SUNBEAM SCHOOL VARUNA FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to

my teacher (Mr. Sanjeev Srivastava) as well as our
principal (Mrs. Anupama Mishra) who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
(Full Wave Rectifier),which also helped me in doing a
lot of Research and I came to know about so many new
things I am really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and

friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame.

I am making this project not only for marks but to also

increase my knowledge.

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INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 AIM
 MATERIALS REQUIRED
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 PROCEDURE
 WORKING
 OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION
 PRECAUTIONS
 USES
 BIBLOGRAPHY
 CERTIFICATE

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INTRODUCTION

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating

current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process
is known as rectification. Rectification produces a type of
DC that encompasses active voltages and currents, which
are then adjusted into a type of constant voltage DC,
although this varies depending on the current's end-use. The
current is allowed to flow uninterrupted in one direction,
and no current is allowed to flow in the opposite direction.

Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including

vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and
selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-
controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor
switches.
Rectifier circuits may be single-phase or multi-phase.
Most low power rectifiers for domestic equipment are
single-phase, but three-phase rectification is very important
for industrial applications and for the transmission of
energy as DC.
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Full Wave
Rectifier Circuit
The full wave rectifier circuit consists of
two power diodes connected to a single load resistance
(RL) with each diode taking it in turn to supply
current to the load. When point A of the transformer is
positive with respect to point C, diode D1 conducts in
the forward direction as indicated by the arrows.

When point B is positive (in the negative half of the

cycle) with respect to point C, diode D2 conducts in the
forward direction and the current flowing through
resistor R is in the same direction for both half-cycles.
As the output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor
sum of the two waveforms combined, this type of full
wave rectifier circuit is also known as a “bi-phase”
circuit.
As the spaces between each half-wave developed by each
diode is now being filled in by the other diode the
average DC output voltage across the load resistor is
now double that of the single half-wave rectifier circuit

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Advantages
1. The rectification efficiency of full-wave
rectifier is double of that of a half-wave
rectifier.

2. The ripple voltage is low and of higher

frequency in case of full-wave rectifier so
simple filtering circuit is required.

3. Higher output voltage, higher output

power and higher Transformer Utilization
Factor (TUF) in case of a full-wave rectifier.

4. In a full-wave rectifier, there is no

problem due to dc saturation of the core
because the dc current in the two halves of
the two halves of the transformer secondary
flow in opposite directions.

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Disadvantages
1. For a bridge, three additional POWER
components
to fail, uses four rather than one diode.

2. For center tapped plus two rectifier FW

circuit,
requires CT transformer, and one
additional POWER
diode to reduce reliability.

3. Any diode going short-circuited, places

remaining
diodes across the circuit AC supply, leading
to very
high damaging current which MUST be
protected against.

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AIM

To construct a Full Wave

Bridge rectifier and show that
the (AC) alternating current is
rectified into a direct current
(DC).

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MATERIALS
REQUIRED
1. Connecting Wires
2. A plug
3. Single Lead Wire- 2m
4. Three Nuts & Bolts 2-3cm length
5. Circuit Board
6. A Transformer (12V)
7. A Resistor
8. P-N Junction Diodes (4nos)
9. A LED
10. Insulation Tape, Blades,
Soldering Wax, Soldering Lead,
Soldering Iron & Sand Paper
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SUNBEAM SCHOOL VARUNA
FULL WAVE
RECTIFIER

CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM

B
D

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PROCEDURE
Take the transformer and attach it to one end
of the circuit board. Attach the plug with the
wire of desired length and connect it to the
transformer AC In. now, take four diodes and
connect the 4 diodes into a loop. Connect the
anode of diode D1 to the anode of D2.
Connect the cathode of D2 to anode of
D3.connect the cathode of D3 to anode of D4
and connect the anode of D4 to cathode of D1.
The output of transformers should be
connected to A and C. Now, take two capacitor
and connect its –ve terminal to –ve and +ve
terminal to +ve. And connect both the
capacitors to B and D. Connect a resistor and
a LED to the capacitor. Attach wire from the
capacitor and connect it to the output device

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WORKING
When the AC is supplied to the transformer, it step
down the 240V main supply to 12V. It has a capability
of delivering 700mA. The 12 volts AC appearing across
the secondary is the RMS value. The four diodes
labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs” with
only two diodes conducting current during each half
cycle. The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged
in “series pairs” with only two diodes conducting
current during each half cycle. During the positive
half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in
series while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and
the current flows through the load as shown below.

The Positive Half-cycle

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During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3

and D4 conduct
in series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch “OFF” as they
are now reverse biased. The current flowing through
the load is the same direction as before.

The Negative Half-cycle

In subsequent Half cycles of the AC Current the above

process are repeated. In both the half cycles it is clear
that current flows through the resistor in only one
direction. Even though the voltage across load is
unidirectional it will still contains a few AC
components. This is filtered and made smooth using
a capacitor, which filters 99% of the AC current. A
resistor is then used to adjust the output voltage.
Capacitor also nearly filters all AC components from
supply and resistance is adjusted for the required
output. As this is a simple circuit, two capacitors and
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one resistor are being used. The output Direct
Current and voltage light up the LED and other
source connected with it.

OBSERVATION &
CONCLUSION
On connecting a voltmeter to the output of
bridge circuit 12V current is coming.

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Precautions

1. Keep safe yourself from high voltage.

2. Solder the wire safely.
3. While soldering don’t touch the
soldering tip.
4. Solder under adult supervision.

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USES
Most electronic device cannot withstand very high
voltage or alternating current due to its intense high
power. The use of batteries in all devices is not practical
as their replacement and durability is a huge problem as
the devise has to be dismantled each time for such
replacement. So these rectifiers are used in most of the
electronic devices like TV‟s, Radios, Chargers and
Lightings etc.
The common uses of rectifiers are to supply polarized
voltage for welding, detection of amplitude modulated
radio signals.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. HELP FROM TEACHERS 2. HELP FROM INTERNET

3. NCERT TEXTBOOK

WEBSITES
 www.google.co.in
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.scribd.com
 www.yahoo.com

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THANK YOU

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