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Alternating Current (Solutions) Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
7
Chapter Alternating Current
Section-A
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (1)
E 1 2 q2
Imax   LImax  max  qmax  Imax LC
R 2 2C
2. Answer (4)
R 1 1
and and all have dimensions of frequency.
L LC RC
3. Answer (3)
R 50 1
cos    
R  ( X L  XC )
2 2
50  (100  50)
2 2 2
4. Answer (2)
At resonance VL – VC = V4 = 0
5. Answer (3)
At resonance XL = XC
6. Answer (4)

As,   ,cos   0, P  Vrms Irms  cos 
2
7. Answer (2)
Choke coil is a series L-R circuit with high L and low R,
So, Z  R 2  X L2  X L ,
Thus cos   0  Pav  0
8. Answer (4)
Z  52  (15  3)2  13 
V 26
So, I    2 A , then P  I 2  R  4  5  20 W
Z 13
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Alternating Current (Solutions)
Q.No. Solution
9. Answer (4)
10. Answer (1)

A.C. voltmeter can measure D.C. voltage.
11. Answer (4)


Power factor cos = 0 as   .
2
12. Answer (2)

1
As voltage is ahead of current. So VL > VC hence XL > XC. Thus     0 .
2 LC
13. Answer (1)

2
According to the definition, Id.c  R  Irms
2
R
Id.c = Irms  Vd.c = Vrms
14. Answer (2)

When charge on the capacitor is zero then current in the circuit becomes maximum.
15. Answer (2)

Energy of capacitor is decreasing resulting in increase in the energy of inductor.
16. Answer (1)

1 1 2
CV 2  L Imax
2 2
C
Imax  V
L
17. Answer (3)

1 1
f  , f  f
2 LC C 
2 (2L )  
2
18. Answer (4)

U 3U
Energy of inductor = U  
4 4
19. Answer (3)

At resonance, the frequency of circuit is equal to the frequency of source.
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Q.No. Solution
20. Answer (3)

V
As X L  2fL, I  . Thus reactance XL increases. But current decreases.
XL
21. Answer (3)

   
v ( t )  VR ( t )  VL( t )  VC (t )
22. Answer (1)

When the frequency of AC source becomes very high. Then source voltage across the inductor which

is ahead of current by .
2
23. Answer (1)

In this case vsource = vresistor
24. Answer (3)

Vrms
Irms  and X L  2fL
R 2  X L2
25. Answer (4)

 
In purely capacitive AC circuit, V = Vm sint, I  Im sin  t   , P( t )  V(t )  I(t ) . So for one complete
 2
cycle, Iav = 0, Pav = 0.
26. Answer (1)

Frequency of oscillation of voltage and current is 60 Hz for each whereas power oscillates with
frequency 120 Hz.
27. Answer (3)

The power delivered will be V × I.
28. Answer (2)

Output power VS IS
 
Input power VP IP
100
=  100  90%
220  0.5
29. Answer (1)
V2 R
Power P 
 2  1  
2
 R   L   
  C  
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Q.No. Solution
30. Answer (4)

With laminated iron core, eddy current loops are broken.
31. Answer (4)

Ip NS VS
 
IS N p Vp
32. Answer (1)

R
cos   1  R  Z
Z
33. Answer (1)

2
 I 
Mean power (P )  Irms
2
R   0  R .
 2
34. Answer (1)

Frequency of oscillation of current is 25.
35. Answer (4)

3V 1 5 1
I  A I    X L  8  VL  4 V
6 2 X L2 6 2 2
36. Answer (2)
V  VR2  VL2  (120)2  (160)2  200 V
37. Answer (4)

As VL = VC, so V = VR.
38. Answer (3)

When XL = XC
1
  0 resonant frequency
LC
R
Z = R  Power factor cos =  1.
Z
39. Answer (2)

Area of one loop
Mean current =
time
T T
I0  I0
= 2 4 = 3I 0
T 4
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Q.No. Solution
40. Answer (4)

R R 3
Power factor = cos  =  
Z X R
2 2 5
41. Answer (2)

Given irms = 1.5 mA
 = 100 rad/s
R = 10 k
 (VR)rms = irms × R
= 15 volt
C = 0.50 F
1
 XC =  20 k
C
 Z=
2
R 2  XC = 5  10 4 
 [(Vnet)rms] = (irms)z = 15 5 volt.

