Integrated Coastal Area

Management Plan 2019-2023

A Framework for Integrated Coastal

Resource Management of the
Province of Oriental Mindoro

Photo Source: Draft ICAMP 2016

 Integrated Coastal Area
Management Plan

Province of Oriental Mindoro

2019 – 2023

ii ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Integrated Coastal Area Management Plan 2019-2023
Province of Oriental Mindoro

Citation: Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro. 2018. Integrated Coastal Area

Management Plan 2019-2023. Province of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.

This publication was made possible through the initiative of the Provincial Agriculture Office
(PAgO) – Provincial Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management Division with the support
provided by the Malampaya Foundation Inc. (MFI) and the Partnerships in Environmental
Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). This publication may be reproduced or
quoted in other publications as long as proper reference is made to the source.

iii ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

BD - Bantay Dagat
BFAR - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
BLGU - Barangay Local Government Unit
BMB - Biodiversity Management Bureau
BSWMC - Barangay Solid Waste Management Council
CADT - Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
CBD - Convention on Biological Diversity
CC - Climate Change
CCA - Climate Change Adaptation
CDP - Comprehensive Development Plan
CENRO - City Environment and Natural Resources Office
CLUP - Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CRM - Coastal Resource Management
COT - Crown of Thorns
DA - Department of Agriculture
DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DepEd - Department of Education
DILG - Department of Interior and Local Government
DOH - Department of Health
DOT - Department of Tourism
DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction
DSWD - Department of Social Welfare and Development
EAFM - Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management
EBFM - Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management
EE - Environmental Education
EO - Executive Order
FARMC - Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council
FMO - Fisheries Management Office
FMU - Fisheries Management Unit
ICAMP - Integrated Coastal Area Management Plan
IEC - Information, Education, & Communication
IP - Indigenous People
IRR - Implementing Rules and Regulations
KLPN - Kapulungan para sa mga Lupang Ninuno
LGU - Local Government Unit
MAO - Municipal Agriculture Office
MAgO - Municipal Agriculturist Office
MDRRMO - Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office
MENRO - Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office
MFARMC - Municipal FARMC
MFI - Malampaya Foundation Incorporated
MIMAROPA - Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, Palawan
MOSAR - Mountain Search and Rescue

iv ICAMP 2019 – 2023

MPDC - Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
MPA - Marine Protected Area
MRF - Material Recycling Facility
mt - metric ton
NAMRIA - National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
NGO - Non-Government Organization
NSDW - National Standards for Drinking Water
NSO - National Statistics Office
OECD - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
ORMT - Oriental Mindoro Reef Monitoring Team
PAgO - Provincial Agriculturist Office
PAWB - Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
PCG - Philippine Coast Guard
PD - Presidential Decree
PDPFP - Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan
PDRT - Provincial Disaster Response Team
PEMSEA - Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia
PG-ENRO - Provincial Government - Environment and Natural Resources Office
PGOrM - Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro
PHO - Provincial Health Office
PCRA - Participatory Coastal Resources Assessment
PO - People’s Organization
PPDO - Provincial Planning and Development Office
PSR - Pressure-State-Response
RA - Republic Act
SB - Sangguniang Bayan
SWOT - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
VA - Vulnerability Assessment
VIP - Verde Island Passage
WASAR - Water Search and Rescue

v ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table 2.1 Major Watersheds in the Province of Oriental Mindoro 14

Table 2.2 Total Area of Municipal Waters per LGU in the Province of 15
Oriental Mindoro
Table 2.3 Estimated Total Area of Protected Mangrove, Seagrass and Coral 17
Reef Habitats per Municipality, in hectares
Table 2.4 Mangrove Species in the Province of Oriental Mindoro 19
Table 2.5 Seagrass Species and Richness in Selected Sites in Oriental Mindoro 23
Table 2.6 Registered Number of Municipal Fisherfolk and Fishing Grounds, 24
as of May 2018
Table 2.7 Oriental Mindoro’s Major Marine Species, by Volume (mt), 25
2013 - 2016
Table 2.8 Oriental Mindoro’s Major Inland Species, by Volume (mt), 25
2013 – 2016
Table 2.9 Oriental Mindoro’s Major Aquaculture Species, by Volume (mt), 26
2013 - 2016
Table 2.10 Oriental Mindoro Rice Area, by Area Type, by City/Municipality, 2017 27
Table 2.11 Total Area Planted for Corn, Coconut and Fruit Trees, 2017 27
Table 2.12 Oriental Mindoro Population per City, per Municipality, by Census 28
Years 1995 - 2015
Table 2.13 Oriental Mindoro Household Population by Sex per City/Municipality, 29
2007, 2010, 2015
Table 2.14 Coastal Management Initiatives of Oriental Mindoro 30
Table 2.15 Established Marine Protected Areas in Oriental Mindoro 38
Table 2.16 Legal Declaration for MPAs in Oriental Mindoro 40
Table 3.1 Oriental Mindoro Coastal Area Management Clusters and Foci 48
Table 3.2 Summary List of Major Environmental Issues, Pressures, State and 50
Responses, 2016
Table 3.3 Fisheries and Coastal Law Enforcement Issues, by LGU Cluster 52
Table 3.4 Solid Waste Management Issues, by LGU Cluster 53
Table 3.5 Health Management Issues, by LGU Cluster 54
Table 3.6 Livelihood Issues, by LGU Cluster 54
Table 3.7 Ecotourism Issues, by LGU Cluster 55
Table 3.8 Legal Instrument and Institutional Development Issues, by LGU Cluster 56
Table 3.9 Foreshore and Coastal Zoning Issues, by LGU Cluster 56
Table 3.10 Habitat Management Issues, by LGU Cluster 57
Table 3.11 Watershed Management Issues, by LGU Cluster 58
Table 3.12 Cluster 1 (Roxas, Mansalay and Bulalacao) Strengths, Weaknesses, 59
Opportunities and Threats Analysis

vi ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 3.13 Cluster 2 (Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan and Bongabong) Strengths, 60
Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis
Table 3.14 Cluster 3 (Victoria, Socorro, Pola and Naujan) Strengths, 61
Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis
Table 3.15 Cluster 4 (Puerto Galera, San Teodoro, Baco and Calapan City) 62
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis
Table 4.1 Tools for Coastal Area Management of Oriental Mindoro 71
Table 4.2 Policies and Institutional Mechanisms for Coastal Area Management 74
of Oriental Mindoro
Table 4.3 Information, Communication and Education Framework 76
Table 4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework 79
Table 5.1 2019-2023 ICAMP Programs and Projects 83

vii ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

Figure 1.1 Base Map of Oriental Mindoro 2

Figure 2.1 Political Boundary Map of Oriental Mindoro and its component LGUs 8
Figure 2.2 Land Area Distribution of Oriental Mindoro, by District and by LGU 9
Figure 2.3 Fault line and Trenches of Oriental Mindoro 9
Figure 2.4 Flood Hazard Susceptibility Map of Oriental Mindoro 10
Figure 2.5 Landslide Hazard and Tsunami Hazard Susceptibility Map of Oriental Mindoro 11
Figure 2.6 Land Cover and Land Use Maps of Oriental Mindoro 12
Figure 2.7 Land Classification Statistics of Oriental Mindoro 12
Figure 2.8 Percent Distribution of Forest Cover of Oriental Mindoro, Y2010 13
Figure 2.9 Location and kinds of Metallic and Mineral Resources in Oriental Mindoro 13
Figure 2.10 Map of the Municipal Waters of Oriental Mindoro 15
Figure 2.11 Bathymetric Map of the Municipal Waters of Oriental Mindoro 16
Figure 2.12 Typical Mangrove Ecosystem 17
Figure 2.13 Comparative Mangrove Species Density 18
Figure 2.14 A Coral Reef Ecosystem 19
Figure 2.15 Select MPA Coral Reef Status in Oriental Mindoro 21
Figure 2.16 A Seagrass Ecosystem 22
Figure 2.17 Seagrass Monitoring conducted by Members of the ORMT 23
Figure 2.18 Population Growth Rates, 1980 – 2015 28
Figure 2.19 Awarding of CRM Coordinators and Provincial Partners in Marine 36
Biodiversity Conservation
Figure 2.20 Trophy for the Best Managed MPA Champion 37
Figure 2.21 Location Map of the MPAs in Oriental Mindoro 42
Figure 3.1 Pressure – State - Response Diagram 44
Figure 4.1 Oriental Mindoro PDPFP 67
Figure 4.2 Vision and Mission of the Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro 70
Figure 4.3 Updated Action Statements of the LGU Clusters 70

viii ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations iv

List of Tables vi
List of Figures viii

I. Introduction
1.1 The Province of Oriental Mindoro 2
1.2 Rationale and Objectives of the ICAMP 3
1.3 Methodology – The ICAMP Process 5

II. Coastal Environmental Profile of Oriental Mindoro

2.1 Geographical Profile and Political Boundaries of Oriental Mindoro 8
2.2 Coastal and Terrestrial Resources 11
2.3 Socio-Economic Profile 28
2.4 Institutionalization Initiatives for Fisheries Management 30

III. Current State - Realities, Gaps and Needs

3.1 The Pressure-State-Response Framework and other ICAMP approaches 44
3.2 The Oriental Mindoro Local Government Unit Clusters 47
3.3 Major Coastal Management Issues in 2016 48
3.4 Oriental Mindoro Coastal Area Management Cluster Scenario 2018 51
3.4.1 Fisheries and Coastal Law Enforcement Issues 52
3.4.2 Solid Waste Management Issues 52
3.4.3 Health Management Issues 53
3.4.4 Livelihood Issues 54
3.4.5 Ecotourism Issues 55
3.4.6 Legal Instrument and Institutional Development Issues 55
3.4.7 Foreshore and Coastal Zoning Issues 56
3.4.8 Habitat Management Issues 57
3.4.9 Watershed Management Issues 57
3.5 Cluster SWOT Analysis 58

IV. Integrated Coastal Area Management Directions and Institutional Mechanisms

4.1 ICAM Directions and Institutional Mechanisms 65
4.2 Vision and Mission of Oriental Mindoro and the LGU Cluster
Goal Action Statements 70
4.3 Coastal Area Management Tools 71
4.4 Policies and Institutional Mechanisms 73
4.5 Information and Environmental Education 76
4.6 Monitoring and Evaluation 78

ix ICAMP 2019 – 2023

V. Programs and Projects on Coastal Area Management
5.1 Integrated Coastal Area Management Programs and Projects 83
5.2 Participants Recommendations on Immediate Next Steps on
Integrated Coastal Management 88

Annexes

Annex 1. Legal and Institutional Framework 91

Annex 2. Documentation of the ICAMP 2019-2023 Updating Workshop 92

References 95
Acknowledgement 96

x ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 1.1 The Province of Oriental Mindoro

The Province of Oriental Mindoro is

located 130 kilometers southwest of
Manila, 45 kilometers from
Batangas City and between the
coordinates 13°00′N, 121°25′E. The
province occupies the eastern part
of the island of Mindoro while the
western area is occupied by
Occidental Mindoro (refer to Figure
1.1). It is bounded by the Verde
Island Passage (VIP) on the North,
Maestro del Campo Island and
Tablas Strait on the East, and
Semirara Island (Province of
Antique) on the South. Oriental
Mindoro is part of Region IVB or the
Figure 1.1 Base Map of Oriental Mindoro
MIMAROPA (Mindoro, Marinduque,
Romblon and Palawan) Region. Its capital is Calapan City, the only city to date in the province.
The Province is endowed with rich natural resources. It has a total land area of 436,472
hectares. It represents 1.5 percent of the total land area of the country and 16 percent of the
MIMAROPA Region. The province has an estimated length of coastline of 342.45 kilometers,
a total of 310,788.73 hectares of municipal waters and 8,182 hectares of lake areas. The
municipality of Bulalacao recorded the largest municipal water with 59,250.33 hectares and
San Teodoro, the smallest covering 4,520.20 hectares.

2 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

The Province is composed of 14 municipalities and 1 component city. It is divided into two
districts; District I comprises Puerto Galera, San Teodoro, Baco, Calapan City, Naujan, Victoria,
Socorro, Pola while District II comprises Pinamalayan, Gloria, Bansud, Bongabong, Roxas,
Mansalay, Bulalacao.

The Province of Oriental Mindoro shares the island of Mindoro with Occidental Mindoro
which lies in the western side of the island, as can be seen in Figure 1.1. The two
province were created by virtue of the Republic Act No. 505 on June 13, 1950. The Province
has a rugged terrain and an irregular coastline and there are numerous rivers and streams
that traverse the island but none of these however are navigable by large vessels. Its climate
consists of two types. Type I is characterized by two pronounced seasons, dry and wet, and
Type III has no pronounced seasons but relatively dry from November to April and wet during
the rest of the year.

1.2 Rationale and Objectives of the ICAMP

The Philippines has several national laws, orders and promulgations that define the role of
the Provincial Governments in the management of its coastal resources. These include
Republic Act (RA) 7160 (The Local Government Code), RA 8550 as amended by RA 10654 (The
Fisheries Code), RA 7586 (The National Integrated Protected Area System), RA 6969 (Toxic
Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Waters Control Act of 1990), Presidential Decree (PD) 705
(Forestry Decree of 1975), and PD 1067 (The Water Code of the Philippines). These laws have
direct and/or implied functions that provide the mandate for LGUs to act on the protection,
sustainable use and management of its coastal and other resources (Refer to Annex 1, Legal
and Institutional Framework).

3 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

At the provincial level, the Province of Oriental Mindoro through the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan on June 28, 2004, enacted Provincial Ordinance No. 004 entitled an Ordinance
Enacting the Coastal, Marine and Inland Water Resources Management Code of Oriental
Mindoro. Pursuant to this local, and the above national mandates, through the initiative of
the Provincial Agriculture Office (PAgO), the initial Integrated Coastal Area Management Plan
(ICAMP) which covered the years 2010-2015 was crafted and adopted by the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan in 2009.

The Integrated Coastal Area Management Plan 2010-2015 (ICAMP 2010-2015) served as a
framework for an integrated approach to coastal management, encompassing the terrestrial,
coastal and marine environments, and utilizing the “Ridge to Reef” approach and the
Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). The resulting integrated plan gave a
bigger picture of the status of the coastal zone of the province, highlighted the realities, gaps,
and needs for the sustainable development, and defined the goals, strategies and actions for
the years covered (2010-2015).

After the implementation of the 5-year ICAMP 2010-2015, the Province of Oriental Mindoro
has remarkably grown economically and socially. Developmental changes happened in the
environment as a consequence of anthropogenic activities and as an effect of climate-related
occurrences. Three years hence, the need to review the ICAMP and update relevant data
and information was inevitable, while plans, strategies and actions that would continue to
support sustainable development had to be determined to ensure coastal resource
management is kept attuned to present and evolving conditions, ensure adaptive
management, decision-making, management and monitoring. The ICAMP 2019-2023 is an
updated document for the sustainable and integrated management of coastal resources of
the Province of Oriental Mindoro.

Against this background, the updating of the ICAMP which will cover the period 2019-2023
was initiated. It utilized an approach to coastal area management that considered the
integration of different sectors engaged in human economic activities like tourism, fisheries

4 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

and agriculture, the connectivity of land and water resources, and their mutual
interdependency and effect on each other. This has also involved inter-agency collaboration
and integration of activities for consistency and mutual cooperation towards the goal in
coastal area management.

1.3 Methodology – The ICAMP Process

The ICAMP 2019-2023 utilized a workshop, secondary data from relevant references and LGU
personnel consultation for the updating and final crafting of the document. These processes
were geared towards a coastal management plan that encompasses the whole province from
the inputs of the LGUs and their Clusters and thereby reflect a general provincial scenario,
and onwards to capturing visions and plans from the level of the Clusters, identifying common
strategies and programs while gathering a consensus for synergized actions from these
adjacent LGUs.

Initially, a workshop attended by key representatives of the 15 Local Government Units (LGUs)
of the Province was organized on August 23 -24, 2018 at the Parang Beach Resort in Calapan
City (Refer to Annex 2, Documentation of the ICAMP 2019-2023 Updating Workshop). The
workshop was initiated by the Provincial Agriculture Office and supported by Malampaya
Foundation Inc. and by the Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East
Asia (PEMSEA). It was participated in by the Municipal Planning and Development
Coordinators (MPDC), heads of the Municipal Agriculture Offices (MAO) or Fisheries
Management Offices (FMO), Coastal Resource Management Coordinators, Municipal Disaster
Risk Reduction Officers (MDRRMO), Municipal Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management
Council (MFARMC) Chairpersons, representatives from the City/Municipal Environment and
Natural Resources Office (C/MENRO), Provincial Government-Environment and Natural
Resources Office (PG-ENRO), Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
(PDRRMO) and the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). The workshop
aimed to consult the LGUs and their clusters on current gaps and issues in coastal resource

5 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

management as per LGU and by Cluster, review vision statements for their Clusters and
identify plans and projects from the year 2019 onwards. The Provincial Planning and
Development Office (PPDO) also presented the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Development and
Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP) 2016-2025. This gave a background for the workshop
participants on the directions that the Provincial Government have set, and ensured
alignment of the goals of the ICAMP with the over-all provincial direction.

