Difference among different type of flame safety lamps

Gl-5 Gl-50 Gl-60 Gl-7

1. Used for accumulation
Used for percentage test Used for percentage test Used for percentage test
test
2. Fuel colorless kerosene SBP-55/110 or ESSO SBP-55/110 or ESSO SBP-55/110 or ESSO
oil solvent no.-1425 solvent no.-1425 solvent no.-1425
3. It has got two cylinder
glasses surrounding the One glass One glass One glass
flame
4. It has mid feed
Top feed Top feed Top feed
arrangement
5. Non Relighting Non Relighting
Relighting arrangement Relighting arrangement
arrangement arrangement
6. Flat wick Round wick Round wick Round wick
7. 20 & 28/20 holes/inch
20,20 holes/inch 20,20 holes/inch 20,20 holes/inch
type meshes
8. It has combustion tube Absent Absent Absent
9. Deflector ring in the
middle of inner side of Double bonnet Double bonnet Double bonnet
bonnet
10. Bonnet of incline
Vertical (cylinder type) Vertical (cylinder type) Vertical (cylinder type)
edge(cone type)
11. Cone type roof Plane Plane Plane
12.Ir can be used in
maximum 5 m/sec air From 12.5 to 15 m/sec From 12.5 to 15 m/sec From 12.5 to 15 m/sec
velocity
13.Moreweight from GL-
- - -
60
Oil vessel having
14. Oil vessel having non
battery container of 1.5
spill type oil value in - -
+1.5v and oil oil value
upper side
on the side of oil vessel
Wick is displaced
15. Wick-plicker adjusted Same as GL-50
upward or downward
by vertical displacement Same as GL-50 methane gas indicator
by clockwise movement
directly measuring scale
of wick adjuster
GL-5 flat wick body temp is mesh (70deg c); fuel is kerosene 1975_157577-1975-1986 (Amdement) circular wick is
required.
(ii) No cotton absorbent midi no oil vessel to absorb fuel (14 gm cotton is mreted ) hit deep galvanized coated- 10
year corrosion free, 20 gauge (9mm) bran-ductility (3.5mm)& pillar-5.2mm
8-9mm hole → Few air come out
4 to 810 mm → Notice ani cone out in conic gauge 1.5 mm gap between two wire gauge & create
carbon film.
20 Msn/Men
Wire gauge → Charcoal Annealed
Toys glass → Thickness 5mm ± .5

QUESTION AND ANSWER FOR GAS TESTING EXAMINATION

Prepared by: M.V.T.C. II RG
Q.1. What is gas?
Ans. Gas includes fume or vapor.

Q.2. What are the gas present in the atmospheric air?

Ans. O2 = 20.93%
N2 = 79.04%
CO2 = 0.03%
Total = 100.00

Q.3. What is difference between U/G______________ atmosphere and atmospheric air?

Ans. Mine air differs from surface air and chiefly contains smaller percentages of O2 and larger percentage of CO2
and varying quantities of other gases compounds.

Q. 4. What are the gases present in the main return air way of a mine?
Ans. In degree II & III gassy seem, approximately the following the gases may present
O2=20.20%
N2=70.90%
CO2=0.36%
CH4=0.46%
Total = 100.00

Q.5. What is the reason for main air pollution?

Ans. (a) Due to oxidation Coal
(b) Due to respiration of men
© Due to burning of lamps
(d) Due to decay of timber other carbonaceous material
(e) Due to blasting explosives
(f) Due to running of machinery (g) Die to extensive gases coming out from start

Q6 What are the physiological effects of oxygen?

Ans. At 17% → O2 breathing becomes faster and deeper
15% → dizziness, buzzing in the ears and rapid heart beat
13% → Unconsciousness after prolonged exposure
10% → Unconsciousness follows in half an hour
7% → painting with palpitations, mined become confuses and loss of sense, loss of consciousness and
death
2% → Death occurs within less than a minute and without any warning

Q.7. What is the importance of nitrogen?

Ans. It is the most abundant element existing as a gas in nature comprising 4/5 of the atmosphere. It is
comparatively inactive and inert gas and non supporter of combustion. It has no__________ logical effect on men or
animals and in the atmosphere___act assailment of the oxygen. Most of the ___ nitrogen from the soil. Animal’s
derive____ from vegetables and animals substances taken as food. Compounds of nitrogen are used in the
manufacture of explosive.

Q.8. What is difference between oxidation, combustion, explosion and detonation?

Ans. There are similar in the fact that they are chemical reactions of carbonaceous substances with oxygen. But
difference in the speed of reaction i.e. oxidation is much slow, combustion is a bit rapid, explosion is quick but
detonation is instantaneous.

