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Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...

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Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC

LEADING STRATEGIC CHANGE


Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
Table of contents
LSC1- DIAGNOSE THE NEED FOR CHANGE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE ......................................................... 4
LSC1.1 – A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CONTEXT OF CHANGE .................................................................... 4
LSC1.2- AN INVESTIGATION OF THE TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE ............................ 5
LSC1.3- AN INVESTIGATION IN TYPES OF OPERATIONAL AND STRATEGIC CHANGE.......................................... 5
CHANGE RELATED PEOPLE ............................................................................................................................... 5
CHANGE RELATED ORGANIZATION .................................................................................................................. 5
CHANGE RELATED TO SYSTEMS ....................................................................................................................... 6
MAJOR TYPES OF OTHER CHANGES ................................................................................................................. 6
LEARNING OUTCOME – 2 ................................................................................................................................. 7
LSC 2- THE ROLE OF SENIOR MANAGER IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE............................................................. 7
LSC2.1 – A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF MANAGERS IN LEADING HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE ........ 7
LSC 2.2- AN INVESTIGATION OF APPROPRIATE APPROACHES TO LEADING AND MANAGING CHANGE,
CHANGE MANAGEMENT THEORIES/MODELS IN GIVEN SITUATIONS ............................................................... 8
LSC 2.3- A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CONTINGENCY ..................................................................................... 10
LEARNING OUTCOME – 3 ............................................................................................................................... 11
LSC 3- HOW TO REDUCE RESISTANCE TO CHANGE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE .......................................... 11
LSC 3.1 – A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR RESISTING CHANGE .............................................. 12
LSC 3.2- A CRITICALLY EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT WAYS OF LIMITING AND OVERCOMING RESISTANCE TO
CHANGE ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
LEARNING OUTCOME – 4 ............................................................................................................................... 13
LSC 4- THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC CHANGE .................................................................................. 13
LSC 4.1 –A CRITICALLY ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON CHANGE .............. 13
LSC 4.2- A CRITICALLY ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF STAKEHOLDERS ON THE CHANGE PROCESS ............ 14
LSC 4.3- A CRITICALLY ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS ON CHANGE ............... 15
LSC 4.4- A SYSTEMATICAL EVALUATION OF APPROPRIATE METHOD FOR ENSURING THE COMMITMENT OF
PROFESSIONAL STAFF TO STRATEGIC CHANGE .............................................................................................. 16
LEARNING OUTCOME – 5 ............................................................................................................................... 16
LSC 5- THE TECHNIQUES FOR EMBEDDING CHANGE WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION .......................................... 16
LSC 5.1 – AN INVESTIGATION OF TECHNIQUES USED TO EMBED CHANGE IN AN ORGANIZATION.................. 17
LSC 5.2- A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF DIFFERENT LEADERSHIP
STRATEGIES ................................................................................................................................................... 17
LSC 5.3- THE RECOMMENDED AND JUSTIFIED APPROPRIATE LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES FOR DIFFERENT
CHANGE SCENARIOS ...................................................................................................................................... 18
RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................................................................... 18
LSC 5.4- AN ILLUSTRATION OF HOW AN ORGANIZATION CAN RETAIN THE CAPACITY FOR FURTHER CHANGE.
...................................................................................................................................................................... 19
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................. 19
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC

INTRODUCTION

The NHS-(National Health Services) - the service provider to patients and service users not
only in a bureaucratic state control, but also facing market competition, similarly the
financial constraints in the global economic climate and economic scarcity in NHS severely
affect the social care processes and strategies. The favourable ideal changes required in
health and social care for ultimate perfection in social services and maintain the spirit to
change.

““While change is about moving to a future state; change management is about


supporting individual employees impacted by the change through their own transitions -
from their own current state to their own future state that has been created by the
project or initiative””. (Change Management Learning Centre, 1996-2012).

Change is the transformation from current state through a transformation state to a


future state and managing the change is how things will be done from the state of things
today. Therefore lead change is significant in changing globe to change global health and
health care.

Learning Outcome – 1

LSC1- Diagnose the need for change in health and Social Care
The ultimate aim of every health and social care organizations, government or any other
form of health care services providers should be provide the highest quality and maximum
satisfied services. Therefore there are various social, economic, political factors affects to
reach the ultimate aim. To overcome these constraints required change.

LSC1.1 – A systematic Analysis of the context of change


The question of “NHS – services for patients and service users taken over by GP lead
consortia on entire health care industry in UK” – arises and indicates the further problems
of bureaucratic state control and market competition, besides that how it will be affected
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
the social care processes and strategies, relationship of communities with relevant social
and health care organizations moreover their ability to manage financial risk.