In updating relevant statistics, facts and figures used in this document, other references from
the Provincial Government, other government entities were collected. These include socio-
economic and demographic profiles, geographical profiles, institutional profiles, maps and
other information sources, including Annual Investment Plans (AIP), to substantiate the
current state (of resources) of the province. LGUs were further consulted for other data
contributions and to refer back information to validate where needed. The MFI also provided
data including maps for additional reference.

The current ICAMP likewise referred to information from ICAMP 2010-2015 and data from a
draft ICAMP 2016-2020. Pertinent information that reflects the provincial state and
management approaches and actions that remain to be relevant at present were carried over
and utilized for the current ICAMP 2019 - 2023.

6 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 CHAPTER 2

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE

OF ORIENTAL MINDORO

7 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 2.1 Geographical Profile and Political Boundaries of Oriental Mindoro

The Province of Oriental Mindoro has a total

land area of 4,364.72 square kilometers (sq.
km.), which is a mere 1.5% of the country’s
total of 300,000 sq. km. The Municipality of
Naujan occupies the largest portion at 12.10 %
(528 sq.km.) while Roxas has the smallest
area occupying only 1.99% (87.10 sq.km.).
Figure 2.2 details the land area distribution of
the province. Naujan also has the most
number of barangays (70) while San Teodoro
has the least number (8). Except for Victoria
and Socorro, all of the other 12 municipalities
and its component city has coastal waters.
Victoria and Socorro are inland municipalities
Figure 2.1 Political Boundary Map of Oriental
that lie along the banks of Naujan Lake. Mindoro and its component LGUs

Sharing the boundary with Occidental Mindoro, this western portion of the island of Mindoro
is mountainous or rugged while the east has hills and flood plains. Important geographic
features of the province include Mount Halcon, the 18th highest mountain in the country
standing at 2,582 meters (8,471 feet) above sea level. It is the island's highest peak. Lake
Naujan is the fifth largest lake in the country with an area of approximately 8,125 hectares.
The land cover of Oriental Mindoro, based on the National Mapping and Resource
Information Authority (NAMRIA) Land Cover Map 2007 (Figure 2.6) consist of large areas with
forest plantations (broadleaved), wooded land (shrubs), cultivated lands (annual and
perennial crops), and small portions of closed forest (broadleaved) and mangrove forests.

8 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Image credit: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition
Figure 2.2 Land Area Distribution of Oriental Mindoro, by District and by LGU

The Province of Oriental Mindoro faces

its own set of geographical hazards and
risks that pose danger to lives and
properties of its population including
floods, earthquakes, landslides and
tsunamis. All these hazards and risks are
relevant in coastal area management
due to their effect in the socio-economic
life and in the lives of humans and other
living resources, and also to the havoc
they can bring to ecosystems, the
environment and investments in
sustainable development, when these
occur. The Aglubang Fault and the
Mindoro Fault lines traverses the
province from the southern tip to the
northern tip. On the northern side, along Figure 2.3 Fault line and Trenches of Oriental Mindoro

the VIP, traverses the Lubang Fault,

9 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

while the Manila Trench passes through the southern side of the island of Mindoro; both are
proximate fault lines and trenches. Figure 2.3 illustrates the fault lines and trenches affecting
Oriental Mindoro. Thereby earthquakes, and its other effects such as ground shaking are
identified risks.

Owing to its terrain

consisting of high
mountains and lowlands,
some areas are more
prone to hazards than
others. Figure 2.4 shows
the flood hazard
susceptible areas, most of
which are in the low lands
and near coastal zones.
Among the municipalities
identified as high
susceptibility areas are
Baco and Roxas. A big
portion of these
municipalities experience
flooding particularly in
the rainy seasons. Other
municipalities such as
Figure 2.4 Flood Hazard Susceptibility Map of Oriental Mindoro
Naujan, Victoria, Pola,
Pinamalayan, Gloria, Bansud, Bongabong and Mansalay also have areas as highly susceptible
to floods, located particularly along the shores of Lake Naujan or along the coastal zones.

10 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

In the upland areas, landslides are hazards that pose risks. In Figure 2.5 highly susceptible
areas are the mountainous portions bordering the Province of Occidental Mindoro. In the low
lands, tsunami hazard susceptible areas are also identified and these are particularly located
along coastal areas. Figure 2.5 illustrates the landslides and tsunami hazard susceptible areas.

Figure 2.5 Landslide Hazard and Tsunami Hazard Susceptibility Maps of Oriental Mindoro

2.2 Coastal and Terrestrial Resources

On land use, as shown in the Land Use Map (Figure 2.6), large areas of the province,
particularly on the mountainous side bordering Occidental Mindoro, are forest protected
areas along with some areas of the Naujan Lake watershed area. The land is also basically an
agricultural area with significant areas of grasslands.

11 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Figure 2.6 Land Cover and Land Use Maps of Oriental Mindoro

The 2017 Land Classification Statistics of the Province (Figure 2.7) also show that 51% of the
land area are alienable and disposable lands (public domain lands that have been subject to
the present system of classification and declared as not needed for forest) and 49% are forest
land.

Image credit: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition

Figure 2.7 Land Classification Statistics of Oriental Mindoro

12 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Based on the year 2010 data, the forest cover (Figure 2.8) of the province still consists of
86,981 hectares (has.), comprising of 77,731 has. of open forest, 5,301 has. of closed forest
and 3,949 has. of mangrove forest.

Image credit: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition

Figure 2.8 Percent Distribution of Forest Cover of Oriental Mindoro, Y2010

The Province is rich in metallic mineral resources including gold, copper, chromite, nickel, iron
and marble as shown in Figure 2.9. For non-metallic minerals (sand and gravel), the Provincial
Treasury Office estimated a total value of Php 17,052,800.00 of aggregates extracted in the
year 2017.

Image credit: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition

Figure 2.9 Location and kinds of Metallic and Mineral Resources in Oriental Mindoro

13 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

There are 13 identified major watersheds in the province; 8 of these cross geographical
boundaries with the Province of Occidental Mindoro (Table 2.1). Of these watersheds, 2 are
classified as Class A (Public Water Supply Class II) referring to its water quality classification
as a source of water supply that will require complete treatment in order to meet the National
Standards for Drinking Water (NSDW) of the Philippines. Other watersheds are classified as
Class C which are for fishery water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic
resources, recreational water and industrial water supply, and Class D which is for agriculture,
irrigation, livestock watering, etc. and industrial water supply. The Agsalin-Banus River
Watershed and the Amnay-Patrick River Watershed has no classification as per reference
used.

Table 2.1 Major Watersheds in the Province of Oriental Mindoro

Name of Watershed Location Classification Area
(hectares)
Agsalin-Banus River Gloria
Watershed
Amnay- Patrick River Baco, San Teodoro, Oriental Mindoro & Sta. 36,130.0
Watershed Cruz, Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro
Baco- Bucayao River Baco, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro & Sta. C 35,622.0
Watershed Cruz, Occidental Mindoro
Balete River Watershed Gloria, Oriental Mindoro C
Bansud River Bansud, Oriental Mindoro C 6,500.0
Watershed
Baroc River Watershed Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro C
Bongabong River Bongabong, Bansud, Mansalay, Roxas, D 55,114.0
Watershed Oriental Mindoro & Sablayan, Occidental
Mindoro
Caguray River Mansalay, Bulalacao, Oriental Mindoro & San A 41,487.0
Watershed Jose, Occidental Mindoro
Catuiran- Bucayao River Calapan City, Naujan, Baco, San Teodoro, C 42,093.4
Watershed Oriental Mindoro & Sablayan, Sta. Cruz,
Occidental Mindoro
Mag- asawang Tubig Naujan, Victoria, Oriental Mindoro & A 43,534.2
River Watershed Sablayan,
Occidental Mindoro
Sumagui- Tangon River Bansud, Oriental Mindoro C
Watershed
Pagbahan River San Teodoro, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro C 28,500.0
Watershed & Mamburao, Sta. Cruz, Occidental Mindoro
Pula River Watershed Socorro, Pinamalayan, Pola, Gloria, Victoria, C 24,217.0
Oriental Mindoro & Sablayan, Occidental
Mindoro
Reference: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition

14 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

In terms of coastal and marine
resources, Oriental Mindoro’s
coastline runs a total length of
342.45 kilometers from the
municipality of Bulalacao on the
southern end and Puerto Galera on
the northern end (refer to Figure
2.10). The coastlines are in the
territorial jurisdiction of 12
municipalities (except Victoria and
Socorro) and Calapan City. In total,
the municipal waters cover an area
of 310,168.72 has. Table 2.2 shows
that the Municipality of Bulalacao
has the largest municipal water area
of 59,250.33 has. The Municipality
of Bongabong follows next with
32,112.78 has. and Pinamalayan
Image credit: PGOM - Provincial Agriculture Office and MFI
with 30,800.53 has. The
Figure 2.10 Map of the Municipal Waters of
Municipality of San Teodoro has the Oriental Mindoro

least area with only 4,520.27 has.

Table 2.2 Total Area of Municipal Waters per LGU in the Province of Oriental Mindoro
City/Municipality Municipal Waters City/Municipality Municipal Waters
(has.) (has.)
1st District 2nd District
Puerto Galera 13,916.91 Pinamalayan 30,800.53
San Teodoro 4,520.27 Gloria 13,684.06
Baco 16,004.16 Bansud 13,218.54
Calapan City 26,726.81 Bongabong 32,112.78
Naujan 29,619.73 Roxas 16,965.92
Pola 30,374.38 Mansalay 22,974.30
Bulalacao 59,250.33
Total for Oriental Mindoro – 310,168.72 hectares
Reference: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition

15 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

The underwater terrain of
Oriental Mindoro (Figure 2.11)
and its proximity to southern
mainland Luzon, the Islands of
Marinduque and Romblon,
creates a natural mixture of
coastline and bathymetric
features that enhance the current
patterns and biological
productivity in the area. These
features allow abundance of
fishery resources and the
development of key coastal
ecosystems like mangroves,
seagrasses and coral reefs.

Among the threats to the quality

of marine waters which
consequently affects marine Figure 2.11 Bathymetric Map of the Municipal Waters of
organisms and their habitats Oriental Mindoro

include water run-off loaded with agricultural chemicals and organic fertilizers, excess soil or
sediments from agricultural practices and uncontrolled construction sites, industrial
discharges, garbage disposal from households and wastewater disposal from sea vessels
along the shipping routes in Verde Island Passage. To ensure environmental protection of
these marine habitats and organisms, the DENR IV-B, the PG-ENRO and the Municipal and
City Environment and Natural Resources Offices (MENRO or CENRO) manages these threats.
In addition to the afore-mentioned threats, there are no centralized sewage treatment
facilities in any of the LGUs of the Province despite the mandate imposed by RA 9275, or the
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004. Sewage therefore has become a main source

16 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

of fresh surface water pollution that drains into nearest canals, creeks and rivers and
ultimately reaches the coastal waters (State of the Coasts of Oriental Mindoro, 2015) and may
affect its different ecosystems.

Mangroves, corals and seagrasses ecosystems are critical habitats that are being protected
by the LGUs. In terms of year 2018 estimated areas (Table 2.3), there are approximately 2,392
hectares of mangroves, 4,537 hectares of coral reefs and 1,196 hectares of seagrass habitats
in the Province (Unpublished data from PAgO).

Table 2.3 Estimated Total Area of Protected Mangrove, Seagrass and Coral Reef Habitats
per Municipality, in hectares
Municipality

Puerto Galera
Pinamalayan
Estimated
Calapan City

San Teodoro
Bongabong

Area (has.)
Bulalacao

Mansalay
Bansud

Naujan
Gloria

Roxas

Total
Baco

Pola
Mangrove 210 68 345 154 618 21 20 298 38 405 6 34 175 2392
Corals 12 1 74 1500 120 380 350 220 250 325 1000 5 300 4537
Seagrass 30 45 70 318 15 150 30 82 32 94 250 30 50 1196
Reference: Oriental Mindoro Provincial Agriculture Office, Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management Division, 2018

Mangrove Ecosystems

Mangroves are very

important ecosystems
providing many valuable
services. They are sources of
nutrients, spawning and
nursery grounds and habitat
for various species of aquatic
life providing support
particularly for coastal
Photo credit: PGOrM - Provincial Agriculture Office and MFI
fisheries. They provide
Figure 2.12 Typical Mangrove Ecosystem
protection from the effects

17 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

of typhoons with its storm surges and strong winds. They also reduce coastal erosion and
provides protection for adjacent ecosystems. Mangroves support various human economic
needs for medicinal uses and food. Currently, mangroves also are areas for education,
research and eco-tourism.

In the Province, an
assessment of the province’s
mangrove ecosystem by
Cayabyab, N. (2014) through
the Sustainable Coral Reef
Ecosystem Management
Program (SCREMP)
implemented by the DENR,
showed that there are 26
mangrove species identified
Image credit and Reference: Cayabyab, N. in State of the Coasts of Oriental
along its coasts (Refer to Mindoro
Figure 2.13 Comparative Mangrove Species Density
Table 2.4). The study
measured stem density which is the stand stock per hectare or number of trees ha-1 = total
number of live trees on the given plot area. In the study, Calapan City’s mangrove areas
showed the highest total stem density, which was attributed to the presence of Sonneratia
alba. Total stocking or stem density in Barangay Mahal na Pangalan was approximately 5450
trees ha-1 mainly of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora spp. while at the Silonay Mangrove
Conservation and Eco-tourism Area, the total stem density was 6533 trees ha-1 mainly of S.
alba. The stocking or stem density varied among sites with highest density reported in Silonay,
Calapan City and San Andres, Baco and lowest in Lagara, Balatasan, Bulalacao and Tujod,
Naujan (Refer to Figure 2.13).

18 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 2.4 Mangrove Species in the Province of Oriental Mindoro
Family and Species Name Local Name Family and Species Name Local Name
Acanthaceae A. Ilicifolius Lagiwliw Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera Pototan/busain
cylindrical
A. volubilis Lagiwliw B. Pototan/busain
gymnorrhiza / langarai
Avicenniaceae Avicennia alba Bongalon/piapi/mia B. sexangula Pototan
pi/pipisik
A. marina Bayabasin/pipisik B. parviflora Langarai
A. officinalis Pipisik Ceriops Baras-baras
decandra
A. rhumpiana Bungalon C. tagal Tungog/tangal
Myrsinaceae Aegiceras Saging-saging Rhizophora Bakhaw lalaki
corniculatum apiculate
A. floridum Lala-o/saging- R. mucronata Bakhaw babae
saging/tinduk-
tindukan
Pteridaceae Acrostichum Palaypay Arecaceae Nypa fruticans Nipa/sasa
aureum
Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria Lipata/alipata/buta Myrtaceae Osbornia Tawalis/bunot-
agallocha -buta octodonta bunot
Sterculiaceae Heritiera Dungon Sonneratiaceae Sonneratia Pagatpat
littoralis alba
Combretaceae Lumnitzera Sagasa Myliaceae Xylocarpus Tabigi
littorea granatum
L. racemosa Tabao/culasi X. moluccensis Piag-ao
Reference: Cayabyab, N. in State of the Coasts of Oriental Mindoro

Coral Reef Ecosystems

A survey of coral in fish sanctuaries

of Oriental Mindoro was
conducted by Researchers
Deocadiz, M. and Narida EG with
Malampaya Foundation Inc. in the
year 2014 (SOCOM). The study
showed a relative abundance of
common coral families in the
different municipalities. Except in

Photo credit: PGOrM - Provincial Agriculture Office ORMT and MFI the Municipalities of Gloria and
Figure 2.15 A Coral Reef Ecosystem
Naujan, massive Poritidae
dominate the reefs. Acroporidae branching corals were found in all the coastal municipalities
with the highest percentage cover in Bongabong and Mansalay so with Faviidae or the solitary

19 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

corals but were found with the highest percentage in Roxas. Other species noted were
Pocilloporidae, Seriatopora spp., Heliopora coerulea, Diploastrea coerulea and tabular
Acropora. A diverse mix of sponges particularly elephant’s ear and soft corals were also
abundant in some areas.

With the organization in the year 2013 of the Oriental Mindoro Reef Monitoring Team
(ORMT), monitoring of the marine protected areas and its ecosystems were conducted to
assess the status of the reefs and its adjacent ecosystems. The ORMT is led by the Provincial
Agriculture Office – Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management Division and Malampaya
Foundation, Inc. Trained personnel of the Office together with CRM Coordinators of the
different LGUs, trained volunteers and personnel from MFI assess the MPAs regularly. A 3-
year trend (2016-2018) of hard and soft coral abundance is shown in Figure 2.15. Results show
that generally, the status of coral reefs in the MPA sites are categorized as having good to
excellent coral cover. It can be noticed from the graphs that there has been downward
movement of percentages cover in some MPAs. This was brought about by the effect of
Typhoons in 2015 and 2016 (Nina and Nona) which hit the Province. As of the year 2018, only
1 MPA (Bacawan Fish Sanctuary) has below 30% live coral cover, all others are at 35% up.