Also [(Vnet)rms]2 = VR2 + VC2
 VC = 15 5  – 15
2 2
= 30 V
42. Answer (1)

EP N I
 P  S
ES NS IP
120 500
   ES = 2.4 V
ES 10
2 .4 NP I
 IS = = 0.16 A   S
RL NS IP
500 0.16
   IP = 3.2 mA
10 IP
43. Answer (2)

E0
At resonance VR = and |VC| = |VL| but VC and VL are in opposite phase
2
 Reading of V2 = 0
44. Answer (1)
45. Answer (4)
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Q.No. Solution
46. Answer (4)
47. Answer (1)
48. Answer (2)
49. Answer (3)
50. Answer (2)
51. Answer (2)
52. Answer (2)

As  is increased, impedance of circuit decreases.
 Current increases
 Bulb glows brighter.
Section-B
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (1, 3, 4)
In series LCR circuit
2
Vrms = (VR)2 + (VL – VC)2
(170)2 = VR2 + (VL – VC)2
obviously VR  (170)2
Here VL and VC may be greater than 170 volt or less than 170 volt
But |VL – VC |  (170) volt
2. Answer (2, 3)
Area
Mean current =
Time
1 T
 I0 
= 2 2
T
2
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Q.No. Solution
I0
 Im =
2
2I 0
As i = t
T
T /2
4I 02
t
2
dt
T2 2  4I 02 T 3 I2
 i2 = 0
= = 0
T T 3 38 3
2
i0
 irms = i2 =
3
3. Answer (2, 3)
1
XC 
C
1
XC 
C 
C = KC
When XC is more, current is less, but VC is more.
4. Answer (1, 3)
XC = 100 
XL = 50 
I1 
20 I1 100 F, 100 
100 2
20 0.5 H 50 
I2 
50 2 I I1
20 V
1
I I I 2
1
2
2  0.3 A
10
V2 + V2 = (20)2
 2V2 = 202
20
 V 
2
 V  10 2 .
Section-C
Q.No. Solution
Comprehension
1. Answer (1)
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (3)
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Section-D
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (1)
The power in the external resistance R will be maximum, when external resistance is equal to internal
resistance.
2. Answer (2)
Resistor opposes the flow of electron in metallic conductor but an emf is induced in an inductor only
 di 
when current through it changes. The induced emf is given by e  L  . The direction of induced emf
 dt 
it such that is opposes the source emf.
3. Answer (1)
Section-E
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer A(p, q, r, t), B(p, r, s, t)

(A) The given LCR – circuit is at resonance
0 0
 V2 = 0, V3 = , V1 =
2 2
0
A = irms =
R 2
(B) Since the circuit is parallel L-C-R circuit

0
 V1 = V2 = V3 =
2
0
and iR =
R 2
2. Answer A(p, r), B(p, q, r), C(p, q, r), D(p, q, r)
3. Answer A(p, r, t), B(q, s), C(t), D(p)
4. Answer A(r, s, t), B(q, r, s, t), C(p, q), D(q, r, s, t)

(p) V1 = 0, V2 = V ( XL = 0)
(q) XL = 0, V1 = 0, V2 = V
(r) XL = L = 2fL = 1.884 
V1 = IXL
V2 = IR
V 1 < V2
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Q.No. Solution
(s) XL = 1.884 
1 10
XC =   103 
L 3
XC >> XL
V2 = IXC, V1 = IXL
(t) R = 1 k
10
XC   103 
3
 XC > R  V2 > V 1
Also, V2 = IXL, V1 = IR.
Section-F
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (9)
1
C = 2 F, Ui  CV12
2
1
 106   2
2
V1 = 2 V 
2
L = 1mH  2  106 J
V2 = 1 V
i1 = ?
When current is i1 , then total energy
1 2 1
 LI  CV22
2 2
1 1
  103  i12   10 6  1
2
2 2
 0.5  10 3  i12  0.5  106
Energy conservation
2  10 6  0.5  10 3  i12  0.5  10 6
1.5  10 6  0.5  103  i12
3  10 3  i12
i1  3  103  10 2 30 A
10  9
i i  10 2
3
10
i i  10 2 x, x  9
3
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Q.No. Solution
2. Answer (2)
Section-G
Q.No. Solution
1. Answer (4)
Time varying magnetic field induces electric field which will accelerate the charged particle.
2. Answer (3)
Section-H
Q.No. Solution
1. (i) The complex impedance Z of an inductor L is iL, so if L = R 3 /, Z  iR 3.
 
–1
The complex impedance Z of a capacitor C is 1/iC, so if C = R 3 , Z  R 3 /i  – iR 3. Thus the
complex impedance ZU of the upper branch of the network between X and B is R 1 i 3 , and the  
complex impedance ZL of the lower branch its R( i 3 ) . The complex impedance of ZU in parallel with
ZL is
ZU ZL

  

R 2 1 i 3 1– i 3 4R 2
 2R.
ZU  ZL 2R 2R
Thus the total impedance between A and B is 3R.
(ii and iii) It is easier to solve these together, finding the amplitudes and phases of the voltages VAX, VYX
and VZX simultaneously. We will use the complex exponential notation and, for convenience, set the
voltage at B to zero. The voltage at A can thus we written as V0(0), by which we mean a voltage of
amplitude V0 and phase angle zero, and we will use the notation VAB to refer to VA – VB, i.e., the
voltage at A minus the voltage at B, etc.
Since the impedance between B and A is 3R and the impedance between B and X is 2R (both real),
the voltage at X is given quite simply by
2 2
VX = VA  V0 (0).
3 3
Considering the upper branch between X and B, we have a potential divider so that
VZ iR 3 i 3
  .

