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Transportation
The transportation process explains how to configure the transportation of goods there by
controlling all the necessary activities that take place during the delivery of goods to the
customer. In this module, we can discuss the configuration settings required to map all the
transportation activities in the SAP system. The following picture explains the process flow
in sales with the transportation process.
Setting-1: Transportation planning point.
It is the responsible organizational element for planning the shipment with particular
features. Each shipment is assigned to one transportation planning point. For example, if
the company has different groups of shipping personnel for organizing the shipment by
train, by ship and by road. We need to define the corresponding transportation planning
points for each of these groups, i.e., we have to define four transportation planning points.
Defining transportation planning point:
Path: SPRO--->enterprise structure--->definition--->logistics-execution--->maintain
transportation planning point.
-Go to “new entries” and create the required transportation planning point for the required
company code.
-Select the “address” icon and specify the required data of the transportation planning point.
Setting-2: Mode of transport.
The mode of transport can be by air or by road or by sea etc. this is used to capture the
freight expenses (shipment cost) as well as to implement the transportation functionality. So
this step needs to be done to check by which mode of transport the goods are dispatched to
the customer. For defining this, go to;
Path: SPRO--->logistics-execution--->transportation--->basic transportation functions---
>routes--->define routesàdefine modes of transport.
Go to “new entries” and create the required modes of transport.
Setting-3: Shipping type.
We define the shipping type in combination with the mode of transport as the shipping type
specifies the vehicle by which goods can be delivered to the customers. For example, the
mode of transport “by road”, we can have different shipping types like truck, freight car,
lorry, container, etc. Depending on the requirement we can have many shipping types for
one mode of transport. For defining this, go to;
Path: SPRO--->logistics-execution--->transportation--->basic transportation functions---
>routes--->define routesàdefine shipping types.
Go to “new entries” and create the required shipping type with the corresponding mode of
transport. For each shipping type, we have to specify the corresponding “shipping type
procedure group (STPG)” which is one of the criteria that automatically determines the
corresponding pricing procedure for calculating shipment cost.
Setting-4: Creating vendor master record for the transportation agent/forwarding
agent/service agent.
Go to XK01.
Create a vendor master record for the transportation agent by using the account group ‘0005
(forwarding agent)’.
These core tutorials will help you to learn the Transportation in SAP SD. For an in-d
epth
-Defining route.
Path: SPROàlogistics-executionàtransportationàbasic transportation
functionsàroutesàdefine routesàdefine routes and stages.
-Go to “new entries” and define the route.
-In the definition of the route, we need to specify the description, route ID, service agent
providing the transportation agent in that route, mode of transport, shipping type, total
distance in that route, the total allowed weight in that route and the corresponding lead time
like transit time, travel duration, transportation lead time in days and hours.
-In the definition of route, we can also specify the “factory calendar”.
-For each route, if required we can maintain different stages. For this, go to; “routes stages”.
-For creating a stage, select the icon “add new entry”.
-In the definition of the stage, we need to specify the departure point, the destination point,
the service agent providing the transportation, distance, shipping type and the
corresponding lead times travel duration and total duration.
-In the definition of stage, the field “stage category” specifies whether that stage is a load
transfer point or border crossing point or a transportation point where the company has its
customers.
-In the definition of stage, the field “shipment costs relevance” specifies whether the stage is
relevant for calculating the shipment costs. If the requirement is to calculate the shipment
costs depending on stages, we have to check this field.
-In the definition of stage, we can also specify the “factory calendar”.
-For each route, we can maintain different transportation connection points. For maintaining
this, go to; “transportation connection points”.
-A transportation connection point can be a load transfer point or a train station or an airport
or border crossing point or sea harbor or inland port.
-In the definition of transportation connection point, we can specify customs office also.
-Select the tab page “reference shipping point/plant” where we can specify the
corresponding shipping point and plant from which the goods are transferred to the
transportation connection point.
-If the transportation connection point is a train station, we can maintain the corresponding
point is a train station, we can maintain the corresponding information on the tab page “rail
data”. Here we can specify the train station name whether it is a general cargo train or
express train etc.
-Save the route with the corresponding stages and transportation connection point
-Route determination
Route determination in sales order: While creating the sales order the system
automatically determines a corresponding route for each item. For this, the following setting
must be done.
Path: SPRO--->logistics- execution--->transportation--->basic transportation functions---
>routes--->route determinationàmaintain route determination.
-Go to “new entries” and specify the following data.
-Country of departure (country of shipping point).
-Departure zone (transportation zone of shipping point).
-Destination country (country of ship-to-party).
-Receiving zone (transportation zone of ship-to-party).
-Select the above-entered combination and go to; “route determination without weight group
(order)”.
-Go to “new entries” and assign the route to the combination of shipping conditions and
transportation group.
Route determination in delivery: The shipping document type determines whether the
route shall be copied from sales order to delivery or a new route has to be determined into
delivery. Because we can know the exact weight of the consignment at the time of delivery
only, it is always a best practice to re-determine the route in delivery. For example, an over-
weight of goods could mean that now the delivery is too heavy to be delivered by flight and
must be conveyed by train.
For this reason the “weight group” is used as an additional factor in deciding the route in
delivery. The weight group is determined by the total weight of the consignment. For
defining this, go to;
Path: SPRO-->logistics-execution--->transportation--->basic transportation functions---
>routes--->route determination--->define weight groups.
Go to “new entries” and create the required weight group with the corresponding weight
range.
Now we shall assign the route by using this weight group. For this, go to the previous SPRO
screen and select “maintain route determination”.
Select the required combination of the country of departure, departure zone, destination
country and receiving zone and go to; “route determination with weight group (delivery)”.
Go to “new entries” and assign the route to the combination of shipping conditions,
transportation group, and weight group.
Note: By using the delivery document type we shall specify whether the route shall be
copied from order to delivery or a new route shall be determined into delivery. For
configuring this, go to;
Path: SPRO--->logistics-execution--->transportation--->basic transportation functions---
>routes--->route determination--->define new route determination by delivery type.
Select the required delivery type and specify whether the route shall be copied from
order to delivery or a new route shall be determined into delivery.
Note: Unlike the sales order items where each item can have a separate route, all the items
in the delivery must have same route.
Setting-6: Maintaining transportation relevance.
In this step, we specify the transportation relevance for the delivery types, delivery item
categories, and the routes. The delivery types and the corresponding item categories for
which the transportation is to be carried out must be characterized as relevant for
transportation, and all those that are used for shipment must also be relevant for
transportation. For configuring this, go to;
Path: SPRO--->logistics-execution--->transportation--->shipments--->maintain
transportation relevance.
SAP SD Implementation
SAP SD Module