20 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Image credit and Reference: PGOrM - Provincial Agriculture Office ORMT and MFI, 2018

Figure 2.15 Select MPA Coral Reef Status in Oriental Mindoro

21 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Seagrass Ecosystem

A survey of the seagrass

resources of the Province was
conducted in 2014 (Albasin, BL
2014) with survey sites in
Calapan City, Roxas, Mansalay,
Bulalacao, Pola, Naujan and
Puerto Galera. A total of 9 sites
were surveyed. The report
showed that there are 9
seagrass species growing in the
Photo credit: PGOM - Provincial Agriculture Office ORMT and MFI
marine waters of the Province.
Figure 2.16 A Seagrass Ecosystem
These include Enhalus
acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Halodule pinifolia, H,
uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila minor and H. ovalis. The survey area in
Barangay Calero, Calapan City has the largest seagrass meadow, while the smallest was found
in Barangay Balite in the same city. These study sites showed seagrass cover ranging from 23
– 62%, with a mix of species (richness) from a low of 2 species (Barangay Balite, Calapan City)
to 7 species in Barangay Balatasan, Bulalacao.

The ORMT also conducts annual seagrass monitoring and has established 7 monitoring sites
with 2 stations each to regular monitoring of seagrasses. As of the current year (2018) across
the 7 sites, a percentage grass cover ranging from 31% - 83% have been observed, with the
lowest in Allegria, Mansalay and the highest in Putting Cacao, Pola (Table 2.5). There were 9
seagrass species observed, including Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Enhalus acoroides,
Halodole pinifolia, H. uninervis, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, H. spinulosa, and
Syringodium isoetifolium.

22 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 2.5 Seagrass Species and Richness in Selected Sites in Oriental Mindoro
Site Surveyed % Cover Species Seagrass Species Present
Richness
Putting Cacao, Pola 82.25 7 Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Enhalus
acoroides, Halodole pinifolia, H. uninervis,
Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii
Mahal na Pangalan, Calapan 68.17 6 Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Enhalus
acoroides, Halodole pinifolia, H. uninervis,
Thalassia hemprichii
San Andres, Baco 61.60 8 Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Halodole
pinifolia, H. uninervis, Thalassia hemprichii,
Halophila ovalis, H. spinulosa, Syringodium
isoetifolium
Paclasan, Roxas 59.54 5 Cymodocea serrulata, Halodole pinifolia, H.
uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium
isoetifolium
Salong-Calero, Calapan 47.25 6 Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides,
Halodole uninervis, Halophila ovalis,
Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii
Tambong, Gloria 37.80 4 Halodole uninervis, Halophila spinulosa,
Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii
Allegria, Mansalay 31.40 3 Cymodocea serrulata, Halodole uninervis,
Syringodium isoetifolium
Reference: PGOrM - Provincial Agriculture Office ORMT and MFI, 2018

Photo credit: PGOrM - Provincial Agriculture Office ORMT and MFI

Figure 2.17 Seagrass monitoring conducted by members of the ORMT

Municipal Fisherfolk
In terms of number of people engaged in municipal fishing activities, the Province has
registered a total of 17,972 individuals, consisting of 12,570 males and 5,402 females (Refer
to Table 2.5) as of May 2018. The Fisherfolk Registration is an on-going activity of BFAR

23 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

through its FishR Program. The Municipality of Bulalacao has registered the highest number
(2,438 individuals) of fisherfolks while Bansud has the smallest number (372 individuals).

Table 2.6 Registered Number of Municipal Fisherfolk and Fishing Grounds, as of May 2018
City/Municipality Number of Fisherfolk Fishing Grounds
Male Female Total
st
1 District
Baco 626 138 764 Municipal water, Verde Island Passage,
Tablas Strait
Calapan City 2730 1194 3924 Calapan Bay, Verde Island Passage, Tablas
Strait, Caluwangan Lake
Naujan 453 62 515 Municipal water, Tablas Strait, Verde
Island Passage, Naujan lake
Pola 1063 258 1321 Pola Bay, Municipal water, Naujan Lake
Puerto Galera 608 217 825 Puerto Galera Bay
San Teodoro 331 238 569 Municipal water, Calapan Bay
Socorro 450 141 591 Naujan Lake
Victoria 346 80 426 Naujan Lake
2nd District
Bansud 278 94 372 Municipal water, Tablas Strait
Bongabong 471 126 597 Municipal water, Bansud, Roxas,
Mansalay, Romblon, Tablas Strait
Bulalacao 1429 1009 2438 Bulalacao Bay, Semirara, Liwagao Island,
Coron, Palawan
Gloria 783 291 1074 Semirara, Lawak, Municipal water, Tablas
Strait
Mansalay 429 526 955 Municipal water, Tablas Strait, Pola Bay
Pinamalayan 1631 220 1851 Municipal water, Tablas Strait, Verde
Island Passage, Pola
Roxas 942 808 1750 Municipal water, Bongabong, Tablas Strait
Oriental Mindoro 12,570 5,402 17,972
Reference: PGOrM - Provincial Agriculture Office, 2018

Marine Fish Resources

Among major fish species commonly caught in its waters include (in local terms) tanigue,
tambakol, malasugi, mamsa, lapu-lapu, galunggong, tuna, herrings hasa-hasa, kalapato,
caranx, dalagang-bukid, alumahan, bisugo, samaral, sardines, and anchovies. Table 2.3 shows
the major marine species caught in the Province over a 4-year period. In the year 2016,
Frigate Tuna appears to be the most abundant species caught, followed by the Indian Sardines
and by Round Scads. The same fish species were also the top 3 species caught in the years
2013-2015.

24 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Table 2.7 Oriental Mindoro’s Major Marine Species, by Volume (metric tons), 2013 - 2016
VOLUME OF MAJOR
MARINE SPECIES 2013 2014 2015 2016
(in metric tons)
Anchovies 547.11 600.65 666.85 503.07
Big-eyed scad 330.64 328.20 286.64 283.67
Bluecrab 37.96 34.39 30.34 23.06
Cavalla 158.25 144.06 119.01 118.45
Trevalle 105.93 110.57 46.63 39.39
Eastern little tuna 36.06 40.42 68.29 123.35
Fimbriated sardines 377.07 417.92 507.17 568.24
Frigate tuna 1,237.07 1,267.10 1156.19 1286.12
Grouper 90.68 85.40 63.17 36.82
Indian mackerel 653.31 688.94 700.31 589.48
Indian sardines 918.96 990.26 1134.34 1223.55
Indo pacific mackerel 141.11 142.01 141.25 137.25
Roundscad 1,536.13 1,579.90 1655.67 1153.06
Siganid 34.12 36.61 32.56 35.33
Skipjack 748.48 767.54 667.31 545.18
Slipmouth 427.37 471.95 442.75 325.52
Snapper 80.03 79.06 69.09 40.51
Spanish mackerel 71.54 64.33 50.08 35.05
Squid 462.85 519.95 489.38 476.39
Threadfin bream 412.69 414.63 337.55 266.30
Yellowfin tuna 577.51 624.12 443.77 312.97
Reference: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

Table 2.8 Oriental Mindoro’s Major Inland Species, by Volume (metric tons), 2013 - 2016
VOLUME OF MAJOR
INLAND SPECIES 2013 2014 2015 2016
(in metric tons)
Ayungin 36.76 35.95 35.03 37.18
Freshwater goby 20.60 16.92 18.22 22.01
Carpa 60.05 59.72 60.59 76.59
Dalag 33.42 31.51 34.49 31.13
Gourami 40.10 38.48 26.7 1.52
Freshwater hito 6.65 5.90 4 3.63
Freshwater eel na/a n/a n/a 2.54
Tilapia 336.30 332.08 327.76 325.31
Reference: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

25 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

For major inland fish species, tilapia is the most abundant from among the list, followed by
carps and mudfishes. Refer to Table 2.7 for the complete list of these inland species.
Aquaculture plays a big part in the fish production of the Province. From Table 2.8, milkfish,
tilapia and tiger prawn are the top 3 major species cultured in the Province.

Table 2.9 Oriental Mindoro’s Major Aquaculture Species, by Volume (metric tons), 2013 - 2016
VOLUME OF MAJOR
AQUACULTURE SPECIES 2013 2014 2015 2016
(in metric tons)
Carp 0.01 0.01 >0.01 > 0.01
Catfish 0.02 0.02 0.01 > 0.01
Grouper n/a n/a 0.77 n/a
Milkfish 1,684.93 1,475.38 1,688.18 1,571.74
Mudcrab 0.98 0.66 0.21 0.15
Seaweed 281.42 277.91 112.49 41.75
tiger prawn 313.72 177.74 459.63 225.07
Tilapia 625.07 610.82 238.29 134.53
Reference: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016

In terms of agricultural production, all of the municipalities and city of the province have
significant hectares of irrigated and rainfed areas for rice production, except for Puerto Galera
which has only 53 hectares planted to rice. This is reasonable considering the municipality has
rugged mountain and hilly terrains and islands, and less of flat or undulating lands suitable for
rice farming. Table 2.9 shows the hectarage of rice areas in the province, both for irrigated
and rainfed areas. In total, approximately 109,139 hectares of its land resources is allocated
for planting the country’s main staple carbohydrate source, with the Municipality of Naujan
having the largest area at 30,214 hectares.

The province is also planted with other agricultural crops, such as corn, coconuts and fruit
trees. Banana, calamansi, rambutan, lanzones, and mango are identified as the top 5 fruit
trees cultivated. In summary, a total of 2,158 hectares are planted with corn, 50,354 hectares
for coconuts and 27,473 hectares combined for the top 5 fruit trees. Refer to Table 2.10 for
details of areas planted by City/Municipality.

26 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Table 2.10 Oriental Mindoro Rice Area, by Area Type, by City/Municipality,
Irrigated Area Rainfed Area Total Rice Area
City/Municipality (has.) (has.) (has.)
1st District
Baco 2,958.50 2,334.25 5,292.75
Calapan City 14,764.80 1,454.50 16,219.30
Naujan 25,491.34 4,723.05 30,214.39
Pola 2,235.00 681.00 2,916.00
Puerto Galera 15.00 38.00 53.00
San Teodoro 325.00 531.00 856.00
Socorro 3,670.00 480.00 4,150.00
Victoria 7,612.75 2,326.50 9,939.25
2nd District
Bansud 6,059.00 306.00 6,365.00
Bongabong 9,656.00 1,173.00 10,829.00
Bulalacao 896.00 845.00 1,741.00
Gloria 5,106.98 227.50 5,334.48
Mansalay 2,608.00 105.00 2,713.00
Pinamalayan 7,121.38 762.18 7,883.56
Roxas 4,507.00 125.00 4,632.00
Oriental Mindoro 93,026.75 16,111.98 109,138.73

Table 2.11 Total Areas Planted for Corn, Coconut and Fruit Trees, 2017
Corn Production Coconut Production Fruit Production
City/Municipality Area (has.) Area (has.) Area* (has.)
1st District
Baco 12.50 4,703 203.00
Calapan City 23.25 1,289 145.13
Naujan 84.50 3,297 817.50
Pola 8.00 8,907 3,606.70
Puerto Galera 49.90 3,200 10.28
San Teodoro 25.00 2,143 534.82
Socorro 17.70 2,768 3,879.00
Victoria 173.50 3,030 922.50
2nd District
Bansud 187.50 1,780 10,078.50
Bongabong 87.50 6,205 1,643.80
Bulalacao 620.50 970 285.67
Gloria 492.75 4,733 3,501.46
Mansalay 247.00 1,366 1,261.00
Pinamalayan 45.00 4,476 419.48
Roxas 84.40 1,487 164.25
Oriental Mindoro 2,158.50 50,354 27,473.09
Reference: Provincial Agriculture Office, 2017
*Fruit Production Area refers to area planted with the top 5 fruits: Banana, Calamansi, Rambutan, Lanzones, Mango

27 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 2.3 Socio-Economic Profile

On the Year 2015 population census

conducted by the country, Oriental
Mindoro has a total population of
844,059 individuals (see Table 2.12).
This is approximately an increase of
200,000+ individuals over a 10-year
period. The growth rate, which is
indicative of how fast a population Image credit: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition
Figure 2.18 Population Growth Rates, 1980 - 2015
increases or decreases as a result of
the interplay of births, deaths and migration during a given period of time, as of the period
2010-2015 was 1.38 compared to 2.17 in the years 1990-2000.

Table 2.12 Oriental Mindoro Population per City, per Municipality, by Census Years 1995 - 2015
City/Municipality Census Year
1995 2000 2007 2010 2015
1st District
Baco 25,915 30,167 34,127 35,060 37,215
Calapan City 95,506 105,910 116,976 124,173 133,893
Naujan 75,726 83,892 90,629 94,497 102,998
Pola 29,156 31,938 32,635 32,984 34,701
Puerto Galera 19,485 21,925 28,035 32,521 36,606
San Teodoro 12,983 13,806 15,039 15,810 17,904
Socorro 34,182 37,176 38,052 38,348 39,099
Victoria 35,828 42,873 44,932 48,308 50,492
2nd District
Bansud 31,901 35,032 35,664 38,341 40,992
Bongabong 57,403 59,477 61,127 66,569 72,073
Bulalacao 24,047 27,698 30,188 33,754 39,107
Gloria 35,771 38,667 40,561 42,012 45,073
Mansalay 29,765 39,041 43,974 51,705 54,533
Pinamalayan 65,903 72,951 77,119 81,666 86,172
Roxas 34,045 41,265 46,711 49,854 53,201
Oriental Mindoro 608,616 681,818 735,769 785,602 844,059
Reference: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition: PSA Census of Population 2007-2015

28 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

The urban capital, Calapan City is the most populous LGU, while San Teodoro is the least
populated. In terms of gross population density, i.e. the number of persons per unit of land,
it is estimated that by the year 2025, the Municipality of Roxas will have the highest
population density at 691 persons per square kilometer, followed by Calapan City at 582,
while San Teodoro will have the lowest at 61 persons per sq. km. (reference: Oriental Mindoro
Facts and Figures 2017 Edition, other data not shown here). Oriental Mindoro is also home to
a group of Indigenous People known as the Mangyans which consists of 7 ethno-linguistic
groups. These tribes can be differentiated by their ways of living, hunting, farming, writing,
dressing, etc. and their geographic locations. These tribes include the Iraya (Puerto Galera,
San Teodoro, Baco), Alangan (Baco, Victoria, Naujan), Tadyawan (Victoria, Socorro, Gloria,
Bansud, Pinamalayan, Pola, Naujan), Tau-buhid (Socorro, Gloria, Pinamalayan), Buhid
(Bongabong, Mansalay, Bansud), Bangon (Bongabong, Mansalay, Roxas, Bansud), and
Hanunuo (Bulalacao, Mansalay).

Table 2.13 Oriental Mindoro Household Population by Sex per City/Municipality, 2007, 2010, 2015
City/ 2007 2010 2015
Municipality Total HH Male Female Total HH Male Female Total HH Male Female
Population Population Population
1st District
Baco 34,127 17,654 16,473 35,060 18,030 17,030 37,182 19,122 18,060
Calapan City 116,399 57,936 58,463 123,480 62,076 61,404 132,864 66,278 66,586
Naujan 90,580 46,674 43,906 94,448 48,492 45,956 102,903 52,591 50,312
Pola 32,635 16,814 15,821 32,984 16,831 16,153 34,699 17,734 16,965
Puerto Galera 27,997 14,301 13,696 32,408 16,539 15,869 36,311 18,508 17,803
San Teodoro 15,027 7,724 7,303 15,801 8,070 7,731 17,882 9,148 8,734
Socorro 38,022 19,519 18,503 38,336 19,448 18,888 39,044 19,737 19,307
Victoria 44,932 23,211 21,721 48,308 24,664 23,644 50,432 25,525 24,907
2nd District
Bansud 35,543 18,238 17,305 38,223 19,488 18,735 40,859 20,638 20,221
Bongabong 61,115 31,133 29,982 66,568 33,972 32,596 71,909 36,436 35,473
Bulalacao 30,188 15,522 14,666 33,753 17,438 16,315 39,044 20,020 19,024
Gloria 40,527 20,598 19,929 42,010 21,277 20,733 45,011 22,804 22,207
Mansalay 43,974 22,615 21,359 51,705 26,502 25,203 54,487 27,895 26,592
Pinamalayan 76,980 39,203 37,777 81,552 41,288 40,264 85,948 43,403 42,545
Roxas 46,614 23,603 23,011 49,739 25,256 24,483 53,033 26,791 26,242
Oriental 734,660 375,272 359,388 784,375 399,371 385,004 841,608 426,630 414,978
Mindoro
Reference: Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition: PSA Census of Population 2007-2015

29 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

PGOrM-PAgO
2.4 Institutionalization Initiatives for Fisheries Management

The province has implemented many initiatives to establish the management and governance
of its coastal resources. These started with the implementation of mandated roles as defined
by national and local laws. It also keeps in parallel to internationally set guidelines and goals
(i.e. Sustainable Development Goals) and in consonance with local action plans (examples:
Provincial Eco-Tourism Plans, Provincial Physical Framework Plan, Municipal/City
Comprehensive Land Use Plans). Henceforth, the Province move onwards to passage of local
fishery ordinances at the municipal and city levels and development of similar document as
this, to guide its actions. Table 2.14 provides a historical presentation of the initiatives of the
Province in coastal resource management.