VX R 1 i 3 1 i 3 
The numerator of this expression has an amplitude of 3 and a phase angle of 90°, and the
1/2

 
2
denominator has an amplitude of 12   3    2 and a phase angle of tan–1 3 /1  60.
 
- 81 -
Q.No. Solution
The whole expression therefore has an amplitude of 3 /2 and a phase angle of 90° – 60° = 30°. Thus
VZ 3
 (30),
VX 2
V0
so VZ  (30)
3
Similarly, we can write
VY iR 3 –i 3 3
   (–30),

VX R 1– i 3 1– i 3 2 
V0
so VY  (–30) .
3
VAX = VA – VX = V0 –2V0/3 = V0/3, which, since it has a phase angle of zero, is in phase with the voltage
VAB.
V0 2V0
VYX = VY – VX  (–30) – .
3 3
This can be visualized on a phasor diagram, as shown in figure.
VX
VrX
VY
The real part of this expression is
V0 2V0 V
cos(–30) – – 0,
3 3 6
V0 –V0
And the imaginary part is sin(–30)  .
3 2 3
Thus the amplitude is

1/2
  12  1 2  V0
V0      –  
  6   2 3   3
 
and the phase is
1
–
arc tan 2 3  –120.
1
–
6
- 82 -
Q.No. Solution
V0
Thus VYX = (–120).
3
V0 2V0
Finally, VZX = VZ – VX = (30) – .
3 3
Again, we can show this on a phasor diagram.
VZX VZ
VX
The real part of this is

V0 2V0 V
cos (30) – – 0
3 3 6
and the imaginary part is

V0 V0
sin (30)  .
3 2 3
The amplitude of VZX is again V0/3, and the phase is +120°, so
V0
VZX = (120).
3
2. Let the instantaneous value of emf applied be V and the corresponding currents are i, iL and iC then
i = iL + iC
V V V i iL
 = + iC
Z R  J L –J
C V C R
V VC
= –
R  JL J L
V 2
= + JVC [ J = –1]
R  JL
1 R – JL
 = 2 + JC
R  L 
Z 2
=

R  J CR 2  3 L2C – L 
R  L 
2 2
1
=
Z
=

R 2  CR 2  3L2C – L 
2
R 2  2L2
- 83 -
Q.No. Solution
1
will be minimum. when
Z
CR2 + 3L2C – L = 0
1 R2
 = – 2
LC L
1 1 R2
 f= – 2
2 LC L
XL = 9
3. 9 3
From the phasor diagram shown for LR circuit, tan 1 = = i2
12 4 z2
 1 = 37°
1
4 R2 = 12
From the phasor diagram shown for RC. circuit, tan 2 =
3
 2 = 53° R1 = 3
2
 The phase difference between i1 and i2 is  = 1 + 2
z1
= 37° + 53°
= 90° i1
XC = 4

- 84 -

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Alternating Current (Solutions) Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)

Thus cos   0  Pav  0

10. Answer (1)

11. Answer (4)

12. Answer (2)

13. Answer (1)

Id.c = Irms  Vd.c = Vrms

14. Answer (2)

15. Answer (2)

16. Answer (1)

17. Answer (3)

18. Answer (4)

19. Answer (3)

20. Answer (3)

21. Answer (3)

22. Answer (1)

23. Answer (1)

24. Answer (3)

25. Answer (4)

26. Answer (1)

27. Answer (3)

28. Answer (2)

29. Answer (1)

30. Answer (4)

31. Answer (4)

32. Answer (1)

33. Answer (1)

34. Answer (1)

35. Answer (4)

36. Answer (2)

V  VR2  VL2  (120)2  (160)2  200 V

37. Answer (4)

38. Answer (3)

39. Answer (2)

40. Answer (4)

41. Answer (2)

 [(Vnet)rms] = (irms)z = 15 5 volt.

42. Answer (1)

43. Answer (2)

44. Answer (1)

45. Answer (4)

46. Answer (4)

47. Answer (1)

48. Answer (2)

49. Answer (3)

50. Answer (2)

51. Answer (2)

52. Answer (2)

(170)2 = VR2 + (VL – VC)2

But |VL – VC |  (170) volt

1. Answer A(p, q, r, t), B(p, r, s, t)

(B) Since the circuit is parallel L-C-R circuit

2. Answer A(p, r), B(p, q, r), C(p, q, r), D(p, q, r)

3. Answer A(p, r, t), B(q, s), C(t), D(p)

4. Answer A(r, s, t), B(q, r, s, t), C(p, q), D(q, r, s, t)

(r) XL = L = 2fL = 1.884 

2  10 6  0.5  10 3  i12  0.5  10 6

1.5  10 6  0.5  103  i12

1. (i) The complex impedance Z of an inductor L is iL, so if L = R 3 /, Z  iR 3.

Thus the total impedance between A and B is 3R.

Similarly, we can write

This can be visualized on a phasor diagram, as shown in figure.

The real part of this expression is