Q.9. What is diffusion of gasses?

Ans. It is the intermixing of the gasses by xx purely self acting process without the help out side bodies like air,
gravity due to inter moloecularsplaces and inter molecular spaces of the tiny particles. This process helps for radiant
dispression of main gasses.
Q.10. What gasses are met in a mine?
Ans. Mainly eight gases – Fire Damp, Black Damp, White Damp Stink Damp, After Damp, Gob Stink,SO2 and
nitrous fumes are found in mines.

Q.11. What is black damp?

Ans. It is mixer of gases having CO2 and excessive nitrogen, it is dangerous due to its oxygen deficiency but non
poisonous tested by flame safety lamp, or headlands tube. It is found in the low lying areas like damp, swamps,
wells ,pit, dip heading, blind galleries, stopping etc. removed by injecting compressed air or stem heavily or
throwing lime.

Q.12. What is fire damp?

Ans. It is found in the rise part soft the main like roof, cracks, crevices, fissures, hanging, cavity. Removed by pipe
drawing to the main return and hurdle screen, boostering detected by lower flame safety lamp.

Q.13. What is the white damp?

Ans. It is mixture of gases having CO, which is to dangerous for life it is found near places like, where fire is going
on with insufficient supply of O2 like fire stopping, goaf, diesel engine, spontaneous combustion, old gallery,
compressed air plant, after damp it can be detected by birds (which are to delicate) and chemical detectors .it can be
removed by good ventilation or sealing of the heated areas.

Q.14 What is Stinks Damp?

Ans. It is a mixture of gasses having excess ---------------sulphuretted hydrogen and can be detected by the smell of
rotten egg. Blackening the lid-acetate paper and can be removed by stirring water throwing lime. It is found in old
stagnant water, sump dips and sinking pits.

Q 16 What is nitrous fumes?

Ans. These are mixture of oxides of nitrogen producing heavy coughing, bronchitis, harmful for our lungs and can
be detected by pungent smell, reddish color of nitrous fumes, start soaked potassium iodized paper turns blue,
irritating smell. It is found near blasting of nitroglycerine explosives and can be avoided by good detonation or
proper blasting and removed by good ventilation water spray and fume extractor.

Q.17. What is Gob stink?

Ans. It is mixture of gasses having CO2, CO, S etc, found near old working, ill ventilated goaf. It can be tested by
petrol smell, smoke, humming of insect, moisture on dry spot and high hygrometric rating. Stopped by proper air
sealing.

Q.18.What are the explosive gases in underground?

Ans. Fire Damp, White Damp, Stink Damp etc.

Q19.Name the poisonous gasses?

Ans. CO, Sulphurated hydrogen, (H2S), nitrous fumes.

Q.20. Who invented the flame safety lamp?

Ans. Sir Humpry Davy in 1815.

Q.21.What is the use of flame safety lamp?

Ans. It is used for knowing the persons and amount of fire damp, the respirability of air, for giving efficient,
harmless reliable light in gassy mines and to detect black damp
STATUTORY USE OF FLAME SAFETY LAMP IN MINES:-In seams in which an explosion or ignition of
inflammable gas has occurred, in which district inflammable gas has been found. In degree II & III gassy mines,
reopening, dewarting ,working near geological disturbances, dealing with fire and explosions, restarting of main
fans, shot firing in gassy mines, where the inspector suggest, beginning of shifts.

Q.22.What gases are detected by the flame safety?

Ans. Fire Damp, Black Damp ,and deficiency of Oxygen.
Q.23.Where do you use flame safety lamp in degree- I gassy mine?
Ans. Approaching fault or dyke (100') or water logger area (200'), re-opening or a closer, sinking shaft, old working,
goaf area before charging of explosives and beginning of shifts.

Q.24. Give purpose of different parts of flame safety lamp?

Ans. (a) Bonnet: -To get with stand against high velocity of air and mechanical preptection to the gasses.
(b) Inner glass (combustion tube):-To separate inlet and outlet air and better draught.
(c) Chimney: - To make batter to draught.
(d) Stands: - To protect the glass and connect the upper part to the lower part.
(e) Glass: - TO protect the lamp and steady light.
(f) Pricker: - TO adjust the flame.
(g) Lock: - To to restrict unauthorized, illegal opening.
(h) Air ring:-To inlet air and to ease, quick extinguishing of the lamp.

Q.25. What is the purpose of wire gauge?

Ans. It splites the flame into tounges and reduce the temperature of the flame to below the ignition temperature of
the methane gas by observing the heat.
It prevents the passages of flame by splitting up into a large number of small tounges which are rapidly cooled by
conduction as they try to pass through the gauge aperature. It cools the hot flame.

Q.26. Why are the gauges not large in dia or length?