Table 2.14 Coastal Management Initiatives of Oriental Mindoro, 2001-2018

Year Activities Implementing Institutions

2001 Conceptualization of the Coastal Resource PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM

Management (CRM) Program Division
Deputization and capability building of fish PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
wardens/Bantay Dagat Division,
BFAR, LGUs-Municipal
2002 Start of CRM Program implementation PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
(collaboration between NGAs, NGOs & Division,
LGUs) LGUs-Municipal
2003 Conduct of Participatory Coastal Resource PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Assessment (PCRA); creation of Division,
Municipal/Barangay Fisheries & Aquatic LGUs-Municipal
Resources Management Council
(M/BFARMC)
2004 Enactment of Provincial Ordinance No. 004- PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
2004 known as the “Oriental Mindoro Coastal, Division,
Marine and Inland Water Resources LGUs-Municipal, Sangguniang
Management Code of 2004” Panlalawigan (SP)
Institutionalization of M/BFARMC PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,
LGUs-Municipal,
Establishment of seven (7) Fish Sanctuaries PGOrM-PAgO Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,
LGUs-Municipal, BFAR
Mangrove Rehabilitation PG-ENRO, DENR, Municipal LGUs

30 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

2005 Creation of Provincial Care Council
Creation of City/Municipal Care Council
Formulation of the Strong Republic
Nautical Highway Strategic Framework
Plan (2005-2015)
2006 Issuance of the Implementing Rules and
Regulations of Provincial Ordinance No. 004-
2004: “Oriental Mindoro Coastal, Marine and
Inland Water Resources Management Code of
2004”
Passage of Executive Order No. 578 in Nov.
2006: “Establishing the National Policy on
Biological Diversity, Prescribing its
Implementation throughout the Country,
Particularly in the Sulu Sulawesi Marine
Ecosystem and the Verde Island Passage
Marine Corridor (VIPMC)”. The law paved the
way for active involvement of the province in
the VIPMC
2006- Connectivity studies for the establishment of
‘08 MPA Network in Verde Island Passage
Formulation of the Verde Island Passage
Management Plan Framework
2007 Integrated Coastal Zone Management
(ICZM) Planning Workshop
Expansion of Fish Sanctuaries
Approval of the Verde Island Passage
Management Plan Framework by the
Presidential Commission for the Integrated
Conservation and Development of the Sulu an
Celebes Seas (PCICDSCS) thru Resolution No.
2007-02
Introduction/Provision of livelihood projects
for fisherfolks (i.e seaweed farming, fish
processing, aqua/mari-culture)
Shortlisting of Oriental Mindoro’s MPAs for
the Para El Mar Awards, with Agsalin Fish
Sanctuary (Top 7) and Harka Piloto Fish
Sanctuary (Top 9)
2008 MOA Signing with PGOM and Pilipinas Shell
Foundation Inc (PSFI) - Malampaya on
Consultancy Assistance on Finalization of ICZM
plan
Drafting of 5-year plan on Integrated
Coastal Area Management
31 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
Apostolic Vicariate
City/Municipal
NEDA, PGOrM
PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,
LGUs-Municipal, Sangguniang
Panlalawigan (SP)
Conservation International-
Philippines (CI-P), PGOrM-PAgO
CI-P, DENR, PGOrM-PAgO, UP-V and
MSI
DENR, BFAR, CI-P, and the Provincial
Government Units of Verde Island
Passage
PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,
LGUs-Municipal, WWF, Consultant on
Development Planning, PPDO
PGOrM-PAgO Fisheries and CRM
Division, LGUs-Municipal, BFAR
DENR, BFAR, CI-P, and the Provincial
Government Units of Verde Island
Passage
PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,
LGUs-Municipal, BFAR
PGOrM-PAgO
PGOrM-PAgO PSFI-Malampaya
PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,

Conduct of Provincial Environment Summit
Delineation of Municipal Waters
Forging of partnerships with local and
international NGOs
MOA Signing with CI on
Conservation/Protection of Verde Island
Marine Biodiversity
Capacity Building of MPA managers in VIP
Capacity Building of Bantay Dagat teams in VIP
Identification and information campaign on
species composition of “Dulong” in VIP
2009 Finalization of 5-Year Integrated Coastal
Area Management Plan (ICAMP) 2010-2015
Established MPA and Fishery Law
Enforcement Network through MOA with 15
LGUs (Bahay Tuklasan, Naujan)
Conducted Donor’s (Partners, Funding
Agencies, etc.) Forum
Creation of the Provincial Bantay Dagat Task
Force through Provincial EO No. 09
2010 Groundtruthing of MPA technical descriptions
(coordinates) to validate delineation of no-
take areas and conduct community
consultations for the reestablishment and
expansion of existing MPAs
Initial creation of VIP Network Monitoring
Team
Expansion of existing and Establishment of
New MPAs
First initiatives for the search for Best
Managed MPA in Oriental Mindoro, with the
launching of the “Bayani ng Karagatan”during
the Province’s 60th Foundation Anniversary
2011 Establishment of new MPAs
32 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
LGUs-Municipal, Consultant on
Development
Planning, PPDO, Malampaya
PGOrM, CI-P, NGOs
PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,
LGUs-Municipal, NAMRIA
CI-P Malampaya, WWF, PATH
Foundation, TAMS, ALAMIN, Mindoro
Biodiversity, Mindoro Heritage
Museum, ICE CREAM Program
PGOrM, CI-P
DENR, BFAR, CI-P, and the Provincial
Government Units of Verde Island
Passage
DENR, BFAR, CI-P, and the Provincial
Government Units of Verde Island
Passage
PGOrM-PAgO, Batangas PGENRO, CI-
P, Lubang and Looc LGUs
Malampaya, UP SURP, PPDO,
Consultant on Development Planning
PGOrM, CI-P, Municipal/City-LGUs
PGOrM, CI-P
PGOrM-PAgO, CI-P
PGOrM-PAgO, CI-P
PGOrM-PAgO, CI-P, LGUs of Naujan,
Baco, Gloria, and counterparts in
Bauan, Mabini, Tingloy, Calatagan,
and Nasugbu
PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,
LGUs-Municipal, BFAR, CI-P
PGOrM-PAgO, Municipal/City-LGUs
PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Division,
LGUs-Municipal, CI-P
 First Provincial-wide consultation with PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
commercial fishing owners of Oriental Division,
Mindoro (Pinamalayan Municipal Hall) LGUs-Municipal, CI-P
Provincial-wide Marine Protected Area PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
Management Plan formulation Division,
LGUs-Municipal, CI-P
Kiddie Roadshows to present the MPA PGOrM-PAgO, Fisheries Division/CRM
concept and introduce to kids the simple Division,
message that “corals are animals” LGUs-Municipal, CI-P
2012 Succeeding search (2nd Biennial) for Best PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Managed MPA in Oriental Mindoro with the LGUs
launching of the awards theme: “Sustaining
Marine Protected Areas in Oriental Mindoro
Thru Awards and Recognition” – STAR MPA
Awards
Regular school-based Information, Education PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
and Communication (IEC) Campaigns LGUs
Start of Provincial Environmental Youth Action PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Camp (150 students per year) with habitat LGUs
interaction (identification of mangroves,
seagrass, and other activities)
Capacity Building and Creation of the Oriental PGOrM-PAgO, USPC, MFI,
Mindoro Network’s Reef Monitoring Team Municipal/City-LGUs
2013 MOA signing between Oriental Mindoro PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Provincial Government and MFI for the LGUs
implementation of the Verde Island Passage
Marine Biodiversity Conservation Program
Open Water SCUBA certification, and training PGOrM-PAgO, USPC, MFI,
on basic coral reef monitoring for new Municipal/City-LGUs
members of the the Oriental Mindoro Reef
Monitoring Team (ORMT)
Election of New set of Officers of the OrMin PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
MPA and Fishery Law Enforcement Network LGUs
Launching of new MPA in Calima Pola, PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Reestablishment of Ilag MPA and LGUs
establishment of new MPA in Baco
2014 Capacity building of CRM Coordinators on DENR – SCREMP, MFI, PGOrM-PAgO
basic coastal resources monitoring conducted
by PAGO and MFI staff in collaboration with
DENR’s Sustainable Coral Reef Ecosystems
Management Program (SCREMP)
3rd Biennial awarding for STAR MPA Awards PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
LGUs
Implementation of the Sustainable Coral Reef PGOrM-PAgO, BMB-DENR
Ecosystem Management Program (SCREMP) in
Oriental Mindoro
Training of new members of Oriental Mindoro
Resource Monitoring Team
Establishment of new MPA in Sta. Theresa, PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, LGUs GLoria
Gloria

33 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

2015 Expansion of Marine Biodiversity Conservation PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Program w/ MFI to cover 4 additional LGUs
Barangays
Capacity Building of partner community
organizations and Bantay Dagat Teams
Basic Coral Identification and Fish Visual PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Census training for ORMT members LGUs
Establishment and operationalization of the PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal LGU of
new Puerto Galera Mangrove Conservation Puerto Galera
and Ecotourism Area
Launching of new MPA in Baco PGOrM-PAgO MFI, Municipal LGU of
Baco
Launching of new MPA in Brgy. Maasin, PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal LGU of
Bulalacao Bulalacao
2016 Kick-off of annual School-based Youth Camps PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
and kiddie roadshows targeting 1,000 LGUs
students per year and continuing IEC with
lectures, symposium and no habitat
interaction
Signing of MOA with Provincial Government PGOrM-PAgO, Municipal/City-LGUs,
and LGUs of Calapan City, Baco, Naujan , Path Foundation Philippines, Inc.
Puerto Galera and San Teodoro for the
implementation of the USAID SEAnergy
Project (July 2016 – August 2018)
4th Biennial awarding for STAR MPA Awards PGOrM-PAgO, MFI
Renewal of engagements with Commercial PGOrM-PAgO, MFI
Fishing Vessel Owners Association to
implement Seasonal Closure in the entire
municipal waters of Oriental Mindoro
Implementation of the Partnerships in PEMSEA, PGOrM-PAgO
Environmental Management for the Seas of
East Asia (PEMSEA) Project “Strengthening
ICM implementation in Oriental Mindoro in
support of the sustainable development
strategy for the seas of East Asia” (December
2016 – December 2019)
Consultation Workshops and drafting of PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
ICAMP LGUs
2017 Agsalin Fish Sanctuary wins Most Outstanding PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Locally-managed MPA in the Philippines under LGUs
the PARA EL MAR Awards
Oriental Mindoro MPA and Law Enforcement PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Network wins Most Outstanding MPA LGUs
Network in the Philippines under the PARA EL
MAR Awards
Capacity building of Oriental Mindoro Fishery PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Law Enforcement Task Force LGUs, BFAR, PNP – Maritime,
Philippines Coastguard,

34 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Consultations and Policy synthesis for the PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Implementation of Pahingang Pangisdaan LGUs, BFAR, PNP – Maritime,
(Seasonal Closure) in Oriental Mindoro Philippines Coastguard,
covering over 300,000 hectares of municipal
waters during the months of November to
January of the succeeding year
Enhancement of Puerto Galera Man and Puerto Galera LGU, UNESCO, PGOrM-
Biosphere Reserve management PAgO, MFI
2018 5th Biennial Search for the STAR MPA Awards PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
LGUs
Passage of Provincial Ordinance creating the PGOrM-PAgO, SP, MFI
Provincial Marine Protected Area Network
Coordinating Council and for other purposes
Updating of 5-Year Integrated Coastal Area PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, PPDO, PDRRMO,
Management Plan (2019-2023) PG-ENRO, Municipal/City-LGUs, BFAR,
DENR, Consultant on Updating of the
ICAMP
Coastal and Marine Management Zoning of Puerto Galera LGU, UNESCO, PGOM-
Puerto Galera Man and Biosphere Reserve PGOrM-PAgO, MFI
2nd Cycle Implementation of Pahingang PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, Municipal/City-
Pangisdaan (Seasonal Closure) in Oriental LGUs, BFAR
Mindoro covering over 300,000 hectares of
municipal waters during the months of
November to January of the succeeding year
Finalization of the Oriental Mindoro ICAMP PGOrM-PAgO, MFI, PPDO, PDRRMO,
2019-2023 PG-ENRO, Municipal/City-LGUs, BFAR,
DENR, Consultant on Updating of the
ICAMP
Reference: Oriental Mindoro Provincial Agriculture Office, Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management Division and Malampaya
Foundation, Inc. 2018

35 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Rewards and Recognitions

As early as the year 2007, Oriental

Mindoro has been at the forefront of
recipients of the Para El Mar national
awards for best managed MPAs.
During that year, the Agsalin Fish
Sanctuary in Gloria and the Harka
Piloto Fish Sanctuary in Calapan City
were recognized among the top 10 in
the country. From being a mere CRM Coordinators awarded during the 2018 STAR MPA Awards pose
with Gov. Alfonso Umali Jr., Provincial Agriculturist Christine Pine and
recipient, the Province has now Chief, FCRMD Marilyn Alcanices.

institutionalized its own rewards and

recognition system that incentivizes
the efforts of groups and individuals
in protecting and conserving its
coastal and marine resources. The
first initiative for its own search for
Best Managed MPA in the year 2010,
known as the “Bayani ng Karagatan”
Partners in Coastal Resource Conservation and Protection pose
was launched during the 60th together during the 2018 STAR MPA Awards.

Foundation Anniversary of the Photos sourced from the Verde Island Passage MPA and BD Network FB page

Province. In the year 2012, the “STAR Figure 2.19 Awarding of CRM Coordinators and Provincial
Partners in Marine Biodiversity Conservation
MPA Awards”, short term for
“Sustaining Marine Protected Areas in Oriental Mindoro Thru Awards and Recognition”
became a biennial undertaking led by the Provincial Agriculture Office with the Malampaya
Foundation Inc. The STAR MPA Awards gave recognition and cash incentives to the Top 10
Best Managed MPAs in the Province and Best Performing Bantay Dagat Team among the
different LGUs. Now on its 5th biennial awarding, an additional Special Recognition for its

36 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

CRM Coordinators was made for those that have
completed and submitted results of their MPAs’
assessment using the Management Effectiveness
Assessment Tool (MEAT).

Marine Protected Areas

The establishment of a Marine Protected Area

(MPA) is an important tool in coastal management
owing to the benefits of the MPAs in providing a
sanctuary for fishes and other aquatic organisms,
in rehabilitation of damaged ecosystems, to name
Photo credit: PGOrM - Provincial Agriculture Office
and MFI
a few. To date, there are 35 MPAs already
Figure 2.20 Trophy for the Best Managed
established (refer to Table 2.15) with a total area MPA Champion
of 6,866.01 hectares. Two MPAs in the
Municipality of Bansud currently have no legal declarations yet as the resolution/ordinances
are still under legislation of the Sangguniang Bayan (refer to Table. 2.16). The legal
declarations (municipal ordinances) provide for the legitimacy of the protected areas, spells
out the importance of its establishment, the allowable activities within the protected area,
the penalties for violations and other various provisions of the law.

Puerto Galera MPA has the largest area with 4,828 hectares while the Banilad-Guinapangan
Fish Sanctuary in Pinamalayan has the smallest area with 10.28 hectares. The Municipality of
Pola has the most number of MPAs (7), while the Municipality of Bulalacao has the oldest
MPA (Balatasan Fish Sanctuary) established in 1999. The Provincial Government together
with the respective LGUs are considering other potential protected areas, while expansion is
being considered for existing ones (i.e. Baco MPA in the year 2019). The location of the MPAs
are presented in Figure 2.21.

37 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 2.15 Established Marine Protected Areas in Oriental Mindoro
Current
Year Initial
Location Habitats Area (2018)
Name of MPA Estab- Established
(Sitio, Barangay) Protected (has.)
lished Area (has.)