LSC1.2- An Investigation of the triggers for change in health and social care

Obviously, the changes make number of middle managers redundant in their roles and
they argues that these changes not make any quality of care, even though privatization
started, for instance the giant organization “ALTOS”. Therefore these public and private
organizations obliged to address proactively the contradictions, challenges and
opportunities to survive and thrive on strategically managing the health and social care
services.

Therefore the strategic change has to address the impacts of financial constraints in global
and national economy, bureaucracy by state control, privatization and competition,
quality of services, NHS and GP involvements, job redundancy of public sector and
government obligations.

LSC1.3- An Investigation in types of operational and strategic change

““Kurt Lewis states, “If you want to truly understand something, try to change it.””

When changing the organization or related culture, the changing period of change, the
organization focus to in terms of structure, process, tools, measurements, policies and
procedures. The success of transition, the people need to “buy in”, also committed,
moreover their individual interests, values, competencies must be effectively aligned with
vision, culture and capabilities. The leader should decide the type of change required to
adapt to the needs of organizations internal or external environment. Besides that the
change may affect the people, systems, processes, business units or the organization in
whole. The major types of changes are as follows:-

Change Related People


1. Personal change
2. Culture change
3. People oriented change
4. Social change
5. Customer related change

Change Related Organization


1. Leadership change
2. Structural change
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
3. Reengineering
4. Incremental organizational change
5. Fundamental organizational change
6. Divestiture
7. Rules change
8. Acquisition
9. Merger
10. Consolidation
11. Strategic change

Change Related to Systems


1. Process oriented change
2. Technological change
3. Software development and installation
4. Systems change
5. Continuous improvement
6. Continuous process improvement
7. Continual change
8. Transactional change
9. Total Quality Management Driven Change
10. Re-engineering or process design
11. Business expansion
12. Structural quality improvement
13. Bench marking
14. Business process re-engineering

Major types of other changes

1. Growth
2. Unplanned change
3. Planned change
4. Radical change
5. Radically innovative change
6. Development
7. Transactional change
8. Transitional change
9. Strategy deployment
10. Re-structuring/down sizing
11. Remedial change
12. Evolutionary change
13. Revolutionary change
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
14. Proactive change
15. Reactive change
(Westbrook Stevens, 2013)

Learning Outcome – 2

LSC 2- The role of senior manager in health and social care

The senior level managers in health and social care are responsible developing, managing
and organizing the programs and projects across the area in line with strategy. In addition,
development, implementation and management of local operating plans and budgets,
manage and develop team, ensure service delivery. Moreover the senior managers are
able to manage the social and healthcare organizations in public, private or non-profit
sectors for survival; sustainability, cost limitations, growth and developments by adapt
and align their strategic direction with changes.

LSC2.1 – A systematic analysis of the role of managers in leading


health and social care
The health care managers and administrators holding a role with the following
responsibilities:-
1. Holding leadership and management responsibility
2. Control multiple units and departments
3. Spending significant amount of time in duties
4. Engaged and place high value of communication
5. Problem solving and decision making
6. Collaboration with other disciplines
7. People development and cost containment (LD, 1999)

Besides that there are different senor jobs in health care sector, each job has its own
responsibilities according to the nature of position, for instance a senior manager in care
co-ordination- quality required the following skills according to the organizations
requirement and nature.

1. Leadership to care co-coordinators


2. Active collaboration in analysis of quality, experience and efficiency.
3. Participation in care unit operations
4. Lead change through effective coaching and mentoring
5. Assess performance of care-co-coordinators
6. Partner and collaborative with hospital and medical staff leader
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
7. Create positive working environment that helps to continuous improvement
8. Use the technology as supporting tool
9. Collaboration with team members and client partners to design and implement
processes
10. Set goals for increased quality, improved patient experience and reduced cost
11. Communicate with targets levels and individuals levels
12. Create effective cross initiative solutions
13. Perform operational efficiencies and new capabilities
14. recruit and retain a professional team by participating staff interviews and hiring
decisions
15. Attend meeting and events to create organizational awareness.

LSC 2.2- an Investigation of appropriate approaches to leading and


managing change, change management theories/models in given
situations
The general approach of strategic change is the industrial organizational approach and
sociological approach. The industrial organizational approach is based on economic theory
and deals with competitiveness, resources allocation, economies of scale and it used
assumptions like rationality, self discipline behavior and profit maximization. The
sociological approach deals in human interactions with assumptions of bounded
rationality, satisfying behavior and profit sub-optimality.

