidence to grazing
incidence, but the corresponding values are different. The values of jZ8j for all the
boundary stiffnesses are magnified by a factor of 10.
8.3 CD-II wave incident

Variations of amplitude ratios jZij; 1 # i # 8, with the angle of incidence u0, for
incident CD-II wave are shown in Figures 18 through 25.
Figures 18 and 19 show that the trend of variation of the values of jZ1j and jZ2j in
case of all boundary stiffnesses is similar with difference in magnitude. The values for
ST1 and TS1 are oscillatory. Also the values for TCN1, TCS1 and NS1 first increase for
the initial values and then decrease.
Figure 20 shows that the values of jZ3j for ST1 and TS1 attain peak in the range
658 , u , 758 and then decrease with increase in u and the values for TS1 remain
more than the values for ST1 in the whole range. Also the values for TCS1, TCN1 and
NS1 decrease in the whole range and attain maximum values near the normal
incidence.
From Figure 21 it is noted that the values of jZ4j for TS1 remain more than the
values for all the other boundary stiffnesses in the whole range. Also the values for
TCN1 and TCS1 are similar with slight difference in magnitude.
Figure 22 shows that the values of jZ5j for ST1 and TS1 oscillate in the whole range Propagation
and attain peak value in the range 608 , u , 708. Also the values for NS1 remain more of waves
than the values for TCN1, TCS1 and ST1 in the whole range.
From Figure 23 it is noted that the values of jZ6j for ST1 are greater than the values
for NS1 in the whole range, except the range 558 , u , 658, where the behavior is
reversed. The values for TCN1, TCS1 and TS1 first increase and then decrease in the
whole range. Also the values for ST1 remain more than the values for NS1, TCS1 and 93
TCN1 in the whole range.
Figure 24 shows that the behavior of variation of jZ7j for all the boundary
stiffnesses is similar. The values for all these decrease very sharply in the whole range,
while the values for TS1 attain peak value in the range 558 , u , 658. Also the values
for TS1 remain more than the values for all the other boundary stiffnesses, except near
the origin. The values of amplitude ratio for all the boundary stiffnesses are very small
in magnitude. Figure 25 shows that the behavior of variation of jZ8j is similar as that
for jZ7j, but the magnitude of oscillation is different.
9. Conclusion
The analytical expression for reflection and transmission coefficients of various
reflected and transmitted waves has been derived for the normal force stiffness,
transverse force stiffness, transverse couple stiffness and thermal conductness. It is
observed that when LD-wave is incident, the values of amplitude ratios for NS1 are
oscillatory as compared to the values for all the other boundary stiffnesses that reveals
the effect of normal force stiffness. Also when T-wave is incident, the values of
amplitude ratio jZ1j, jZ2j jZ5j and jZ6j for TCN1 and TCS1 attain maximum value near
the origin. The values of amplitude ratios for ST1 and TS1 are more oscillatory as
compared to the values for TCS1, TCN1 and NS1 (when CD-II wave is incident). Due to
the complex property of the medium there is sharp oscillation in some of the amplitude
ratios. The results are supposed to be useful in theoretical and observational studies of
wave propagation in more realistic models of micropolar solids present in the earth’s
interior.
References
Angel, T.C. and Achenbach, J.D. (1985), “Reflection and transmission of elastic waves by a
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Corresponding author
Mandeep Kaur can be contacted at: mandeep1125@yahoo.com
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This article has been cited by:
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Propagation of waves at an imperfect boundary between heat conducting micropolar

*Related content and download information correct at time of download.

t ijf ¼ 2pdij þ sijf ; p ¼ bT f þ c0 f *f ;

3. Formulation of the problem

u~ ¼ ðu1 ðx1 ; x3 Þ; 0; u3 ðx1 ; x3 ÞÞ; f~ ¼ ð0; f2 ðx1 ; x3 Þ; 0Þ;

For convenience, the following non dimensional quantities are introduced:

(12) and (14), we obtain the following equations:

5. Reflection and transmission

where k is the wave number and v is the angular frequency.

sinu0 sinu1 sinu2 sinu3 sinu4 sinu1 sinu2 sinu3 sinu4

a3i ¼ 0; a3j ¼ ic3 K c vf j ; a35 ¼ 0; a36 ¼ 0;

Following (Schoenberg, 1971), if we write:

(2) For incident T-wave:

(3) For incident CD-I wave:

(4) For incident CD-II wave:

a45 ¼ 2f1 ; a46 ¼ 2f2 ; a47 ¼ 0; a48 ¼ 0 ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ

Case (2): transverse force stiffness

a45 ¼ 2f1 ; a46 ¼ 2f2 ; a47 ¼ 0; a48 ¼ 0 ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ

Case (3): transverse couple stiffness

a4j ¼ f J ; a45 ¼ 0; a46 ¼ 0; a47 ¼ 0; a48 ¼ 0; ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ

Case (4): thermal conductness

a37 ¼ f3 ; a38 ¼ f4 ði ¼ 1; 2 and j ¼ 3; 4Þ

l ¼ 9:4 £ 1010 N m22 ; m ¼ 4:0 £ 1010 N m22 ; k ¼ 1:0 £ 1010 N m22 ;

g ¼ 7:79 £ 10210 N; J^ ¼ 0:2 £ 10219 m2 ; r ¼ 1:74 £ 103 Kg m23

T 0 ¼ 0:298 K; n ¼ 3:68 £ 106 N m22 K21 ; c * ¼ 0:104 £ 104 J kg21 K21 ;

K * ¼ 0:17 £ 103 J m21 s21 K21 ; v ¼ 1; t1 ¼ 0:813 £ 10213 sec

l f ¼ 7:59 £ 1010 N sec m22 ; m f ¼ 1:89 £ 1010 N sec m22 ;

k f ¼ 0:0149 £ 1010 N sec m22 ; g f ¼ 2:68 £ 1027 N sec;

r f ¼ 2:19 £ 103 Kg m23

T f0 ¼ 0:296 K; c0 ¼ 0:05 £ 1010 N sec2 m26 ; I ¼ 1:086 £ 10216 N sec2 m22 ;

8.2 T-wave incident

by NS1 in the range 408 , u , 508.

8.3 CD-II wave incident

Journal of Technical Physics, Vol. 50, pp. 121-46.

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