PUERTO GALERA
1. Puerto Galera Fish 12 coastal 2006 Coral reefs, 4,828.00 4,828.00
Sanctuary barangays, no take seagrasses (NTZ* – 250)
zone at San Antonio
2. Puerto Galera Mangrove Dulangan and 2015 Mangrove, Coral 17.80 17.80
Conservation and Tabinay Reef, Seagrass
Ecotourism Area
SAN TEODORO
3. Punta Ilag Fish Sanctuary Ilag 2009 Coral reef 23.10 23.10
4. Tamauyan Reef Fish Tacligan 2006 Coral reef & 89.37 89.37
Sanctuary seagrass
BACO
5. Baco Marine Protected San Andres and 2015 Mangrove, seagrass 152.53 152.53
Area Pulantubig and corals (NTZ – 32.71) (proposed
expansion for
2019 – 70 has.)
CALAPAN CITY
6. Harka Piloto Fish Lazaretto 2003 Coral reef 37.44 37.44
Sanctuary
7. Silonay Mangrove Silonay 2010 Mangrove Forest 41.00 41.00
Conservation
Area and EcoPark
8. Salong-Calero Seagrass Salong and Calero 2016 Seagrass and Coral 107.60 107.60
and Corals MPA Reef
NAUJAN
9. Masaguing Fish Masaguing 2010 Coral reef 16.39 16.39
Sanctuary
10. Tujod Fish Sanctuary Sitio Tujod, Herrera 2006 Coral reef 30.80 55.00
(Expansion
2018 - 24.2
has.)
11. Buloc-Buloc Cove MPA Sitio Buloc-Buloc, 2017 Coral reef 72.00 72.00
Montemayor
POLA
12. Bacawan Fish Sanctuary Bacawan 2006 Coral reef 23.44 59.00
(Expansion
2017 - 35.56
has.)
13. San Isidro Labrador Fish Buhay na Tubig 2016 Coral Reef 45.00 45.00
Sanctuary
14. St. John the Baptist Fish Sitio Curtihan, 2010 Coral reef; seagrass 49.38 70.00
Sanctuary Puting Cacao (Expansion
2017 - 20.62
has.)
15. St. Peter the Rock Fish Tagumpay 2010 Coral reef 25.11 47.21
Sanctuary (Expansion
2018 – 22.10
has.)
16. Stella Mariz Fish Sitio Dayap, Calima 2013 Coral reef 30.12 30.12
Sanctuary
17. Kingfisher Fishery Tiguihan 2013 Coral reef 14.66 14.66
Reserve
18. Song of the Sea Fish Misong 2013 Coral reef 60.61 85.00
Sanctuary (Expansion
2017 - 24.39
has.)

38 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 PINAMALAYAN
19. Ranzo Fish Sanctuary Ranzo 2006 Coral reef 16.39 24.00
(Expansion
2016 - 7.61
has.)
(proposed
expansion
2018 – 14.49
has.)
20. Banilad- Simborio Fish Sitio Simborio, 2010 Coral reef 10.41 31.75
Sanctuary Banilad (Expansion
2018 - 21.34
has.)

21. Banilad-Guinapangan Sitio Guinapangan, 2010 Coral reef 10.28 10.28

Fish Sanctuary Banilad
22. Pili Fish Sanctuary Sitio Bulaklak, Pili 2010 Coral reef 24.00 24.00
GLORIA
23. Tambong Fishery Tambong 2013 Seagrass 80.40 80.40
Reserve
24. Sta. Theresa Fish Santa Theresa 2013 Coral reef 14.40 24.70
Sanctuary (Expansion
2018 - 10.30
has.)
25. Agsalin Fish Sanctuary Agsalin 2004 Coral Reef, seagrass 80.13 80.13
BONGABONG
26. Masaguisi Fish Masaguisi 2006 Coral reef 21.68 21.68
Sanctuary
ROXAS
27. Paclasan Fish Sanctuary Paclasan 2012 Seagrass 30.00 30.00
BANSUD
28. Proper Tiguisan Fish Proper Tiguisan 2018 Coral Reef, seagrass 176.00 176.00
Sactuary
29. Salcedo Marine Salcedo 2019 Seagrass, Coral Reef 45.00 45.00
Protected Area
MANSALAY
30. Palaypay Cove Fish Palaypay Cove and 2006 Mangrove, 82.79 82.79
Sanctuary Balanga Point, B. seagrass, coral reef
Del Mundo
31. Allegria Sea Turtle Tikling point, Sta. 2008 Sea turtle nesting 934.61 meters 934.61
Habitat Brigida ground (shoreline) meters
(shoreline)
32. Mangal Marine Don Pedro and 2014 Coral Reef 206.00 206.00
Protected Area Cabalwa
BULALACAO
33. Balatasan Fish Balatasan 1999 Coral reef 179.00 179.00
Sanctuary
34. Maujao Fish Sanctuary Maujao 2009 Coral reef 40.00 40.00
35. Maasin Fish Sanctuary Maasin 2014 Coral reef 19.06 19.06
Total Area of MPA’s in Oriental Mindoro (hectares) 6,699.94 6,866.01
Total Length of Protected Coastline for Sea Turtles (meters): 934.61
Reference: Oriental Mindoro Provincial Agriculture Office, Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management Division, 2018
*NTZ – No Take Zone

39 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 2.16 Legal Declarations for Marine Protected Areas in Oriental Mindoro
Location Year
Name of MPA
(Sitio, Barangay) Established
PUERTO GALERA
1. Puerto Galera Fish Sanctuary 12 coastal barangays, no Municipal Ordinance No. 05-10 2006
take zone at San Antonio MPA Ordinance of 2006
2. Puerto Galera Mangrove Dulangan and Tabinay Municipal Ordinance No.001-2015 2015
Conservation and Ecotourism Area
SAN TEODORO
3. Punta Ilag Fish Sanctuary Ilag Municipal Ordinance No.03-2014 2009
4. Tamauyan Reef Fish Sanctuary Tacligan Municipal Ordinance No.03-2014 2006
BACO
5. Baco Marine Protected Area San Andres and Municipal Ordinance No. 86-2015 2015
Pulantubig
CALAPAN CITY
6. Harka Piloto Fish Sanctuary Lazaretto Resolution No. 390 City Ordinance 2003
No.10 (formerly Resolution No. 06
City Ordinance No.2)
7. Silonay Mangrove Conservation Silonay Resolution No. 390 City Ordinance 2010
Area and EcoPark No.10
8. Salong-Calero Seagrass and Salong and Calero Resolution No. 390 City Ordinance 2016
Corals MPA No.6 Series of 2017
NAUJAN
9. Masaguing Fish Sanctuary Masaguing MPA Ordinance No.61-2011 2010
10. Tujod Fish Sanctuary Sitio Tujod, Herrera Municipal Ordinance #54, Series of 2006
2005
11. Buloc-Buloc Cove MPA Sitio Buloc-Buloc, Municipal Ordinance at SB (Final 2017
Montemayor Reading)
POLA
12. Bacawan Fish Sanctuary Bacawan Municipal Ordinance No. 09-07 2006
Municipal Ordinance No. 06-01
13. San Isidro Labrador Fish Buhay na Tubig Municipal Ordinance No. 2016-01 2016
Sanctuary
14. St. John the Baptist Fish Sitio Curtihan, Puting Municipal Ordinance No. 10-12 2010
Sanctuary Cacao
15. St. Peter the Rock Fish Tagumpay Municipal Ordinance No. 10-11 2010
Sanctuary
16. Stella Mariz Fish Sanctuary Sitio Dayap, Calima Municipal Ordinance No. 2013-04 2013
17. Kingfisher Fishery Reserve Tiguihan Municipal Ordinance No. 2014-05 2013
18. Song of the Sea Fish Sanctuary Misong Municipal Ordinance No. 2014-06 2013
PINAMALAYAN
19. Ranzo Fish Sanctuary Ranzo Resolution No. 020-2005 2006
MPA Ordinance No. 02-2005
Municipal Fishery Ordinance of
Pinamalayan 02-2010
20. Banilad- Simborio Fish Sitio Simborio, Banilad Municipal Fishery Ordinance 2010
Sanctuary No.02-2010
21. Banilad-Guinapangan Fish Sitio Guinapangan, Municipal Fishery Ordinance 2010
Sanctuary Banilad No.02-2010
22. Pili Fish Sanctuary Sitio Bulaklak, Pili Municipal Fishery Ordinance 2010
No.02-2010
GLORIA
23. Tambong Fishery Reserve Tambong Municipal Ordinance No.05 – 2014, 2013
SB Resolution No. 113
24. Sta. Theresa Fish Sanctuary Santa Theresa Municipal Ordinance No.05 – 2014, 2013
SB Resolution No. 113
25. Agsalin Fish Sanctuary Agsalin SB Resolution No.3051-A; 2004
Municipal Ordinance No. 4-2005
BONGABONG

40 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 26. Masaguisi Fish Sanctuary Masaguisi Municipal Ordinance No.05-2012 2006
ROXAS
27. Paclasan Fish Sanctuary Paclasan Municipal Ordinance Series of 2012 2012
BANSUD
28. Proper Tiguisan Fish Sactuary Proper Tiguisan Under Legislation (SB Level) 2018
29. Salcedo Marine Protected Area Salcedo Under Legislation (SB Level) 2019
MANSALAY
30. Palaypay Cove Fish Sanctuary Palaypay Cove and Municipal Ordinance No.2007-34 2006
Balanga Point, B. Del
Mundo
31. Allegria Sea Turtle Habitat Tikling point, Sta. Brigida Resolution No. 2008-175, 2008
Municipal Ordinance No. 2008-40
32. Mangal Marine Protected Area Don Pedro and Cabalwa Municipal Ordinance No. 2014-85 2014
BULALACAO
33. Balatasan Fish Sanctuary Balatasan Resolution No. 99-10-219-A 1999
MPA Ordinance No. 99-10-021
34. Maujao Fish Sanctuary Maujao MPA Ordinance No. 12-03-127 2009
35. Maasin Fish Sanctuary Maasin MPA Ordinance No. 15-02-144 2014
Reference: Oriental Mindoro Provincial Agriculture Office, Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management Division, 2018

41 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Figure 2.21 Location Map of the Marine Protected Areas in Oriental Mindoro

42 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 CHAPTER 3

Current State,
Realities, Gaps and Needs

43 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 3.1 The Pressure-State-Response Framework and other ICAMP Approaches

The ICAMP 2019-2023 builds on the previously developed and/or drafted plans of the
Province. A conceptual framework was adopted to understand the interconnections between
the causes and effects of environmental degradation and find the solutions to avert any
further detriment, known as the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) Model initially proposed by
Tony Friend and David Rapport in 1979. The model analyzes the interrelationships between
environmental pressures, the state of the environment and environmental responses. The
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 1989-1990, evaluated
the relevance and usefulness of the model and member countries agreed that the PSR Model
was a suitable framework which was applied in their work in environmental reporting.

The concept of causality is the basis of the PSR

PRESSURE – STATE - RESPONSE
model (see Figure 3.1, Pressure, State,
Response diagram). Mostly anthropogenic
activities, but also environmental occurrences
(typhoons, earthquake, volcanic eruptions,
etc) and climatic changes, exert pressures on
the environment effecting a modification of
Pinter, L., Cressman, D.R. & Zahedi, K. (1999).

the quality and quantity of its natural

Figure 3.1 Pressure, State, Response Diagram
resources, leading to its current state. Human
activities include overexploitation of fisheries natural resources, deforestation, improper
waste management, pollution, and many others that affects the ability of the environment to
provide ecosystems goods and services for human well-being and for ecological balance. The
pressures exerted from the mentioned sources cover the proximate or direct pressures (for
example the use of resources and discharge of waste materials) and the underlying or the
indirect pressures that act as driving force for environmental issues, that is the activity itself
and resulting trends.

44 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

The environmental state reflects the situation as indicated by the existing environmental
conditions. This relates to the quality and condition of the natural environment, the quality
and quantity of its natural resources and its ecosystems, and the quality of life and human
health aspects. The environmental state therefore determines or reflect the ultimate
objective of environmental policies, or the response.

The response that results from the analysis of pressures and the current state, are societal
responses which are placed forward as environmental, general economic and sectoral policies
and by effecting changes in awareness and behavior, which can be by information, education
and communication (IEC) measures. The actions may be individual or collective actions and
reactions, that will mitigate, adapt to or prevent human-induced damaging effects on the
environment, halt or reverse environmental destruction already inflicted and preserve and
conserve nature and natural resources.

Other approaches used in the formulation of the ICAMP were the Ridge to Reef (R2R)
approach and the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). The EAFM is an
underpinning concept in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) that defined it as “A
strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes
conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.” The ecosystem approach is a way to
implement sustainable development, which is development that meet the needs of the
present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
This means that in the process of development, a balance between ecological well-being and
human well-being must be found, such that the natural resource base is not degraded while
it also avoids overprotection of resources that hinders development, and this is achieved by
good governance. In a similar manner, the Ridge to Reef (R2R) Approach looks at integrated
planning taking into consideration the terrestrial environment as it affects the coastal areas,
such as rivers, tributaries and upland activities as they impact the coastal environment.

The PSR Framework, the Ridge to Reef Approach and the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
Management were used for the ICAMP to examine the status of the habitats and ecosystems

45 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

such as mangroves, seagrasses, coral reefs and marine waters, and beyond municipal waters
into the terrestrial systems that impact on the coastal environment and thereafter formulate
appropriate programs and projects. It looked into the relations between and among the living
organisms (including human) in these habitats and ecosystems and the interaction between
the biotic and abiotic components of the environment, to reflect its state and identify
responses that would revert degraded conditions and conserve resources.

The ICAMP 2010-2015 recommended management tools to respond and mitigate the impacts
of identified pressures and improve the state of the environment of the province. These tools
included the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) and Networks, Ecosystem
Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) and establishment of Fishery Management Units (FMU),
coastal zone habitat and coral rehabilitation, beach forest rehabilitation, rehabilitation of
estuarine and mangrove ecosystems, watershed management for selected sites,
establishment of model communities per municipality, riverbank management (10 kilometers
from coast), solid waste management, risk reduction and disaster preparedness and climate
change adaptation mechanisms.

In the draft ICAMP 2016-2020, the workshops identified that to effectively implement these
management tools or mechanisms, there is a need to come up with policies and institutional
support. These include the institutionalization of environmental law enforcers (Bantay Dagat
groups and Provincial Law Enforcement Team), establishment of new MPAs and Fish
Sanctuaries, establishment and strengthening of MPA network by local legislation with
corresponding management plans and budgetary support from local government units at the
municipal or provincial level. On the commercial fishing sector, dialogues should be done with
the commercial fishers on fisheries management especially on the issue of encroachment in
municipal waters. The establishment of Fisheries Management Units and LGU Alliance by
legislation was also identified to support sustainability of actions and plans. On the issue of
equitable distribution of income, it was suggested that partnering with the Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) on beneficiaries of 4Ps is a way forward.

46 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

The formulation and production of IEC materials for students and fisher folk for behavior
change campaign should be done. To incentivize efforts that support activities, for
conservation and protection of natural resources, regular MPA and enforcement awards and
recognition, coupled with provision of conservation incentives (such as livelihoods) were also
identified. To monitor compliance and achievements of targets of these management tools,
the establishment of a standard monitoring and evaluation system is a must.

3.2 The Oriental Mindoro Local Government Unit Clusters

The Province of Oriental Mindoro consists of 14 municipalities and 1 component city. In the
year 2007 during a planning workshop to create a framework to operationalize the 2004
Provincial Coastal Marine and Inland Water Resource Management Code of Oriental Mindoro,
these local government units were divided to form coastal management clusters, known
thereafter as Clusters 1, 2, 3 and 4. Geographical proximity and contiguity of their coastal
environments together with their unique social, economic, institutional and physical
environment were bases for the grouping. These Clusters together identified their strengths,
weaknesses, critical issues, gaps and needs and together set their directional focus and
coastal resource management objectives.

These Clusters were convened during the August 2018 workshop for purposes of updating for
the ICAMP 2019-2023. Since 2009 when the first ICAMP 2010-2015 was developed and
adopted, a review of their focuses and objectives, (remaining) critical issues, conduct the
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis, and together set action
programs to update the ICAMP was necessary. The clusters conducted a review of these and
updated the information based on their assessment. Table 3.1 details the Cluster
memberships and their respective updated cluster foci, while succeeding sections of this
document show their issues and SWOT analysis.

47 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 3.1 Oriental Mindoro Coastal Area Management Clusters and Foci
Cluster 1 2 3 4
LGU Bulalacao Bansud Naujan Baco
Mansalay Bongabong Pola Calapan City
Roxas Gloria Socorro San Teodoro
Pinamalayan Victoria Puerto Galera
Focus Marine fishery and Protection and Protection and Promotion of
aquaculture conservation of conservation of sustainable
production marine resources Naujan Lake ring agri-aqua
and regulated ecotourism
ecotourism

As a result of the assessment of the cluster members, Clusters I and III did not have any
revision of their cluster foci. Cluster II on the other hand, have included regulated ecotourism
as among their focus owing to increase in trends towards this area, while Cluster IV inserted
the term “agri-aqua” to further describe ecotourism focus.

3.3 Major Coastal Management Issues in 2016

In the 2016 updating workshop for the ICAMP, major issues were identified by the workshop
participants which were then reflective of the situation in the Province. Nine (9) major
environmental issues were enumerated. Table 3.2 elaborates these major issues, the
indicators of environmental pressure, indicators of environmental condition (state) and
indicators of societal response. Deforestation from kaingin practices, decrease in mangrove
cover, issues on law enforcement, biodiversity loss, solid and liquid waste pollution, decline
in availability and quality of water resources and decline in fisheries resources were among
the issues identified. For biodiversity loss, the participants identified tourism having a
negative impact on biodiversity in both terrestrial and in coastal and marine habitats because
of their negative effects in coastal and marine habitats, which were from navigational
activities such as vessels’ release of bilge water, anchorage and accidents such as oil spills and
ship grounding. Implementation of ecotourism guidelines set by the Department of

48 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and regulatory mechanisms of the Department
of Tourism (DOT) have to be observed possible responses to the issues.