Ans. If the dia or length increases the flame pass through the wire gauge.

Q.27. What is the disadvantage of F.S.L. with single wire gauge?

Ans. If there is too much hot combustible mixture, the single one will be too insufficient to dissipate the heat.

Q28 Why are some F. S. L. ,s magnetically locked?

Ans. It gives greater assurance associated opening.

Q29 Will you test black damp with carbide light?

Ans. No for it can burn up to 12% of O2 which is inadequate for respiration .

Q30. What are the most important thing in F.S.L. ?

Ans. The wire gauge, lock and air – tightness.

Q 31.What type of oil used in a F.S.L. /

Ans. White kerosene, Mineral oil, Spirit and approved oils.

Q 32. What will you do if the glass breaks in underground?

Ans. Bring down the wich by the picker and extinguish the lamp.

Q.33.What air speed a F.S.L. can with stand?

Ans. Upto 12.5 M/Sec .

Q.34. Explation about Re-lighting station?

Ans. In every mine for Re-lighting the F.S.L. may be fixed by the manager at suitable place below growing. Every
such station shall be leagily marked as “Re-lighting station” and shall be situated in a main intake airway and shall
be placed in charge of a competent person. No persons shall be appointed as a competent person unless he holds a
Gas Testing Certificate.

Q.35.What will you do if your F.S.L. is extinguished in underground?

Ans. I will relight it by automatic re lighter in the relighting station and search for the cause.
Q.36. How many tests are made before blasting in gassy mine?
Ans.Test for gasses (18 m Radius) before placing holes, before charging and firing i.e. three times.

Q.37. What precaution will you take before taking F.S.L. underground?
Ans. Surety of oil, pricker, efficient flameless burning uncracked and tight glass (to be tasted by trying to remove the
glass). Provision of wire gauge, combustion tube, generally in good condition, proper assemblage (puff in the air
port near the neck), lock.

Q.38. Describe the circulation of air in the F.S.L.?

Ans. Entering through the inlet ring goes up, come down by the deflecting ring , faces the flames becomes heated
and burnt. Goes up by the inner glass, gauge and outlet tube.

Q.39.Why flame safety lamp called safe?

Ans. It is called so, for it can withstand against mechanical injury and high air velocity by the bonnet. It can check
the presence of gas. It tells about the respirability of air, the presence of black dump, non-liability to become
extinguish. It gives safe, bright light. It is safe in gassy and fiery/mine. It cannot be opened illegally.

Q.40.when does a F.S.L becomes unsafe?

Ans. (a) When it is handed over to an incompetent and unauthorized person.
(b)When it is placed in underground within 6.6 m of every swinging tools.
(c) When it is left/unattended some where in mine.
(d) If soots gets deposited on the wire gauge.
(e) If the F.S.L. is allowed to burn in a methane rich atmosphere for a long time.
(f) If the lamp falls down from a height.

Q.41. How do you assemble the flame safety lamp?

Ans. Keep all the parts at one place and observe their safe aspects. Take the bonnet into the left hand in 45degree
angle and then place the big and small wire gauge , chimney fitted with small glass, as besots washer, glass, asbestos
washer, place the check nut and tight them in spanner. After assemble the oil tank place the bonnet outer it and turn
till the magnetic lock got lock.

Q.42.How do you detect the black damp in mine?

Ans. The presence of black damp makes itself evident in its effect on the flame of an oil safety lamp. The light being
diminished to an extent which depends on the percentage of oxygen deficiency. For every 5%% of black damp
present , 1% reduction in O2% and causes the reduction of illumination by 30%. The light is extinguished altogether
when the oxygen is reduced to 17.5% which correspondence to about 15% black damp.

Q.43 How do you test the Black Damp?

Ans. (Practical) Take the normal F.S.L. and start testing from higher level to lower level other wise the flame will
extinguish leaving you in darkness and danger.

Q.44. What is Hoolamite?

Ans. It is a tube containing chemical to register the presence of white damp by a specific colors change.

Q.45.A safety lamp is taken into an unventilated part and the light becomes dim. How can you say it is due to black
damp or (deficiency) want of oxygen?
Ans. Incase of oxygen want (deficiency) i.e. less than 19% the light become dim both near and floor. But in case of
black damp, dimming will be mainly near the floor only.

Q.46. What explosive are used in gassy mine?

Ans. Permitted explosive like polar Ajax, unigex etc.

Q.47.Why deep mines produce too much gas?

Ans. Every mine gas to start with. But in case of shallow mines the gas get chance to escape through the cracks,
pores, fissures. Where in deep the mines they are entrapped.

Q.48. What are Blowers & Outbursts?

