BAB II

TINJAUAN KEPUSTAKAAN

2.1 Defenisi
Perasaan nyeri di daerah lumbosakral dan sakroiliakal. LBP
diklasifikasikan kedalam 2 kelompok, yaitu kronik dan akut. LBP akut akan
terjadi dalam waktu kurang dari 12 minggu. Sedangkan LBP kronik terjadi
dalam waktu 3 bulan.

2.2 Etiologi
Secara umum penyebab ‘low back pain’
- Degeneratif
- Osteogenik
- Miogenik
- Neurogenik
- Vaskulogenik
- Trauma
- Tumor
- Infeksi
- Penyakit organ dalam (viseral disease)

Diferential diagnosis ‘Low Back Pain’ (4:

1. Mechanical low back pain or leg pain (97 %)
- Lumbar strain, sprain (70%)
- Degeneratif proses of disk & facet, usually age-related (10%)
- Herniated disk (4 %)
- Spinal stenosis (3 %)
- Osteoporotik compression fracture (4 %)
- Spondilolystesis (2 %)
- Traumatic fractures (< 1%)
- Congenital disease (1 %)
  severe kyphosis
 severe scoliosis
 Transtitional vertebrae
- Spondilolysis
- Internal disk disruption or diskogenik low back pain (c
- Presumed indtability

2. Nonmechanical Spinal Conditions (about 1 %)

- Neoplasia (0,7 %)
 multiple myeloma
 Metastatic ca
 Lymphoma & leukimia
 Spinal cord tumor
 Retroperitoneal tumors
 Primary vertebral tumors
- infection (0,01 %)
 osteomyelitis
 septic diskitis
 paraspinous abcess
 shingles
- inflamatory arthritis (often associated with HLA-B27) (0,3 %)
 ankylosing spondylitis
 psoriatic spondylitis
 reiters syndrom
 inflamatory bowel syndrom
- Schuermann’s disease (osteochondrosis)
- Paget’s disease of bone
- Gastrointestinal disease
 pancreatitis
 cholecystisis
 penetreting ulcer