One the major environmental issue is the decline in mangrove forest cover which was
identified as caused mainly by mangroves conversion into fishponds. This was a particular
concern of participants from Bulalacao, Mansalay, Baco and Naujan. The activity resulted in
the reduction of spawning grounds of marine organisms and participants recommended to
implement strictly the ban on mangrove conversion to fish ponds and implement
aquasilviculture to raise fish and invertebrates in mangrove ecosystems for food and
additional income.

Another environmental issue identified by the participants is deforestation. This was

attributed more to the practice of “Slash and Burn” farming rather than from illegal logging.
This kaingin practice is done by indigenous peoples (IPs) like the Mangyan but also by non-IPs
who utilize IPs as hired laborers. For IP empowerment in managing their natural resources,
in Puerto Galera, the Kapulungan Para sa mga Lupaing Ninuno (KPLN) a SEC-registered
organization with primary objective of protecting their environment, they were awarded their
Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT).

All the issues which surfaced in the workshops in 2016 were further elaborated in the
updating workshop for ICAMP 2019-2023. Section 3.4 of this document, the Oriental Mindoro
Coastal Area Management Cluster Scenario 2018, provides an exhaustive list of issues
identified by the participants.

49 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 3.2 Summary List of Major Environmental Issues, Pressures, State and Responses, 2016
MAJOR PRESSURE STATE RESPONSE
ENVIRONMENTAL Indicators of Indicators of Indicators of societal response
ISSUES environmental environmental
pressure conditions

1. Biodiversity Tourism impacts on Damage due to oil spill, Tourism management implemented
Loss biodiversity in bilge water, anchorage
terrestrial and in and ship grounding
coastal and marine
habitats
Bioprospecting Decline in terrestrial Need to implement bioprospecting law
and coastal
biodiversity
2. Pollution Sewage Decline in water Regional Mines and Geosciences Bureau
contamination, quality in rivers, lakes (MGCB) and Environmental Management
agricultural run-off, and coastal waters Bureau (EMB) of the DENR regulations
industrial/ commercial Improve sewage disposal system
effluents Need to create a local multi-partite team that
will take a pro-active role in monitoring the
activities of commercial/industrial
establishments to prevent water pollution
3. Waste Solid and liquid wastes Inadequate One sanitary land fill (SFL) in Oriental
Management deteriorating quality of implementation of the Mindoro located in Calapan, two (2)
environment Ecological Solid Wastes controlled dumpsites
Most municipalities Management Act of Formulation of local solid waste management
use open dumpsites 2000 plans
4. Water Over extraction and scarcity and Coastal Marine and Inland Water Resources
Resources pollution of water degradation in water Management Code as mandated by Provincial
bodies quality Ordinance 004 Series of 2004
Need to implement provisions on Provincial
Environment Code on water resources
management
5. Fish Resources Illegal Fishing and Encroachment of Need for Payao Management Plan and
decline other forms of IUU commercial fishers Policies, and installation for small-scale
from other areas of from other commercial sector and municipal fishers using
Marinduque and Municipalities hook and line only
Quezon
Internal arrangement Marginalization of Stop the collusion between LGUs and
between LGU and municipal fishermen commercial fishers
commercial fishing
operators to fish
within municipal
waters
6. Mining Presence of small-scale Soil erosion and Ban of mining activities with Provincial
miners using tunneling pollution of water ordinances passed to ban large and small-
schemes (treasure bodies scale mining in the province since 2002
hunting cases) Implement moratorium for large scale mining
Presence of large-scale and small-scale mining
mining applications Created a Provincial Task Force on all forms of
mining (PTAFoM)
7. Deforestation Slash and burn farming Kaingin by non-IPs IPs in Puerto Galera awarded with Ancestral
Kaingin by IPs Domain, and organized to implement certain

50 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Kaingin by non-IPs programs and projects related to
utilizing IPs as hired conservation of environment
labor DENR closely link their greening programs
with IPs and provide assistance in
strengthening the IPOs
Accreditation of IPOs at Municipal Level
8. Socio- Unmanaged One specific area in Need to get FPIC
economic Traditional IP Burial Mansalay is not well Permits are required in some areas like
Indicators Grounds in Coastal managed Puerto Galera
Areas Highlight existing policies to manage and
preserve these culturally significant sites
9. Decline in Mangrove conversion Reduction of spawning Implement strictly ban on mangrove
mangrove forest to fishpond - concerns grounds of marine conversion to fish ponds and implement
cover present in Bulalacao, organisms mangrove aqua-silviculture
Mansalay, Baco, Enhance and expand the mangrove
Naujan, conservation and rehabilitation program led
by the provincial government
Declare identified mangrove areas as
mangrove protected areas as provided for
under the Provincial Environment Code
Source: Draft ICAMP 2016-2021

3.4 Oriental Mindoro Coastal Area Management Cluster Scenario 2018

Coastal area management is multi-faceted and each of these have to be considered in the
situational analysis process such that identification of appropriate program responses can be
more holistically achieved. During the updating workshop for this ICAMP, several aspects
related to the physical, economic, social and governance issues were discussed by the
participants. These areas included fisheries and coastal law enforcement, solid waste
management, human health, livelihoods, ecotourism, legal instruments and institutional
development, foreshore and coastal zoning, habitat management and watershed
management. While these areas have been grouped, it is evident from the lists that there are
issues that cut across, e.g. absence of institutionalization of a municipal environment office
to lead directions in solid waste management. The identified issues do not necessarily occur
on all clusters but reflect as issues occurring and faced by the province when taken as a whole.
The LGU Clusters discussed each of these areas within their jurisdictions and the information
generated from the discussions were tabulated per area and by cluster as shown in the
following.

51 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

3.4.1 Fisheries and Coastal Law Enforcement Issues
The issues under law enforcement continue to pervade coastal area management. For the
LGU clusters, in general, issues revolve around insufficient support for Bantay Dagat or the
lack of active patrollers in the case of Cluster I; continuing presence of illegal fishing activities;
intrusion of commercial fishers in municipal waters and non-observance of closed seasons;
and the insufficiency of human resources (manpower) for law enforcement activities.

Table 3.3 Fisheries and Coastal Law Enforcement Issues, by LGU Cluster
FISHERIES AND COASTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUES
Cluster 1  No active Bantay Dagat group in municipal waters
Roxas, Mansalay,  Unimplemented fisheries ordinance
Bulalacao  Operation of Commercial Fishing Vessels (CFV) in municipal waters
 Illegal fishing activities, such as compressor fishing
 Conversion of mangroves into fishponds or ricefields
 Selling of Fishpond Lease Agreements (FLAs) to individuals
Cluster 2  Insufficient logistics and honoraria for Bantay Dagat
Gloria, Bansud,  Illegal fishing activities
Pinamalayan,
Bongabong
Cluster 3  Lack of Bantay Lawa incentive/allowance
Victoria, Socorro, Pola,  Illegal fishing activities (electrofishing, cyanide, dynamite fishing) and use
Naujan of fishing gears/paraphernalia (salap, tibog, fine mesh net, habing, skylab
o bayakus, atiat, baklad))
 Encroachment of commercial fishing boats on territorial waters
 Insufficient logistics and personnel
 Non-observance of closed seasons for fishing
Cluster 4  Insufficient funding for activities
Puerto Galera, San  Non-prioritization of activities
Teodoro, Baco, Calapan  Insufficient manpower at Municipal LGU level
City  Illegal fishing activities
 Intrusion of commercial fishers
 Insufficient logistics for law enforcement

3.4.2 Solid Waste Management Issues

From the list that were identified by the LGU clusters, the non-implementation of regulations
under solid waste management is a common issue. An inactive Barangay Solid Waste
Management Council (BSWMC), the lack of human resources (environment officer, garbage
collectors), non-operationalization of Material Recycling Facilities (MRF), the lack of logistics
such as garbage trucks, and the lack of community support beginning at waste segregation
from the households were also acknowledged as issues faced by the LGUs.

52 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 3.4 Solid Waste Management Issues, by LGU Cluster
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Cluster 1  Absence of environmental office (MENRO) to focus in environmental
Roxas, Mansalay, Bulalacao issues and lack of personnel along solid waste management
 Insufficient fund for environmental protection
 No segregation of waste from the source
 Uncontrolled dumpsites exposed to landslides
 No operational MMRF
 No garbage trucks and garbage collectors
 Burning of wastes is the common system of waste disposing
Cluster 2  Unmonitored implementation of waste management regulations
Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan,  No space in backyards/households for biodegradable waste disposal
Bongabong  Lack of knowledge and discipline on proper waste disposal
 No water treatment facility
Cluster 3  Open dumping of waste/garbage
Victoria, Socorro, Pola,  Presence of hazardous chemical (pesticides/weedicides) residues
Naujan from rice fields
 Direct draining of livestock and poultry waste to rivers
 Inactive Barangay Solid Waste Management Council (BSWMC)
 Solid waste segregation not practiced
Cluster 4  Low community participation in solid waste management
Puerto Galera, San Teodoro,  No proper segregation and collection from the source
Baco, Calapan City  Lack of appropriation and funding for sanitary landfill and material
recycling facilities (MRF)
 No mandatory positions at LGUs
 Unavailability of equipment (dump trucks, etc)
 Inactive BSWMC
 No proper disposal of non-functional boats
 Weak implementation of RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000)

3.4.3 Health Management Issues

At the forefront of sustainable development is human health and well-being. Recognizing

that as human needs rise e.g. health maintenance, more pressure may be imposed on the
natural resources through extraction to support these needs. Against this background, the
LGU Clusters identified several issues, including the lack of medical facilities and personnel at
the rural level that can provide needed services to prevent or treat illnesses and still, the lack
of toilet facilities for some households.

53 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 3.5 Health Management Issues, by LGU Cluster
HEALTH MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Cluster 1  No animal bite center
Roxas, Mansalay, Bulalacao  Lack of medical facilities and equipment
 Dengue and Chikungunya virus outbreak during rainy season
 Lack of health services in Rural Health Units (RHU), mostly limited to
health check-up
Cluster 2  Increasing morbidity cases of tuberculosis, hypertension and diabetes
Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan,  Increasing malnutrition rate among 0-59-month-old children
Bongabong  Some households still have no sanitary toilets
Cluster 3  Incidence of Schistosomiasis
Victoria, Socorro, Pola,  Lack of household toilets
Naujan
Cluster 4  Unavailability of Resident Doctors and medicine
Puerto Galera, San Teodoro,  Lack of toilet facilities in some households
Baco, Calapan City

3.4.4 Livelihood Issues

In coastal communities where fishing is the main livelihood, fishing pressure may remain high
without the lack of livelihood options for fishers. They may continue to conduct fishing
activities despite a low catch, which further compounds other pressures such as illegal use of
more active, destructive but efficient fishing gears, just to be able to derive much needed
income. Along livelihoods, the workshop participants identified the inappropriateness of
livelihood interventions implemented, its lack of diversity and sustainability, and insufficient
funding support to beneficiaries. The lack of technical skills, knowledge and capital for
fisheries support services such as fish processing and capital for fishing needs (banca, gears,
boat engine) have also been identified.

Table 3.6 Livelihood Issues, by LGU Cluster

LIVELIHOOD ISSUES
Cluster 1  Least priority given to fisherfolk
Roxas, Mansalay, Bulalacao  Inappropriate kind of livelihood given
Cluster 2  Lack of diverse job opportunities
Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan,  Low income of fishermen due to increasing price of fishing
Bongabong paraphernalia and gasoline expenses
Cluster 3  Lack of technical skills, knowledge and capital for Fish Processing,
Victoria, Socorro, Pola, Fishing Banca, Fishing Gears, Marine Engine
Naujan
Cluster 4  Not all livelihoods implemented are sustainable
Puerto Galera, San Teodoro,  Low coordination in downloading national projects to LGUs
Baco, Calapan City  Low commitment of the beneficiaries in implementation
 Insufficient funding support provided to beneficiaries

54 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

3.4.5 Ecotourism Issues

Oriental Mindoro is richly endowed with natural resources that have potential as ecotourism
destinations, which in return can provide socio-economic benefits to the people. These
ecotourism sites are known to the workshop participants, and the common issue raised along
this line is the lack IEC materials that could help promote these and encourage tourists to visit
these places. Other issues identified include the lack of infrastructures or facilities, need for
further site development, an absence of community stewardship and investors, and also the
presence of solid wastes in the areas.

Table 3.7 Ecotourism Issues, by LGU Cluster

ECO-TOURISM ISSUES
Cluster 1  Difficulty of getting road right of way
Roxas, Mansalay, Bulalacao  Lack of IEC materials regarding tourism destinations
 No potable water in tourism sites
 Presence of Solid waste in tourism sites
 No community stewardship
Cluster 2  (none identified)
Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan,
Bongabong
Cluster 3  Migratory birds poaching
Victoria, Socorro, Pola,  Lack of promotional and IEC materials
Naujan  Absence of Infrastructure support
 Lack of Investors
Cluster 4  Lack of IEC and Promotion
Puerto Galera, San Teodoro,  Tourism sites not fully developed
Baco, Calapan City  Areas are highly susceptible to flooding
 No designated responders for tourism sites
 No budget allocation
 Weak implementation of Water Sports Activity

3.4.6 Legal Instrument and Institutional Development Issues

The issues raised along this area revolve around the lack of relevant LGU offices, lack of
ordinances or their weak implementation. For cluster 1, they the identified absence of
ordinances for solid waste management, the need for updating of their municipal fisheries
ordinance and the fees under the municipal revenue code. The absence of an FMO or a
MENRO Office and the lack of political will or the weak implementation of ordinances were
also identified as issues.

55 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 3.8 Legal Instrument and Institutional Development Issues, by LGU Cluster
LEGAL INSTRUMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
Cluster 1  No solid waste management ordinance
Roxas, Mansalay, Bulalacao  Out-dated Municipal Fisheries Ordinance
 Payment of fees indicated in Municipal Revenue Code needs to be
updated and increased
 Lack of political will to implement fisheries ordinances and other
related activities
 No Fisheries Management Office
Cluster 2  No MENRO to focus in environmental issues
Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan,
Bongabong
Cluster 3  Encroachment/ Squatting
Victoria, Socorro, Pola,
Naujan
Cluster 4  Coastal Land Use Plan (CLUP) not approved
Puerto Galera, San Teodoro,  Weak implementation of RA 7942 (Mining Act)
Baco, Calapan City  Weak implementation of Water Sports Activity

3.4.7 Foreshore and Coastal Zoning Issues

The identification of coastal zones to guide developmental directions has become an urgent
issue for action. Individuals with capacity to build permanent structures or have resources to
develop areas for their personal interest or have no other areas to build their homes are
emerging issues faced by the LGU Clusters. Coastal settlements in no build or identified
danger zones or squatting and encroachments in watershed areas are also identified issues.
Without proper action, these would later on cost huge government resources to restore and
implement proper developmental zones.
Table 3.9 Foreshore and Coastal Zoning Issues, by LGU Cluster
FORESHORE AND COASTAL ZONING ISSUES
Cluster 1  Reclamation of private individuals in coastal area particular seashore
Roxas, Mansalay, Bulalacao  Illegal sand quarrying/extraction
 Unsettled municipal waters boundaries between Mansalay and
Bulalacao
Cluster 2  Encroachment along the watershed’s areas
Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan,
Bongabong
Cluster 3  Establishment of permanent structures
Victoria, Socorro, Pola,  Settlement along the danger or no build zones
Naujan
Cluster 4  No proper or non-functional drainage systems
Puerto Galera, San Teodoro,  No identified proper docking area for marginal fishing vessel
Baco, Calapan City  Construction of buildings in no build areas
 Titled property in coastline or marine water
 Informal settlers along coastal areas/ water ways/low lying areas

56 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

3.4.8 Habitat Management Issues

The LGU Clusters have identified issues in mangrove habitats wherein there is seemingly a
general lack of technical guidance for efforts in mangrove rehabilitation such that unsuitable
species in unsuitable areas are being planted where science-based approaches are already
established for their reference. Cluster 1 also indicated mangrove cutting and their use for
charcoal production as among their issues. Other issues raised by the LGU Clusters include
encroachments in watersheds and fish sanctuaries, the lack of wastewater treatment and
heavy siltation on seagrass beds and coral reefs, presence of invasive fish species, endangered
monkeys and bleeding hearts birds.