Ans. A blower is a slow intermittent issue of gas, generally carried by the ventilating air. When as the outburst is
sudden & heavy out come of gas equally violent displacement of coal or coal dust. Blower requires good speedy
ventilation where as out, burst requires avoidance of intensive pressure.
Q.49. Limits of different test of fire damp?
Ans. (a) Acumlation test, if the gas is more than 3%
(b)Percentage test, if the gas is between 1.25 to 3%
(c) Sampling, if the gas is between 0% to 1.25 %

Q.50 What is inflammable mixure?

Ans. An inflammable mixure of gases is that which when once ignited will allow flame to be self prppagated
throughout the mixure, independent of and away from the source of ignition.

Q.51. What are the limits of inflamablity methane gas/fire damp?

Ans. There are two limits of proportion of fire damp,air mixure when an explosion can occur.They are called limits
of inflammability. [5.4 to 14.8% of CH4] 5 to 15% of gas.

Q.52 Ignition temperature of Ch4?

Ans. Normally 650 º -750 º and by adiabatic compression.130º to 810 º

Q.53. What is lag on ignition?

Ans. It is the time between application of flame to a body and the start of combustion.

Q.54. What is ignition temperature?

Ans. It is the temperature at which the chemical affinity of the reacting substance mobilizes to inter into power
reaction.

Q 55. What are physiological effects of fire damp on men?

Ans. Methane is not piousness and its on human body is purely negative except in sofar as its presences necessarily
the oxygen content of the atmosphere. So long as sufficient oxygen is present to support life it is quite immaterial
how much methane. There may be present at the same time men can live quite well in 15% of oxygen i.e. in an
atmosphere containing above 25% methane and 75%air, but only further great decrease. In the presence of oxygen,
due to intrusion of more methane leads to loss of consciousness & ultimately death due to deficiency of oxygen.

Q.57. How much air is inhaled by man?

Ans. 16 cft/hr at rest, 200 cft/hr at work.

Q.58. What is the standard testing flame?

Ans. A standard flame is made by drawing down the wick; still there is a continuous blue line at the top of flame.
There should be no white light the height about 0.15”. But in case of accumulation test a flame with normal or
slightly reduced size is used.

Q.59. What test perform first for fire damp detection and why?
Ans. During testing fire damp I shall make the accumulation test fire at this time of the gas may rapidly increase.
There may be variable amount of gas. So no result by % test. At this stage a F.S.L. is less likely to pass flame with a
normal wick. Reduced flame for the gauzes for full of extensive mixture of combustion, so less explosion inside.
No fear of loosing light.

Q.60. Size of testing flame?

Ans. 1/6” flame gas = 1.5 %, ¼” = 2%, 1/3 =2.5%, ½ = 2.5 to 3% More then ½” =3.5% more than 1” =4% gas.

Q.61. If the flame height 1.11 what is the % of gas?

Ans. 4%.

Q.62. How do you detect the damp in the roof cavity?

Ans. By ridding a ladder and taking a top feed F.S.L. or piping by an aspirator through a rubber tubing before the
F.S.L or F.S.L fitter with probe.
Q.63. At what % of gas, electricity should be cut of?
Ans. 1.25% of CH4.

Q.64. What is inflammable gas?

Ans. It is the mixture of combustion gasses (like CH4) and supporter of combustion (O2) in the appropriate quantity
just to start inflammation.

Q.65. At what % will you withdraw men incase of CH4?

Ans. At 1.25% of CH4.

Q. 66. Can you use electrical apparatus in a gassy mine?

Ans. Yes, by fitting F.L.P. & Intrinsically safe apparatus & with better ventilation.

Q.67. What type of detonator you use in gassy mine?

Ans. No. 6 detonator, noble copper made tube.

Q.68. What is wax walling?

Ans. It is a stopping of mutti and cow dung to steel of black damp etc.

Q.69. In a gallery of black damp there are F.S.L, Mugbutti, Lanterns and carbide lamp. Which lamp should
extinguish first?
Ans. The safety lamp will extinguish first and the carbide lamp should be last, because of the controlled ventilation
of the former and oxygen independence of later.

Q.70. Why petrol engine not use din underground?

Ans. Because it gives spark (source of explosion) , white damp (dangerous to life ), Aldehides(injures to health) and
smoke. It can use by better ventilation reaching air to it and by fitting exhaust conditioner and flame trap.

Q.71. What happens while breathing at high altitudes?

Ans. Man suffers in creasing discomfort and distress at increasing altitude for the air is less dense and the oxygen
inhaled is reduced.

