Conservatism (the Right) Salient Features of Fascism:

-Derived from the term “Conservation” 1. Totalitarian(centralized Control)

-Seeks to preserve all that is good about the past 2. Nationalism (putting the state above all other things)
-Gives Greater attention to social entities than to individuals having the inclination to 3. Anti-liberalism
oppose any change in political environment. 4. Militarism and Violence
“Commitment to traditional values and Ideas with opposition to change or innovation” 5. Leadership

Socialism Religious Fundamentalism

-derived from the word social (to combine or share) -from the Latin word fundamental meaning Base
-an economic and political doctrine advocating government ownership. -associated with inflexibility, dogmatism (expression of beliefs as facts), authoritarianism or
-an ideology opposed to Capitalism (adheres to social equality to attain social stability) worst violence.
-cooperation is preferred over the competition -rejection of the distinction between politics and religion
Different ways of understanding Socialism: Theme of Religious Fundamentalism:
1. Socialism is seen as an economic level 1. Religion as politics
2. Socialism is an instrument of the labor movement 2. Fundamental Impulse
3. Socialism as a political creed encompasses community, cooperation, equality, class 3. Anti-modernism
politics and collective ownership 4. Militancy (use of confrontational/violent methods to support a political cause)

Social Democracy Feminism

-favors a balance between market and State rather than the abolition of capitalism. -from latin word Femina meaning Women
-it stresses welfare measures but not state ownership. -concerned with gender equality in political spheres of life
-welfare state that focus on the improvement of living conditions such as, medical -focus on the position of women in the society
insurance, generous pension, and subsidized food and housing. “struggle to end sexist oppression”
“peaceful evolutionary transition of society from capitalism”
Environmentalism
Communism -an ideology focusing on the idea that the environment is endangered and must be
-“extreme left-wing ideology” based on the teaching of Karl Marx preserved through regulation and lifestyle changes.
-economic, social and political system seeking government ownership of the means -concern about the natural environment and particularly about reducing environmental
production and services directed by the process of scientific administration degradation

Fascism
-Benito Mussolini
-Derived from the word fasces-meaning a bundle of rods with an axe-blade protruding.
(symbol of strength in unity)
-Repressive social conditions rejecting Democracy
-Repudiates constitutionalism
-all values arises from the state against which the individual has no rights.
-Totalitarian omnipotent state. (reject equality and replaces hierarchy to a supreme leader
whose will is law)
Concept of Power  Ability to get placements for favored employees
Power- is the ability to get someone to do something he/she wants to accomplish.  Exceeding budget limitations
-Power is a prime ingredient in Politics  Procuring above-average raises for employees
Influence- the process by which a person affects the behavior and feeling of another person.  Getting items on the agenda at meetings
 Access to early information
Sources of Power:  Having top managers seek out their opinion
1. Organizational Power- a power derived from the person’s position in the
organization.
a. Reward Power- it is the extent of which a leader can use extrinsic and
intrinsic rewards to control and influence other people.
b. Coercive power- it is the degree to which a leader can deny desired rewards
or administer punishments to control other people and let them follow his
wants.
c. Legitimate Power- it is the extent to which a leader can use subordinates’
internalized values or beliefs that the boss has a right of command to
control his subordinates’ behavior. Also known as Hierarchical Authority
d. Information Power- the leader has the access to and control of information.
Granted to specialists and managers in the middle of the information
system. The people may protect information to increase their power.
e. Process Power- The leader has full control over the methods of production
and analysis.
f. Representative Power- The legal right conferred to speak by the firm as
representative of a potentially significant group composed of individuals
from the departments or outside the firm.

2. Individual power or personal power- a power derived from personal characteristics

that are of value to the organization.
a. Expert power- the ability to control another person’s behavior through the
possession of knowledge, experience or judgement that the other person
needs but does not have.
b. Rational Persuasion- the ability to control another person’s behavior by
convincing other person of the desirability of a goal and a reasonable way of
achieving it. (using logic and evidence to influence others)
c. Referent Power- the ability to control another’s behavior because the
person wants to identify with the power source. (The source of power
comes from how much people likes and admires him)

Symbols of power
A. Kanter’s symbol of power
 Ability to intercede for someone in trouble