Table 3.10 Habitat Management Issues, by LGU Cluster

HABITAT MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Cluster 1  Planting of mangrove in seagrass beds
Roxas, Mansalay, Bulalacao  Planting unsuitable mangrove species
 Mangrove cutting and massive charcoal production
 Anchoring of fishing vessels along identified coral areas
 Heavy siltation on seagrass and coral reefs
Cluster 2  Lack of wastewater treatment
Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan,  Encroachment along the watershed’s areas
Bongabong
Cluster 3  Endangered species of monkeys and bleeding heart birds
Victoria, Socorro, Pola,  Presence of invasive species (janitor fish, ayungin, eel)
Naujan  Encroachment of protected fish sanctuary
Cluster 4  Conflicting national and municipal laws (Mangrove habitat)
Puerto Galera, San Teodoro,  Weak coordination NGP (Mangroves)
Baco, Calapan City  Lack of science-based and technical input in mangrove rehabilitation
projects
 Siltation in seagrass beds

3.4.9 Watershed Management Issues

Despite national laws regulating “kaingin” and illegal cutting of forest trees, this issue has
been identified common to the LGU Clusters. Related to this issue are other arising issues
continuing degradation of watershed areas due to development, heavy siltation of rivers and
coral reef areas and conversion of forest land into agricultural land. Contributory to the
problem faced in this area is the lack of a monitoring team that can lead actions to curb
deforestation and its effects.

57 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 3.11 Watershed Management Issues, by LGU Cluster
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Cluster 1  Illegal cutting of trees
Roxas, Mansalay, Bulalacao  Kaingin

Cluster 2  (none identified)
Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan,
Bongabong
Cluster 3  Denudation of forest due to kaingin and illegal logging
Victoria, Socorro, Pola,  Heavy siltation of Subaan, Pula, Casiligan, Butas, and Malayas River
Naujan  Continued siltation of coral reefs area
 Conversion of forest land into agricultural (fruit trees and rice) land
Cluster 4  No specific source of potable water
Puerto Galera, San Teodoro,  Lack of monitoring team
Baco, Calapan City  Degradation of watershed due to development
 Illegal cutting of trees
 Hydro Electric Power Plant in San Teodoro causing discoloration and
siltation of rivers in Baco

3.5 Cluster SWOT Analysis

The LGU Clusters continued the coastal area management situational evaluation process by
conducting a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis. To
facilitate discussions and organization of their data, discussion points of their SWOT were
grouped into social, economic, physical-environmental and institutional areas. The analysis
done by the LGU Clusters can be found in Tables 3.12 – 3.15.

58 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 3.12 Cluster 1 (Roxas, Mansalay and Bulalacao) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis
STRENGTHS
Social - Organized Fisherfolks Associations, MFARMC, BFARMC and
Bantay Dagat in MPAs
Economic - Presence of financial and livelihood programs assisted by
LGU such as for 4Ps, IPs, Senior citizen, differently-abled persons (DAP);
established Fish port Facilities and diverse marine resources
Physical-Environmental - Established MPAs; Solid Waste Management
ordinance; established ecotourism sites; Mangrove Rehabilitation
Program
Institutional - Ordinance to operate commercial fishing in 10.1 km to 15
km; numerous enacted fisheries ordinances; with enacted
environmental laws; with zoning ordinance
OPPORTUNITIES
Social - Livelihood programs/opportunity and technical support from
other NGA and NGOs (MFI, Conservation International); intervention
programs, training and technical support conducted by NGA and NGOs
Economic - Intervention programs, training and technical support
conducted by NGA and NGOs including capability training; conservation
and protection program conducted by NGO and NGAs
Physical-Environmental - Intervention Programs and technical support
conducted by NGA and NGOs; NGAs support to LGU including financial;
fund support from Private Investors and NGOs
Institutional - Operation of Law Enforcement conducted by NGA
Technical support from NGAs and NGO
59 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
WEAKNESSES
Social - Attitude and commitment of FAs; insufficient allotted funds to
support MFARMC and BFARMC programs; insufficient funds for logistics,
honorarium and life insurance
Economic - Unmonitored livelihood programs due to limited
staff/manpower; lack of local expertise and familiarities for the
operation of fish port; over exploitation of marine resources
Physical-Environmental - Insufficient fund for the management of
MPAs; Insufficient fund to implement ordinances; poor community
involvement
Institutional - Lack of political will to curb operation of commercial
fishing below 10.1 km; weak implementation of enacted fisheries
ordinances; least priority given to environmental issues; no MENRO;
THREATS
Social - Prioritization of recipients/beneficiaries
Economic - Geographically exposed to natural hazards and natural
calamities; illegal entry of commercial fishers, use of compressor and
other illegal fishing gears
Physical-Environmental - Poaching of intruders from nearby
municipalities; health impacts; attitude of tourists e.g in improper waste
disposal
Institutional – Presence of political intervention or Lack of political will
Table 3.13 Cluster 2 (Gloria, Bansud, Pinamalayan and Bongabong) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis
STRENGTHS
Social - MFARMC/BFARMC well organized; well managed marine
protected area; fisher folks and boat registered
Economic - livelihood program
Physical-Environmental - tourist destination
Institutional - CRM funds allocation in Annual Investment Plans (AIP);
support from LGU and with political will; legal instruments in place
(ordinances, CRM Plans, law enforcement plans)
OPPORTUNITIES
Social - Rewards and recognition received (incentives); attraction of
other support partners; willingness of the community to participate
for conservation & protection in MPA
Economic - Willingness to learn more techniques and strategies how
to catch more fish; seminars and trainings for fisher folks to have
knowledge for alternative livelihood
Physical-Environmental -
Institutional -
60 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
WEAKNESSES
Social - low community participation; weak education, information
and communication dissemination about importance of coastal
resources
Economic - lack of capital; inappropriate interventions (fishing
paraphernalia)
Physical-Environmental - lack of amenities and concrete farm to
market roads (FMR); un-delineated and zonation of fishing zones
Institutional - insufficient funds; not updated legal instrument, ni
implementing rules and regulations (IRR); insufficient logistics and
honorarium; absence of FMO & MENRO personnel; fisher folk
registration not updated; boat registration incomplete (100% not
reached)
THREATS
Social - political will of next LCEs; illegal settlers on coastal zone
Economic - illegal fishing (use of fine mesh net, active gear, electro
fishing)
Physical-Environmental - illegal cutting of mangroves area
obstruction of migratory path
Institutional - political will of next LCEs; encroachment of CFV in
municipal waters
Table 3.14 CLUSTER 3 (Victoria, Socorro, Pola and Naujan) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis
STRENGTHS
Social - availability of manpower and health services; rich in cultural
and historical sites; organized, well-equipped and active M/BDRRMC
Economic - potential eco-tourism sites; livelihood and infra facilities;
strategic location of Victoria and Socorro along the Strong Nautical
Highway; availability of health services; increased accessibility through
concreted roads from Pola to Naujan
Institutional - organized deputized Bantay Lawa and Bantay Dagat;
organized POs/CSOs, BFARMCs; LGUs and NGAs support
Physical/Environmental - distinct geographical features; rich
biodiversity, productive coastal, freshwater habitat and agricultural
lands; presence of Naujan Lake National Park and established MPAs
OPPORTUNITIES
Social - availability of NGAs and NGOs in providing technical and
financial assistance
Economic - job opportunities through eco-tourism development;
presence of local and foreign investors for eco-tourism growth and
development
Institutional - presence of support programs from government and
non-government organizations
Physical/Environmental - presence of national programs for
environmental protection and development of eco-tourism sites.
61 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
WEAKNESSES
Social - presence of informal settlers; communities living on hazard
prone areas; inadequate supply of medicines and equipment and health
personnel
Economic - insufficient job opportunities and fisherfolk support
Institutional – poor implementation of environmental laws; insufficient
support for Bantay Lawa/Dagat and POs/CSOs; lack of political will of
leaders
Physical/Environmental - degraded coastal and freshwater habitat;
presence of poachers and illegal activities; inactive solid waste
management board; silted rivers and denuded forest; less prioritization
of environmental management
THREATS
Social - increasing population and poverty incidence
Economic - presence of illegal fishers from other LGUs/Provinces;
national policies on taxation (TRAIN Law)
Institutional - unsustained programs due to change in political
landscape; lack of political will of leaders
Physical/Environmental - Presence of meteorological hazards;
disturbance of coastal and freshwater habitat due to eco-tourism
development
Table 3.15 CLUSTER 4 (Puerto Galera, San Teodoro, Baco and Calapan City) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis
STRENGTHS
Social - Formulated plans (e.g. Tourism, Solid Waste Management, VAWC,
differently-abled GAD, MDDRM, Environmental, etc.) are implemented;
established respective councils/ boards; organized group and associations
are DOLE registered and SB accredited; low prevalence of malnutrition;
established Day Care Centers in all barangays; majority of the schools
meet the standard of students to classroom and teacher ratio; vast arable
land for agriculture; high production of marine products; provision of
benefits (health, social pension, services) for the elderly, IPs, 4Ps
beneficiaries
Economic - high source of income from tourism that includes
Environmental User’s Fee; development and promotion of eco-tourism
destinations
Physical-Environmental - Presence of natural beauty and resources
(Mount Halcon, waterfalls, Marine Protected Areas: sunken municipality,
dive sites)
Institutional - With established mandated/optional offices including
MENRO: PG, Calapan City/ MDRRMC; with corresponding environmental
ordinances; CLUP approved for PG, on-going for Baco and for approval for
San Teodoro and Calapan City
62 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
WEAKNESSES
Social - Low level of addressing social problems brought about by tourism
development; priority areas of newly elected officials are changing (All sectors)
Economic – In tourism, difficulty in communication and connectivity in Mt.
Halcon; consideration of direct beneficiaries in planning, identifying and
sustaining livelihood projects (e.g. group beneficiaries are not fully
cooperative in terms of management and implementation); insufficient
accommodation within strategic/accessible areas (Baco); not yet developed
unique specialized product to be known for (OTOP concept); absence of a
Grand Terminal for public vehicles
Physical-Environmental - Non-established coastal zones; degradation of
natural beauty due to rapid development; absence of flood control
project(Baco), drainage system (PG, Baco); limited distribution of potable
water system; insufficient fire-hydrant; encroachment of infrastructure
within the marine water/ near river banks
Institutional - M&E indicators are not properly observed due to time
constraints; lack of financial and human resources in all sectors;
assumptions/risk are not considered during implementation resulting to
delayed project implementation; Absence of CLUP, Zoning Ordinance and
permanent office/personnel MENRO for Baco; Insufficient plantilla personnel
to handle numerous tasks; overlapping resource users (water sports activities
within the fishing ground); gaps in some provision in ordinances, and varied
interpretations that sometimes lead to contradict the national law;
change/transition of new administration and personnel during change in
political leaderships; numerous mandated activities through ordinances with
no fund allocations; insufficient evacuation centers; identified volunteer but
no established QRT Team (PG); The Sphere Project: Non-compliance
Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response
 OPPORTUNITIES
Social - Presence of NGOs (Malampaya Foundation Inc., Stairway
Foundation, Conservation International, etc) providing numerous
assistance
Economic - Potential business enterprises and investors; convergence
and planned integrated tour package of Cluster IV (Entry is Calapan City,
Baco and San Teodoro that will exit in Puerto Galera or VV)
Physical-Environmental -
Institutional - Strong support (technical and financial) from the national
and provincial agencies/government; Sub-projects support from KALAHI
CIDSS
63 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
THREATS
Social - Fast changing values and culture due to varied and influx of foreign
and local tourist
Economic - Illegal human interventions (mining, logging, intrusion of
commercial fishing
Physical-Environmental - Natural hazards (e.g. Baco - floods, landslide,
tsunami, earthquake); identified issue in terms of hydro-electric plant in San
Teodoro causing discoloration of waters in Baras, Baco; siltation of riverine,
estuaries, tributaries, seagrass beds
Institutional - Casualness (SOP) and improper linkage in downloading some
interventions
 CHAPTER 4

Integrated Coastal Area Management

Directions and Institutional Mechanisms

64 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 4.1 ICAM Directions and Institutional Mechanisms

National and Local Policies and Rules

At the National level, Republic Act (RA) 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991
particularly Sections 17 and 465, mandates local governments to take responsibility in the
sustainable management, i.e. the development, conservation and maintenance of the
environment and natural resources to include the coastal environment and resources within
its territorial jurisdiction. RA 8550 (as amended by RA 10654) or the Philippine Fisheries Code
of 1998, indicates that the province has implied functions on the utilization, management,
development, conservation and allocation of fishery and aquatic resources. The law also
mandates formation of the Fishery and Aquatic Resource Management Councils (FARMC) to
serve as advisory to LGUs including recommendations in the enactment of fishery ordinances,
assisting in the enforcement of fishery laws, rules and regulations in municipal waters and
other activities. The Province is also guided by laws prohibiting pollution in any form in land
and waters as embodied under RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000),
RA 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004) and other laws issued in earlier years.

In the Year 2006, in response to the urgent call for marine resources conservation and to halt
further environmental degradation, Executive Order (EO) No. 578 was passed in November
2006 on “Establishing the National Policy on Biological Diversity, Prescribing its
Implementation throughout the Country, Particularly in the Sulu Sulawesi Marine Ecosystem
and the Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor (VIPMC)”. The law paved the way for active
involvement of the province in the VIPMC and in the protection of the highly diverse marine
resources along the Verde Island Passage (VIP). Together with the Provinces of Batangas,
Romblon, Marinduque and Occidental Mindoro, it pursues initiatives that protects and
conserves biodiversity in the VIP.

65 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Locally, the Provincial Government through its Sangguniang Panlalawigan, issued Provincial
Ordinance No. 004-2004, otherwise known as the “Oriental Mindoro Coastal, Marine and
Inland Water Resources Management Code of 2004”. The Code lays down the framework
and general guidelines to promote sustainable management, conservation and utilization of
coastal, marine and inland water resources within the Province. At the Municipal and City
level, ordinances on fisheries and other rules were passed to localize actions. Refer to Annex
1 for the List of Laws, Executive Orders, Administrative Orders and other rules mandating the
regulation, control and protection of natural resources and supporting the sustainable
development and utilization of these. Currently, the Provincial Agriculture Office together
with Malampaya Foundation Inc. is working on the review and subsequent passage of a
“Resolution on Adopting the Creation of a Marine Protected Areas Network Coordinating
Council in the entire Province of Oriental Mindoro”. The Sangguniang Panlalawigan’s
approval of the proposed Resolution will lead to an Ordinance that creates the Marine
Protected Areas Network Coordinating Council and define its composition, powers and
functions. To serve as its enforcement arm is the Provincial Fisheries Law Enforcement Task
Force, while its technical arm will be composed of the Oriental Mindoro Resource Monitoring
Team.

Sustainable Development Goals

The United Nations, with the Philippines being a member, agreed to a set of universal goals
which were defined in Rio de Janeiro in 2012 during the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development. These seventeen goals, known as the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDG), tackle interconnected environmental, political and economic challenges facing
the whole world. The Province of Oriental Mindoro takes on the challenge of achieving these
ambitious goals by recognizing and putting forward actions that will contribute towards
achievement of these. Doing so, it promotes actions that would respond to, for example, SDG
2 (Zero Hunger) with projects that aim at food security and sustainable agriculture, SDG 13
(Climate Action) by helping to combat climate change and its impacts, SDG 14 (Life below
Water) by ensuring conservation and sustainable use of its lakes, seas, and marine resources,
and SDG 15 (Life on Land) by protecting, restoring and promoting sustainable use of terrestrial

66 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

ecosystems and preventing biodiversity loss. The 17 SDGs are interconnected and successes
of any of these will lead to success in others. Along this line, the programs and projects of the
Province recognize the importance and are well guided and inspired by these SDGs.

Harmonization with National, Regional and Provincial Plans

The Philippine Government’s medium-term plan, the Philippine Development Plan (PDP)
2017-2022, anchored on the Administration’s 0-10 point Socioeconomic Agenda is geared at
“Ambisyon Natin 2040” goal. It envions that “By 2040, the Philippines shall be a prosperous,
predominantly middle class society where no one is poor. Our peoples will enjoy long and
healthy lives, be smart and innovative, will live in a high-trust society.” It articulates the Fiipino
people’s vision of a “Matatag, Maginhawa at Panatag na Buhay para sa lahat”. In the
government’s 0-10 point Socioeconomic Agenda,
the 5th - Promote rural and value chain development
toward increasing agricultural and rural enterprise
productivity and rural tourism - provides the
Provincial Government direction, an it in turn
thereby supports and aligns its plans alongside this
and the other points of the agenda. In the same
manner, the MIMAROPA aligns the Regional Plans
alongside the National Government’s thrust as
articulated in the MIMAROPA Regional
Development Plan 2017-2022. The Plan envisions
2022 as MIMAROPA being “The Destination of
Choice” and by 2040, be in consonance to the Figure 4.1 Oriental Mindoro PDPFP

National Government’s goal of “Matatag,

Maginhawa at Panatag na Buhay” for all.

