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Analysis and Comparison of Paraffinic Field Deposits to Cold Finger
Deposits on a Brazilian Campos Basin Crude Oil
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Authors Susan Amy Garner (Nalco Company) | Priyanka Juyal (Nalco Company) | Crystal Hart (Nalco
Company) | David Podgorski (Florida State University) | Amy M. Mckenna (Florida State
University) | Claudio Marcos Ziglio (Petrobras) | Ryan P. Rodgers (National High Magnetic Field
Lab) | Stephan John Allenson (Nalco Company) | Alan G. Marshall (National High Magnetic Field
Lab)
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/22660MS
Document ID OTC22660MS
Publisher Offshore Technology Conference
Source OTC Brasil, 46 October, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Publication Date 2011
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Introduction
Crude oils contain high molecular weight paraffin hydrocarbons that may precipitate out of the crude oil and form a waxy solid phase when the
oil is cooled (due to heat loss to the surroundings) during production and transport operations. Resultant plugging of the pipelines and clogging
of transport equipment can often be a challenging problem to control and remediate.15 Pigging is one method of removing paraffin deposits
from the pipe wall, but pigging programs can be ineffective if the deposited paraffin is hard and sticky. This problem has been experienced by a
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15/5/2015 Analysis and Comparison of Paraffinic Field Deposits to Cold Finger Deposits on a Brazilian Campos Basin Crude Oil OnePetro
platform in the Campos Basin of Brazil due to the hard and very sticky nature of the paraffin deposit. The pigging program for the innerfield
flowline has been difficult and it is unclear if the pigging program is effective in removing all of the paraffin deposit.
A better understanding of the oil composition and the paraffinic hydrocarbons present in the crude oils was sought in order to recommend
chemical mitigation strategy. Crude oil sample from the field and paraffinic field deposits were collected for a comprehensive characterization
with various analytical techniques, and the effect of wax crystal modifiers was qualitatively examined as potential remediation for deposition.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry was employed to study the wax crystallization behavior of the crude oil and the deposit. Paraffinic hydrocarbon
distribution of the fluids was characterized with High Temperature Gas Chromatography (HTGC). Efficacy of the wax crustal modifiers was
evaluated with established Pour point and Cold Finger Deposition tests. Compositional information on the crude oil sample and the untreated
paraffinic field deposit and the lab generated coldfinger deposits was further elucidated via high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron
resonance mass spectrometry. Negative ion Electrospray Ionization (ESI) and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI) coupled to 9.4T
Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (FTICR MS) were applied to attain extensive compositional knowledge of the
fluids' hydrocarbon and hetroaromatic matrix.
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