Q.72. What will you do when gob fire occurs in a gassy mine?
Ans. Withdraws all workmen, summon the rescue bridge, arrange materials, stone dust heavily, keep ventilation, try
to isolate the fire. Chose place for stopping, balance the pressure. Examine the stopping after 24 hours. During
working keep F.S.L. and birds, hygrometer, first aid, air analyses.

Q.73. What is Burnside – Boring apparatus?

Ans. It is a ling Boring machine used for proving the old barrier in water logged area with greater safety.

Q.74. How do you detect Nitrous fumes?

Ans. Starch soaked potassium iodide paper turns blue, irrating smell of burning sulfur.

Q.75.What is adequate ventilation?

Ans. It means supplying such quantity and of such quantity and of such quality of air so as to ensure that it contains
not less than 19% of O2 not more than 0.5% of CO2, and the combustible gases does not exceed 0.75%in return air
body &1.25% in other places. Temperature not exceeding 30º C (90.5ºF). Quantity of air should be 6M³/min/person
with sufficient speed to remove smoke, fumes etc and cool and dry air.

Q.76. How will you ventilate a face?

Ans. By bratticing, piping or boosting.

Q.77. What are the cause of fire and explosion?

Ans. If there are propotional quantity of gas and presence of adequate flame e.g. Naked light, spark, friction,
blasting, illegal F.S.L. opening, electricity, flame, and smoking.
Q.78. How do you detect black damp in a mine?
Ans. It can be detect by F.S.L., Helodones tube. The lamp dims brilliancy by 30% at 1%defficency of oxygen at
5%o of black damp. The F.S.L. extinguishes at17.5% oxygen.

Q.79. why CO2 fails to support combustion?

Ans. It is due to the fact that CVO2 is an end product. Complete combustion and oxygen is highly affnited with
carbon in CO2.

Q.80. What is candle power?

Ans. It is the unit for standerdisation of brilliancy whole light with a candle of a specific make.

Q.81. Why fire damp not found in after damp?

Ans. Due to existing explosion, the CH4 converts into CO2 + water.

Q.82. why white damp can not be detect by F.S.L ?

Ans. The small proportion of Co will be very difficult to be registered by F.S.L. where as the feeble % will be too
dangerous for human being.

Q.83 what will you do after detect a gas?

Ans. I will attempt to drive it out safely by improving the ventilation.

Q.84. What is a flame?

Ans. The flame is a business place and the reacting gases where the hydrogen etc., brake up or new reaction takes
place with oxygen. It has three zones. The inner pale blue zone of non combustion where on and coldness. 2nd zone
of incomplete combustion where reaction takes at high temperature $brilliant light. The other yellow zone or
complete combustion of high temperature.

Q.85. Why is cap formed?

Ans. It is because of the gas in close proximity to the flame which gets sufficient heat to cause the gas burn. The
duel flame produced by this burning gas is found as a cap.

Q.86. How can you check the gas presence in a shinking shaft?
Ans. It can be done by hanging F.S.L. by a rope and observing the flame from a slowly downing cage.

Q.87. What is hygrometer?

Ans. It is an instrument containing dry and wet thermometer to tell the wetness of the air by whirling to find out the
relative humidity.

Q.88. What precaution do you take during de- watering?

Ans. Use F.S.L from 200’behind pump with periodical stop to avoid water blast, detect for black damp and stink
damp.

Q.89. What are the measures to prevent fire in S.L. room?

Ans. Building of incombustible materials, prohibitation of firing and smoking, separate room for filling, etc.
provision to fire extinguishers like sand chemicals, preventation of un-authorized entry, direct sub light on oil room,
ventilator cleanliness of room & responsible staff.

Q.90. How do you extinguish the fire in S.L. room?

Ans. By using sand, dust and fire extinguishers.

Q.91. What precaution you will take in a hot gallery?

Ans. Find the cause, remove men, make proper ventilation by coursing otherwise fence it.

Q.92. A man is gassed, how to rescue him?

Ans. asks for breathing bag or smoke helmet or gas mask or cover the nose with wet napkin. Bind safety belt, caught
by a distant man, quickly bring him to the fresh sir, go crawling if it is a lighter gas. Give artificial respiration, hot
drink massages etc in a doctor.

Q.93 what are physiological effect of black damp?

Ans. (25%B.D.) At 3% of CO2 –– double breathing.
(50% B.D.) At 6% of CO2 –– deep panting and distress.
(60% B.D.) At 7% of CO2 –– soon collapse.

Q.94. What is the physiological effect of CO?

Ans. At.0.02% of CO –– distress.
At 0.2% of CO –– unconsciousness.
At 1.0% of CO –– death with in 10 minutes.
The ill effect due to CO gas which enter the blood and position it, Headache, Muscular pain, Loss of mental
dearagment and paralysis heart damages.