In strategy hierarchy, the strategic management is highest, because it is applying all parts
of the area and it gives direction to the corporate values, culture, goals and corporate
mission, besides that competitive strategies and functional unit strategies. There are some
strategy also involved like corporate strategy, business strategy, functional strategy,
operational strategy and dynamic strategy.

Change management theories by John M Fisher’s change model explains how people
respond to change and identified stages to follow a change process such as:-

1. Anxiety and denial


2. Happiness
3. Fear
4. Threat
5. Guilt and disillusionment
6. Depression and hostility
7. Gradual acceptance
8. Moving forward

The process of transition explained in Fig-1


Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC

Fig-1

(Oranmore, 2009 - 2012 In-Tuition )

John Katter’s Change Model


This model recognized eight steps to consider for managing change and these
convert the change of management theories into practice.
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
1. Establish sense of urgency
2. Form a guiding coalition
3. Create a clear vision
4. Communicate the vision
5. Empower others to act on the vision
6. Plan and create short term wins
7. Consolidate improvements and produce still more change
8. Institutionalize new approaches

This stepladder based on communication, focus and empowerment, in addition after the
change take place embeds the new approaches and people not slip into previous habits. It
is essential that monitoring and feedback and intervention necessary for a sufficient
period after the occurrence of change.

(Oranmore, 2009 - 2012 In-Tuition )

LSC 2.3- A systematic Analysis of contingency

Refers to (Business Dictionary, 2013), ““Simulation analysis that employs different


qualitative assumptions (associated with probable events or phenomenon) to paint
different scenarios, and tries to come up with the most optimal responses under the
circumstances.””

Contingency planning identifying the future solutions for anticipated problems by


systematic approach and as a result of contingency plan and its prediction helps to meet
the goals and targets. The below questions can help to develop a contingency plan.

 What events may occur that require a response?


 What disasters might happen during execution of the plan?
 What is the worst case scenario of events for the situation?
 What scenarios are possible for the situation?
 What event would cause the greatest disruption of current activities and plans?
 What happens if costs of the plan are excessive? What happens if delays occur?
 What if key people leave the organization?
 What are the expected moves of antagonists and competitors?
 Who or what might impede implementation of the plan?

(Power, 1986)
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
Learning Outcome – 3

LSC 3- How to reduce resistance to change in health and social care

Resistance prevents organizational change and it is vital to identify the resistance and
build strategies to manage resistance effectively. The resistance may happen due to lack
of information, confusion or disagreement with key information. It may arise from
emotional and physiological reactions due to the fear of loss or abandonment.
Resistance stay beyond immediate situation and it based on what change represents to a
person and it entrenched and encompass personal, cultural, religious and racial
differences. If the resistance transforms to commitment make the change process
successful.

Refers to (Urban Health Partnership, Primary Care Group, King’s Fund, London W1M 0AN,
1998.) argues that, NHS have not changed many behaviours as listed below .

Summary points
“”Despite considerable structural change and numerous attempts at “reform,” the underlying
nature of the NHS has remained remarkably stable and many behaviours have not changed
This stability could be explained by the stability of the guiding principles that shape behaviour
in the NHS—“Can do, should do,” “Doing means treatment,” “Treatment should fix it,” and
“I am responsible”
These principles, though once appropriate, may now be reducing the NHS’s adaptive capacity
To allow proper reform of the NHS, we have to engage directly with these guiding principles
and change them, rather than simply changing the organisational structure “”

(Urban Health Partnership, Primary Care Group, King’s Fund, London W1M 0AN, 1998.)
Since 1948 every government has re-invoked the founding principles and there is
little agreement to how it should be organized. If adopt guiding principles that
can mould guiding principles and behavior in NHS, besides that it can reform and
change the principles and it can shape behavior by:-
1. Can do, should do
2. Doing means treatment
3. Treatment should fix it
4. I am responsible
It will share several features that people come together from various
perspectives, spend enough time together to move beyond first impression and
engage in conversations and that generate possibilities.
(Urban Health Partnership, Primary Care Group, King’s Fund, London W1M 0AN,
1998.)
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
LSC 3.1 – A systematic analysis of the reasons for resisting change

Refers, (Rick, 2011), expect resistance and plan for avoid it from the beginning of the
change management program and it let efficiently to manage the resistance. The classical
psycological reactions are denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance,
inaddition there are other typical reasons for resistance such as:-
1. Misunderstanding
2. Fear of the unknown
3. Lack of competence
4. Connected to the old way
5. Low trust
6. Temporary fad
7. Not being consulted
8. Poor communication
9. Change to routines
10. Exhaustion/ saturation
11. Change in the status quo
12. Benefits and rewards

(Rick, 2011)

LSC 3.2- A critically evaluation of different ways of limiting and


overcoming resistance to change

According to, (Outram), ““Formal and informal strategies have to be developed for harnessing
and managing individuals…Creating the preconditions in which change can occur is a key
facilitation skill; reducing individual resistance to change through informal discussion and
dialogue is as important as formal, public advocacy. Increasing the pressure for change is a less
effective strategy to stimulate progress in HE departments/organisations where power is diffuse
and essentially sapiential rather than positional.””

Therefore to establish the preconditions for change and the change must be relevant to
all affected and confirm it result in important benefits and it should be understood and
compatible and feasible with the participants, besides that to diagnose the reasons for
resistance to change. The reasons may that their needs not met and believe that the
change make easier to meet their needs or the needs outweigh the risks or the change
necessary to avoid a harmful situation. In addition they believe the change process is
being handled properly or change will work properly and it consistent with their values
and they trust those responsible for the change.

The change manager should create trust and it is a fundamental to the application of
change. It is possible by avoiding the misleading and presenting different opinions and
statements to different people, gossiping about others, blaming others for mistakes,
competing with others, giving more negative feedbacks than positive and withholding
information.
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
Finally build confidence and influential and make clear communication with the
participants of change.

Learning Outcome – 4

LSC 4- The implementation of strategic change

As a consequence of reduction in government funding, increased partnerships with both


private and non-profit organizations, and government policy to NHS organizations to more
enterprising, competitive, innovative and entrepreneurial business ethics, the U.K health
and social care sector demands cost control, efficiency and productivity. Besides that, the
occurrence of chronic long term chronic diseases, high demands from patients choice and
service access, aging population, development of medical and pharmaceutical
technologies, political interference, need for clinical governance, increased accountability
and social responsibility demands partnerships, strategy changes and implementation.

The implementation of change process consists of the following steps:-


1. Identify the change requirement by using SWOT analysis and PEST analysis and it
make a vital role to identify the requirements.
2. Determine the major issues involved with the change process.
3. To identify and assess the stakeholders
4. Obtain the support of vital persons
5. Clearly identify the obstacles
6. Understand the degree of risk and cost
7. Identify why the change resisted and find solution for manage it. (Riley, 2012)

LSC 4.1 –A critically assessment of the impact of organizational


culture on change

““A pattern of shared basic assumptions " invented, discovered, or developed by a given
group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal
integration" that have worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be
taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those
problems”” (Schein, 1992, p. 9).

The organizational culture can examine in different levels and it reflected in the selection
of cultural research and also development methods. The various methods generate
information about the different levels of culture.
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC

The first level of culture shows a visible organizational process and different artifacts, such
as dress codes, tidiness of the work place and behavior.

The second cultural level is organizations espoused values, such as official objectives,
declared norms and operating philosophy. It will not reflect in day to day operations. It is
the deepest level of culture level such as underlying assumptions.

(Oedewald, 2002)

LSC 4.2- A critically assessment of the impact of stakeholders on the


change process

Stakeholder’s analysis helps to identify all with an interest in change and need to be
involved in change process also to improve services delivery such as clinicians,
administrative staff, patients and user groups. Stakeholder involvement avoids conflicts
and delays in change process. Identifying and prioritizing the stakeholders is an important
process. The important stakeholders in health sector are the 9 cs such as:-
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
1. Commissioners: those that pay the organisation to do things
2. Customers: those that acquire and use the organisation's products
3. Collaborators: those with whom the organisation works to develop and deliver products
4. Contributors: those from whom the organisation acquires content for products
5. Channels: those who provide the organisation with a route to a market or customer
6. Commentators: those whose opinions of the organisation are heard by customers and
others
7. Consumers: those who are served by our customers: i.e. patients, families, users
8. Champions: those who believe in and will actively promote the project
9. Competitors: those working in the same area who offer similar or alternative services

The four sector table below shows the priority of stakeholders.


(NHS, 2006-2013)

LSC 4.3- A critically assessment of the impact of organizational politics


on change

The organizational office politics plays especially during the time of organizational change
and drive the politics in a productive manner diminishes the negative effects of politics,
moreover redirecting the politics and during transition period clearly communicate how
the organization doing.
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
Effects of politics on organization and employees:

1. Decrease in overall productivity


2. Affects Concentration
3. Spoils the Ambience
4. Changes the Attitude of employees
5. Demotivating employees
6. Increases Stress
7. Wrong Information

(Guide, 2013)

LSC 4.4- A systematical evaluation of appropriate method for ensuring


the commitment of professional staff to strategic change

The implementation process in change has a high influence by HR. Competencies required
for effectiveness and to solve the resistance issues and successful implementation of
change required co-operation from HR. To participation of the HR without resistance is
essential to provide and consider the following:-
Education and training
Practice opportunities
Feedback and reflection
Support system
Manage dual role as HR executive and change agent
Change up, change sideways and change down
Building successful partnerships such as synergy in thinking, co-ordinate action, use
of scarce resources, sequencing projects, access to expanded skills and prospective.
(Bratton, 2001)

Learning Outcome – 5

LSC 5- The techniques for embedding change within an organization

To fix the change within an organization, there are various techniques that effects to the
change process. Aware an overall picturisation of the change plan and act and implement
it correctly.