Q.95. What precautions you will take in case of sudden gas trouble in a face?
Ans. Withdraw men, stop machine inform the other district, fencing report. Watch the nature of flow and remove by
ventilation.

Q.96. How will you test the fire stopping?

Ans. Take F.S.L., burd, hygrometer, sampling bottle record book, chalk. See for presence of gas, any cracks, smell,
white wash, stone dusting and not the temperature; take the samples both from intake and return side.

Q.97. What are fittings of ventilation appliances?

Ans. Door, brattice, regulator, stopping, screen, fans, duct, crossing, airlock, airways.

Q98. What precautions you will take while approaching geological disturbances?
Ans. No light other than a F.S.L, check gas, put 1.5 meter advanced bore hold. No explosive. Ensure ventilation and
support.

Q.99. What are the different types of fire damp detectors?

Ans. F.S.L, Ring rose, F.D.Dector, drag color change, recorders.

Q.100. If the fire stopping gets heated what will you conclude?
Ans. Active fire is there. There must be supply of air through leakage chances of mine mine air pollution and
explosion, defective ventilation, re-built or repair the stopping.

Q.101. What is in combustion period?

Ans. It is the time lapse between 1st falls of coal after depillaring to the appearance of fire or gob fire. It is different
from different seems. For Jharia it is three months, Rajiguanj 9 months.

Q102.can you test the gas with an electric safety lamp?

Ans. No. as there is no flame, it will be difficult to note the along action of the testing flame. But ring rose firing
damp detector can help us by fluctuating action of a diapharma to switch of a bulb.

Q 103.How will you test the fire damp?

Ans. With a F.S.L with a lower testing flame and I will test for accumulation test followed by percentage test.

Q.04. Have you seen the gas?

Ans. Though I have not seen in amine, but I have seen it in a test room gallery in the M.V.T.C.

Q.105 duties of the S.L. room incharge?

Ans. Proper maintains of the lamps, keeping the lamps in neat and tidy condition, to keep out all the damage and
defective gauzes, glasses and other parts, to provide active fire extinguishers, maintaining the records for the
distribution of lamps.
Q.106. what are the underground arrangements for fan ventilation?
Ans. (a) Separate routes for intake and return air. (b) Ventilation stopping. (c) Isolation of unnecessary areas. (d)
Placing of doors, air locks and brattices. (e) Ventilation survey. (f) Smooth and roomy air way. (g)Air measurements
stations and (h) standing order.

Q.107. Where will you use electric light in a mine?

Ans. In take roadways, any other places within 300’ of intake air way, provided the lamp should be approved, low
voltage and safety maintained.

Q.108. How do you maintain a safety lamp?

Ans. Appoint a competent person to clean, examines, repair and lock and keep safe condition before distribution,
examination of all returned lamps, weekly examination by a superior staff, properly numbered, maintain distribution
records well, receive well, receive the same lamp issued, prohibitation to unauthorized entry, restriction of improper
use, stops to be taken for defective lamps, proper assemblage, keep a side unsound part.

Q.109. How do you collect mine air samples?

Ans. (a) Take one water filled bottle, come to the spot, through away water. Air enters in it, stopper the bottle. (b)
With the sample has to be taken from behind the stopping, open the sampling pipe cocks bring the vacuum bulb and
connect the pipe with rubber tube. Collect and close the bulb, put date, place etc. time during 12am. To 12pm.

Q.110. Dealing with fire:

Ans. Digging out fire in case of a district on fire, drowning the fire with water in case of mine fire, flooding the fire
area with inert gas in case of extensive fire, throwing of inert dust in case of local fire, pour CO2 in oil and electric
fires.

Q.111. Purpose of ventilation:

Ans. To maintain of proper condition of mine atmosphere having 19% of O2, and less than 0.5% of CO2, to dilute
noxious and inflammable gases to restore good control of temperature and humidity and to remove dust and smoke
etc.

Q.112. What is relative humidity?

Ans. It is the degree of wetness of the air which is the ratio of water vapor present in a certain volume of air to the
mass of vapour required to saturate same volume of air at the same temperature. Wet bulb should not be more than
33.5ºC.

Q.113. If any place in an official district in which persons at work has becomes dangerous owning presence of
inflammable gas in excessive concentration or from any other case: what action must be the deputy take?
Ans. He must forthwith withdraw all persons from the area affected. Inform his immediate superior and the person
of another part of the mine likely to be affected. And as soon as he can do so without undue risk, he ascertains or
causes some competent person to ascertain the conditions of the affected area and the measures necessary to remove
the danger.

Q 114. When on any occasion workmen have been withdrawn from the affected area, will they be allowed to re
enter it?
Ans. no person shall be allowed to re enter the affected area both of the following condition are satisfied.(a) That
inflammable gas is not present in the area in concentration deemed to be excessive i.e. (2% mines in degree II & III
mines and 1.25% in other mines ) (b) The person incharge of the affected area (or the senior or his superiors if
present), is satisfied that it is free from all danger. Provided the three person is not prohibited from entering an
affected area for the purpose of saving life, ascertaining its conditions and the measures necessary for rendering it
safe, or ascertaining the effectiveness of the measures taken, and whether workman may be allowed to re- enter it.

Q.115. from the causes, other then the presence of gases, May a working place or part of a mine become safe?
Ans. The ventilation may be inadequate. The working place may “come on weight “, there may be observed or water
may be met with unexpectedly.
Q.116. If an officials finds a working place “on weight”. What immediate action should be taken?
Ans. If he can do so without undue risk he should cause additional props to be set and chock to be built, withdraw
the workmen and fence of all approaches.

Q.117. what steps should be taken below group to ensure that the largest possible proportion of the air delivered at
the bottom of the down cost shaft reaches the face working?
Ans. (a) Stopping and air crossing should be maintained in the air tight condition. (b) All connection not in use
between intake and return airways should be closed.

Q.118.Is it permissible to remove gas by wafting it out?

Ans. No. the removal of gas by was extinguisher fitting is prohibited.

Q.119. Specifications for recess for stopping?

Ans. Coal – 50 Cm. shale – 30 Cm, in the perimeter of the gallery, plastering up to 1 Mtr. Of the coal walls.

Q.120. Dealing with fires:

Ans. (a) Shaft: Open the cock of water pipe ring provided, spray water cover the shaft top temporarily to prevent air
passage, dig out the fire.

Q.121.Reduction of leakage in ventilation system?

Ans. (1) Separate intake and return as for as possible.
(2) Smooth air way. (3) Well built stopping and air crossing, (4) Solid road side pack s (5) Burry down road by
ripping down the roof. (6) Few connection between intake and return. (7) Strong support and avoid bottle neck in the
air way. (8) Ventilation survey. (9) Less regulator (10) Low water gauge.

Q.122. Apparatus for checking fire?

Ans. F.S.L., birds, Hygrometer, Sampling tools, Plan, Record book, chalk, I shall inspect the general condition,
crack, white, wash, gas, hotness, stone dusting, and stone dust barriers.

Q.123. What arrangements are kept to stop the auxiliary fans when main fan steppes?
Ans. Use sequence control by electronics.

Q 124. What is hygrometer and its use?

Ans. It is an instrument having one wet and one dry thermometer, which is whirled for 3 minutes at a speed of 200
RPM. It tells the wetness of the air and signifies the working conditions of the mine. The wet bulb temperature
should not exceed 35ºC. It is also called a hygrometer and use for knowing draying power of air.

Q.125. Why should the lamp be raised so higher then necessary to allow the presence of gas to be detected?
Ans. If the lower stratum of air in the cavity contained (say) 3% of gas, it is prohable that at a higher level mixture
would be explosive.

Q126. How would the person making the test know, if the gas is present?
Ans. The presence of gas would be indicated by the appearance of a pail blue conical cap surrounding the testing
flame.

Q.127. what precautions must a person should take before and after relighting a flame safety lamp at a lamp station
or by means of a half contained relighting device?
Ans. One must not relight the lamp until he has examined it and found it to be undamaged. After relighting the lamp
must forth with again examine it and unless he finds to be securely locked and safe working order. He must not
allow it to be used or remain it lighted.

Q.128.If a F.S.L. with a normal height of lamp is brought into an atmosphere containing 2% of CH4, How will the
flame lighted?
Ans. A flame will be elongated slightly.

Q.129. if the percentage of gas reached 5 ½ , what will happen ?

Ans. Flame will be propagated through out the mixture which will explode in the lamp.

Q.130.What is the object of reducing the height of flame?

Ans. Gas lamps are invisible unless the oil flame is lowered. So that it is practically non – luminous. More over the
size of gas cap depends on the size of the testing flame and very different results are obtained unless a standard
height observed. The standard height of the testing flame is 20 MM.

Q.131.Why should the lamp raised slowly?

Ans. The lamp should be raised slowly in order that the earliest sign of gas may be detected. The careless
introduction of a F.S.L. into a cavity, which may contain an explosive mixture impedent and dangerous.

Q.133.where the greatest amount of coal dust produced in the mine?

Ans. At the coal cutting faces.

Q.134. what are the maximum and minimum % of gas detectable by. F.S.L.?
Ans. 4.5% & 1.25%.

Q.135. At what intervals air should be measured in mines?

Ans. Air measurement should be done fortnightly.

Q.136. what is fume extractor?