Firstly, remove the objectives and invite the attention of those who will be participating
the change process and let them know there is no way back and create a crisis to go
forward and inspire to obtain significant goals. Provide psychological support to
executives and let them learn the aim and obtain it.

Secondly, if required shake people from comfort zones and provide evidence to them for
the need of change and fix the target time to finish it. Learn them to change and provide
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
facilitator and make it easy and delayed awards for key people. Consequently build the
change into formal systems and structure and give roles and assure involvement. Tell
people what to do and not how and help the team and control the team. Let people action
first and train new knowledge and skills.

Finally, re-design the organization to behavior change and design and align rewards with
behavior change and use formal rituals to confirm change. Therefore plan everyone
together and create a motivating view of the future and break things down to smaller
packages, besides that give them formal objectives and reestablish and build it into the
social fabric and move to a new organization.
(Changing Minds, 2013)

LSC 5.1 – An investigation of techniques used to embed change in an


organization

The control function ensures the actual results and planned results. Control tools and
techniques used to identify organizational strengths and weaknesses on which control
strategy must focus. There are financial and nonfinancial control techniques. The non-
financial control techniques consist of:-
1. Rewards and punishments
2. Selection procedures
3. Socialization and training
4. Management hierarchy
5. Management by exception
6. Inventory and quality control
7. PERT – Program Evaluation Review Technique

(Ryszard Barnat LLM., 2005)

LSC 5.2- A systematic analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of


different leadership strategies
Refers to (Mohlabe, 2011), great leaders always have great strategies and great
result in leadership. The top ten leadership strategies are:-

1. Be vision conscious

2. Value people

3. Build a strong team of leaders

4. Know and embrace your values

5. Listen effectively
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
6. Communicate effectively

7. Be a catalyst of change

.8. Be a good motivator

9. Don't be afraid to take hard decisions

10. Develop your leadership

LSC 5.3- The recommended and justified appropriate leadership


strategies for different change scenarios
The effectiveness of organizational strategy interdependent to the leadership strategy,
without a great leader there is no success guarantee, besides that the work team not
functions effectively. The leadership styles are:-
 Leading from the front
 Supportive leadership style
 Interactive leadership style

The leadership style strategies based on personality traits such as:


 Directive leadership
 Structured leadership
 Intuitive or process driven leadership
When selecting a leadership strategy/style, the following points to be considered.
 Leader should aware not only own personality and traits, but also team member or
follows
 A consistent leadership may not adopt throughout career
 Avoid imitations, because each situation is unique
 Try new approaches to solve work problems
 Enhance leadership skills and experience matter too.
(Guide, 2013)

Recommendation
Out of autocratic leadership style, the laissez faire leadership style,
democratic/participative leadership style and bureaucratic leadership style, it is
recommended that, the democratic/participative leadership style, because the human
brains are the base of innovation, if work in an order and obey system; there is no
innovation and creativity. If there is no innovation and creativity, there is no progress and
satisfaction. If there is no satisfaction, there is no ideal leadership or management exists.
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
LSC 5.4- An Illustration of how an organization can retain the capacity
for further change.

Refers to (Alliance, 2013), ““Capacity includes capabilities, knowledge, and


resources that organization’s needs in order to fulfil its mission through a blend of
sound management, strong governance, and a persistent rededication to achieving
results. Capacity building refers to activities that strengthen an organization and
help it better fulfil its mission. These activities include, among others, strategic
planning, technology upgrades, operational improvements, and board
development.”” (Alliance, 2013)

Capacity building

The Capacity building and continuous evaluation and monitoring and enhancements helps
to retain the capacity of future changes.

Conclusion
The change required in social and health care sector due to provide the ultimate quality
services to the users, therefore planning procedures for effective strategy to solve the
existing problems and apply changes without any resistance demands analysis and
evaluation to obtain the solution to attain the ultimate aim of health care sector of
ultimate satisfied quality service.
Leading Strategic Change Assignment No...LSC
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