Ans. It is a chemical used in front of a blasting face to extract harmful gasses and fume.

Q.137. Where should an auxiliaries fan be installed in relation to the place it is required to ventilation?
Ans. A forcing fan must be installed on the intake side and an exhaust fan on the return side of the place. It is too be
installed and there must be a distance of at least not less than 15’ between the fan and nearer side of the entrance to
that place.

Q.138. will you work normally if your mains fan stopped?

Ans. No. normal maintenance or any type of work is permitted underground if ventilation fan stops for 30 minutes
or more.

Q.139. How can you fit the sampling pipe in a stopping?

Ans. One on the rise side with in 30 Cms. From roof. It should extend in by 3 Mts. Dia 2.5 Cms.

Q.140. A methane air mixture does not become explosive until the methane content reached 5 ½ %. What does the
act require the withdrawal of workmen when only 1.25% is present in the general body of air?
Ans. The presence of 2% of inflammable gas in the general body of air indicates that at some points gas is being
given of freely and that an increase in the rate of issue or a reduction in the quantity of air in circulation should
render the atmosphere explosive. For the same reason the use of electricity, The use of locomotive, and the firing of
shots must be discontinued forthwith in my part of a mine in which more than 1 ¼ of inflammable gas is present in
the general body of air.

Q.141. How the pressure difference is produced for ventilation?

Ans. It may be produced by (a) natural process (natural ventilation) (b) mechanical ventilators (c) a combination of
natural and mechanical means.

Q.142. How does a reduction of barometric pressure effect the mine workings?
Ans. A reduction of barometer pressure is accompanied by an expansion of the air and other gasses contained in
goaves, roof cavities, breaks and unventilated parts of the mine with the result that these gases enter and they are of
harmful character vitiate the ventilating current.

Q.143. Name the explosive mine gases?

Ans. The principal explosive gas found in mine is methane, which when mixed with air becomes explosive mixture
according to the percentage of methane present. CO and H2S also become explosive when mixed with oxygen.
Q.144. name the poisonous gases?
Ans. CO, H2S, Nitrous fumes each of which is exceedingly poisonous.

Q.145. Why the percentage of dusty ness fixed?

Ans. The percentage of dust of mine road way is 70% above or 30% water by weight of this ratio stop the mine to
become explosive.

Q.146. How the methnoemeter work?

Ans. On wheat stone bridge principal.

Q.147. Effects of white damp on cannery birds?

Ans. At 0.15% - within 3 min. – birds show distress (gapping, ruffling of feathers and loss of liveliness)
At 0.15% - within 18 min. – falls of its perch.
At 0.35% - within 2.5 mi. – shows immediate distress and falls off its perch.

Q.148. What is the chemical used in CO Dector?

Ans. Yellow silical gel impregnated with palladium sulphate and ammonium molybdate.

Q.149. what is the range of CO that can be found out with CO Dector?
Ans. 0.001% to 0.1%

Q.150. Up to what %of CO gas is not dangerous?

Ans. 0.005%.

Q.151. Physiological effects of breathing stink damp?

Ans. There is more poisonous than CO gas. 0.005% discomfort, headache, dizziness, and fatigue followed by chest
pain and bronchitis. 0.05% to 0.1% causes heavy distress within minutes. Above 0.1%- death occurs.

Q.152. Physiological of breathing nitrous flame?

Ans. This is highly poisonous gas. If a person exposed to this gas he feels ill and coughs violently and if prolonged
bronchitis and pneumonia may develop and ultimately death may ensure within 48 hours. Death will occur if the gas
is present between 0.025% to 0
0.075%.

Q.153. Specific gravity of different gas?

Ans. Air – 1.0; N2 – 0.967; O2 – 1.105; CH4 – 0.553; H2S – 1.175; CO – 0.967; CO2 – 1.520; NO2 – 1.589; N2O3
– 2.625; N2O – 1.520.

Q.154. Define general body of air?

Ans. General Body of air means the general atmosphere in a seam and includes the atmosphere in the roof cavities,
but does not include general atmosphere in the sealed off area or in any bore hole.

Q.155. Purpose of the following instruments:

Ans. 1. F.S.L. - To detect ch4 and CO2.
2. Methane meter – To detect CH4.
3. CO – Dector - To detect CO.
4. Anemometer - To measure the velocity of air.
5. Hygrometer - To find the atmospheric pressure.
6. Barometer - To find the atmospheric pressure.
7. Thermometer - To find the temperature.
8. Oxymeter - to find the oxygen percentage.
9. Toximeter - to find the CO.

Q.156. Use the pinch cock (flame extinguisher):

Ans. It will extinguish the flame when the lamp is being opened in U/G.