The updating of the ICAMP 2019-2023 used among its framework the Oriental Mindoro
Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP) 2016-2025 (Figure 2.19). This

67 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

document guides the formulation and implementation of programs, projects and activities
province-wide. The PDPFP has several frameworks - the Land Use and Physical Framework
wherein the ICAMP is harmonized and guided by strategies of environmental conservation,
protection of natural resources and eco-tourism development; the Settlements Framework
in which, in a similar manner, the ICAMP has formed socio-economic clusters that highlights
the strengths and potentials of each LGU; the Protection Land Framework which highlights
protection of the Province’s natural physical resources and for which the ICAMP has strategies
revolving around terrestrial and marine resource conservation and protection, actions to
combat climate change and reduce vulnerability; and the Production Land Framework
wherein the ICAMP espouses sustainable agri-fishery production and diversification activities
that uses environmentally-sound farming practices. The ICAMP also supports other action
plans of the Province and ensures its initiatives run parallel with others. Along this, the Eco-
Tourism Strategic Action Plan for Marine Protected Areas in Oriental Mindoro 2019-2021 and
the ICAMP works together in fully supporting the holistic development of seven MPA areas
into eco-tourism destinations, and thereby thrust Oriental Mindoro to become the preferred
Agri-Eco-Tourism destination of Luzon and Visayas. The ICAMP further works in conjunction
with other plans covering terrestrial, coastal and protected areas, such as the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (CLUP) and Forest Land Use Plans (where applicable) of municipalities and city
of the Province to ensure synergy of objectives, strategies, programs, projects and activities.

The coastal areas of Oriental Mindoro are richly endowed with natural resources and
altogether are socially, economically and bio-physically important areas not only for the
Province per se, the MIMAROPA region, the country, but in fact for the world. The Province
is well situated along the Verde Island Passage, a world known area for high priority
conservation and protection due to its very rich biodiversity. As presented in Chapter 2, the
Coastal Environmental Profile of Oriental Mindoro, its terrestrial and coastal resources are
vast. Over the years however, increase in intensity in resource utilization by a growing
population and the need for continuing development have resulted to many social- and
environmental-related problems. These problems resulted to a complex web of issues, gaps
and needs as presented in Chapter 3, Current State - Realities, Gaps and Needs. Numerous

68 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

factors come in play in the current scenario including but not limited to, inadequate
capabilities of local government units (financial, human resources, logistics, others), poor
implementation of local ordinances and national laws and regulations, poor community
participation and need for change in behaviors, practices and attitudes, to name but a few.

The directions relative to coastal area management of Oriental Mindoro have been derived
therefore from the understanding of its current multifarious scenario. The identification of
the responses to the defined situation and the harmonious agreement of direction has been
achieved with the participation of the different municipalities and city of the Province as well
as representatives from partner government agencies.

This chapter presents the vision and mission of the Province of Oriental Mindoro as defined
in the Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan 2016-2025. The vision and
mission function as the over-all statement that sums in a single statement the provincial
government’s developmental strategic actions. In response, the Integrated Coastal Area
Management Plan aligns itself in this provincial direction. The foregoing will define how the
provincial government envisions its institutional role in terms of coastal area management,
the tools for management and key areas of action.

In alignment to the direction set by the Provincial Government, the LGU Clusters have
reviewed their action statements. The updated action statements reflect how the Clusters
will execute their role in coastal area management while sustainable development is achieved
both for socio-economic and physical well-being of their communities and for the protection
and conservation of natural resources by right governance. The LGU Clusters action
statements are presented in Figure 4.2.

69 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 4.2 Vision and Mission of Oriental Mindoro and the LGU Clusters Action
Statements

Vision
By 2025, Oriental Mindoro is a food base exporting high value agri-products, the
preferred agri-ecotourism destination in MIMAROPA and with an environment
conducive for investments.

Mission
The Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro is committed to promote
the well-being of an empowered citizenry prospering under a climate
resilient green growth economy through a proactive, accountable
and participatory governance.

Figure 4.2 Vision and Mission of the Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro

Cluster 1 Cluster 2

Shall together become the cluster with
empowered communities conserving,
protecting and utilizing natural resources
to produce marine and aquaculture
products propelled by a vibrant economy
administered by decent, proactive and
responsible public servants.
Shall together be economically-stable and
able to improve the socio-economic well-
being of their citizens through increased
community participation and
empowerment together with government
and NGO for a protected and sustainable
environment of marine and inland habitats.

Cluster 3 Cluster 4

Shall together conserve and protect the
ecosystem for a healthy, environment-
friendly, resilient and empowered
community that provides stable supply of
aquatic and agricultural products and
opportunities for public enjoyment through
recreation, tourism and economic activity.
Shall together work in a well-managed
ecosystem guided with fishery and
environmental laws, to be climate change
resilient and economically vibrant with
competitive, empowered, GAD-sensitive
and God-fearing community towards stable
agri-aqua-tourism cluster.

Figure 4.3 Updated Action Statements of the LGU Cluster

70 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 4.3 Coastal Area Management Tools

The multi-faceted coastal and environmental scenario that Oriental Mindoro faces requires a
multi-pronged management approach. At this point where development is unrelenting, no
single approach may be applicable to one issue, but it has to proceed in a sustainable manner
that considers and integrates human and environmental well-being. Several management
tools are already in place and remain to be relevant. Table 4.1, Tools for Coastal Area
Management of Oriental Mindoro, serve both as a reference and a guide for coastal resource
management officers and coastal area managers working in the province whether in
government, in non-government organizations or in other involved institutions. The
information also presents the strategies that are already in place or may be put in place, and
government agencies, LGUs, other non-government organizations and entities currently
involved and are using these tools in coastal resource management.

Table 4.1 Tools for Coastal Area Management of Oriental Mindoro

TOOLS FOR STRATEGIES AGENCIES/
MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS
Marine Protected  Strengthen and sustain existing MPA  PGOrM-PAgO
Areas and Networks  Establishment and expansion of MPA  LGU
 IEC Campaigns  MFI
 Maintenance or establishment of boundary  DENR
markers, guard house and other structures  SICAD
 Regular Bantay Dagat patrolling  CI – Philippines (CI-P)
 Capacity building by training, provision of  BFAR
Incentives and logistical support for BD and  Bantay Dagat
Provincial Bantay Dagat Task Force (PBDTF)  Maritime, Coast Guard, PNP
 Strengthening MPA Management Councils  Network
 Regular meeting of Oriental Mindoro MPA  Management council
and Law Enforcement Network  MFARMC
 Monitoring and Evaluation  People Organizations
 Collection of crown of thorns
 Coastal and underwater clean-ups
 Sustainability plans for BD, MPA management
council and volunteers
 Recognition and rewards systems
Ecosystem Based  Establishment of Fisheries Management Units  PGOrM-PAgO
Approach to Fisheries (FMUs)  LGU
Management  Formulation of EAFM plan  BFAR
 Trainings, workshops and orientations on EAFM  DENR
 Socio-economic surveys and evaluation

71 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

  Community involvement (resort owners)
 Establishment of closed seasons for fisheries
 Marine Spatial Planning, coastal zoning and
delineations
 Fish Stock Assessments
 Aquaculture support for improved fishery
productivity
Management and  Capacity building for CRM officers on habitat  PGOrM-PAgO
rehabilitation of and coral rehabilitation  PG-ENRO
coastal zone habitats  Coastal Habitat assessments  LGU
and ecosystems  Coral gardening  BFAR
 Coastal clean up  Barangays
 Reef check monitoring  Bantay Dagat
 Sustainability plans for ORMT
 Capacity building for local ENROs so that they
can actively participate in ICM implementation
Beach forest  Beach forest rehabilitation and protection  PGOrM-PAgO
rehabilitation  Establishment of beach forest nursery  PG-ENRO
 IEC, community meeting and planning sessions  LGU
 DENR
 Bantay Dagat
 Barangay
Rehabilitation of  De-clogging of river inlets and clearing of pens  PGOrM-PAgO
estuarine and in fish migration paths  LGU
mangrove  Mangrove forest rehabilitation, conservation  DENR
ecosystems and protection  Bantay Dagat
 Establishment of sea grass and mangrove  Barangay
reserves
 Establishment of mangrove nursery
 Planning on Estuarine and Mangrove Ecosystem
Management Plan and Team
Watershed and  Implement ordinance and national laws  PGOrM-PAgO
Forest management  Continuing reforestation  LGU
for selected sites  Small Water Impounding System (SWIP) for  DENR
household use in coastal barangays  Bantay Dagat
 Community engagement activities  Barangay
 Resource assessments (e.g. Naujan Lake, sub-
waters areas)
Water Quality  Monitoring of water quality  DENR – EMB
Management  Water sampling/classification  PGOrM
 Management of watershed areas  BFAR
 Creation of a local multi-partite team to  LGU
conduct water quality monitoring  IP Communities
 Barangay
Biodiversity  Inventory of biodiversity from ridge to reef  PGOrM-PAgO
Conservation  Assessment of MPAs  PG-ENRO
 Establishment of seasonal closures  LGU
 First responders training for wildlife handling  MFI
 Deputation of Bantay Gubat, Bantay Bakawan,  DENR
Bantay Lawa  SICAD
 IEC campaigns  CI-P

72 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

  Conservation incentives  BFAR
 Provision of diversified livelihoods  Bantay Dagat
 Maritime, Coast Guard, PNP
 Management council
 MFARMC
 People Organizations
Establishment of  Search for model barangay  PGOrM-PAgO
model communities  Clean and green  PG-ENRO
per Municipality  Best manage MPA  LGU
 Healthy people, healthy ecosystem awards  MFI
 Site prioritization  BFAR
 Community planning  DENR
 Bantay Dagat
 Barangay
Riverbank  Reforestation (forest trees and bamboo)  PGOrM-PAgO
management  Stream bank rehabilitation and development  PG-ENRO
 Maintenance and improvement of river foliage  MFI/CI
 LGU
 DA
 DENR
 Bantay Gubat/Bantay Lawa
 People Organizations
 Barangay
Solid waste  Strict Implementation of Solid Waste  PGOrM
management Management Act  LGUs
 Implementation of 3Rs in every barangay  PG-ENRO/CENRO/MENROs
 Establishment of MRF  Barangay
 Formulation/Implementation of local SWM
plans
Risk Reduction,  Maintenance of MDRR facilities  PDRRMO/MDRRMO
Disaster  Training and IEC for climate change and DRR  BDRRMC
Preparedness and preparedness (WASAR, MOSAR)  LGU
Climate change  IEC on hazard areas and vulnerability  PG-ENRO
adaptation assessment result  DENR
mechanisms  Identification of No-Build Zones  PGOrM-PAgO
 Strategic posting of hazard maps
 Conduct of the CIVAT – Coastal Integrity and
Vulnerability Assessment (Jan 2019)
 Mandatory relocation of vulnerable coastal
communities
Additional reference: Draft ICAMP 2016-2021

4.4 Policies and Institutional Mechanisms

Policies and institutional mechanisms are in place to direct and mobilize activities that
addresses the needs of institutions for interventions that will build both individual and

73 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

organizational capacities to strengthen coastal area management. The following (refer to
Table 4.2) are policies and institutional mechanisms identified in the workshops and are
currently applied in the management of coastal resources in the province.
Table 4.2 Policies and Institutional Mechanisms for Coastal Area Management of Oriental Mindoro
POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL
MECHANISMS
Institutionalization of
environmental law
enforcement (Bantay Dagat/
Lawa/Gubat/Bakawan)
groups and Provincial Law
Enforcement Team
Institutionalization of MPA
Networks
Establishment and Expansion
of new/existing MPAs and
Fish Sanctuaries
Inclusive Commercial and
Municipal Fisheries
Management
Establishment of Fisheries
Management Units
Establishment of LGU
Alliance for Environmental
Management
74 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
STRATEGIES RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
 Renewal of LGU commitments in resource PGOrM, LGUs,
management Sangguniang
 Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolution Panlalawigan, PG-
supporting the Provincial MPA and Law ENRO
Enforcement Network
 Separate capacity building for Bantay
Dagat, Bantay Bakawan, Bantay Lawa,
Bantay Gubat
 Agreement among MPA Councils which MPA councils
share boundaries or proven to be FARMC,
interconnected by the source and sink Sangguniang Bayan,
principle Sangguniang
 Joint Ordinance creating the network of Panlalawigan
MPAs
 Baseline assessment of the potential areas Academe, MFI,
for declaration as new MPA and Fish PAgO, Sangguniang
Sanctuary, including mangrove protected Barangay, PG-ENRO
areas Sanggunaisng
 Secure Barangay/s Resolutions agreeing to Bayan
the inclusion of the area in their barangay
in the new MPAS
 Passage of the Ordinance declaring the
new MPA
 Assessment of potential MPAs for
expansion such as mangrove areas
 Dialogue and consultations between CFV operators,
municipal and commercial fishing FARMC, LGUs
operators of Oriental Mindoro to agree on
areas of operation
 Legislation for zoning of small scale fishing
areas
 Integration of fisheries into coastal area LGU, PGOrM, BFAR,
management and fisheries research NGOs,
 This will attempt to combat Illegal,
Unregulated and Unreported fishing and
promote the FAO Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries
 Promoting Inter-LGU cooperation for LGU, PGOrM, BFAR,
fisheries and environmental management. NGOs, PG-ENRO

Adoption of the Ecosystems
Based Fisheries Management
(EBFM)
Inter-agency alliance for
inclusive programming
strategies
Establishment of an
Environment Court
Regular Livelihood Support
Systems and Conservation
Incentives
Institutionalized rewards and  A regular program of the PGOM with
recognitions systems
Additional reference: Draft ICAMP 2016-2021
75 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
 Ensure active/complementary/converging
roles of local ENROs and fishery office in
the alliance building .
 Integrated management of contiguous BFAR, PAgO, PG-
fishery resource to facilitate fishery ENRO, Sangguniang
management as a single resource system. Panlalawigan
This considers all ecosystems supporting
that are interconnected to the fisheries. It
shall be a policy to adopt a landscape or
ridge to reef approach to research and
development projects.
 A Memorandum of PGOrM, DSWD,
Understanding/Agreement with LGU
Provincial Government and the Municipal
governments to ensure that law
enforcement volunteers living below the
poverty line be included in the programs
benefiting the poor (e.g. 4Ps)
 Special courts to litigate environmental PGOrM, LGU,
cases especially for violations in RA 8550 Supreme Court,
as amended by RA 10654, the Forestry Tanggol Kalikasan
Code and other environmental laws
 Advocacy towards the Supreme Court in
the creation of this special court
 Specialized provincial legal retainers on
environmental law
 Regularly programmed livelihood support LGU, PGOrM, BFAR,
systems to the fisherfolk and farmers are NGOs
available to support socio-economic
advancement
 People’s Organizations and Civil Society
Organizations that have sustainable
conservation programs contributing to
biodiversity conservation and sustainable
development are continually provided
support and technical assistance
 Sustainable financing mechanisms are in
place (Trust Funds) as source of
Conservation Incentive to encourage
biodiversity conservation both in coastal
and terrestrial ecosystems
LGU, PGOrM, BFAR,
support of NGOs to reward best NGOs
managed MPAs and best performing law
enforcement groups
 Advocacy towards DENR and BFAR to
give awards for the best management
MPAs and for those that would excel in
enforcement of environmental laws
 4.5 Information and Environmental Education

An important aspect of coastal area management is the creation of awareness, generation of

support and achievement of voluntary compliance by individuals, groups, associations,
communities, organizations, agencies, i.e. all stakeholders, in environmental policies, laws
and regulations of the Province. Only with an inclusive support and cooperation of all
stakeholders can effective protection, conservation and rehabilitation, and achievement of
sustainable development can be achieved. Thus, an Information, Education and
Communication Program that targets environmental education of all stakeholders is
important. The IEC programs aims to effect change in behaviors, attitudes and practices,
deliver information and increase knowledge of stakeholders, and gather from them a sense
of stewardship towards terrestrial, coastal and marine environments.

In consultation with the workshop participants, a framework on IEC was developed that
defines the target audience, messages, expected behavior change and methods for outreach
(refer to Table 4.3 Information, Communication and Education Framework) which may be
referred to and serve as a guide for communication programming of the integrated links
between the well-being of the environment and human populations, and the links between
terrestrial and coastal ecosystems.

Table 4.3 Information, Communication and Education Framework

Target Audience Identified Messages Behavior Change Outreach Information
Materials and Activities
Upland and Ecological and economic Stop destructive Radio plugs, handouts/fliers
Lowland values of agricultural, activities and livelihood manuals, posters
Communities fisheries, forestry and adopt proper on illegal environmental
natural resources natural resource activities, endangered
management management species, biodiversity and
connectivity,
impact chain analysis
FARMC Strengthen the capacity of FARMCs, MPA Primer on RA 10654 and
MPA Management the management bodies in boards become CRM, flyers on function of
Body MPA or CRM more effective and FARMC and MPA
Provisions of Revised efficient in Management Board
Fisheries Code RA 10654 performing their
roles

76 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Youth Value of stewardships Play lead roles in Ecological Youth Camps,
environmental Caravans/School Visits
protection and ICEC Exposure Trips, Organize
activities Environmental Clubs
Local Government Passage of ordinances Proactive in CRM Radio guesting,
Officials Popularization of legislations Printing of coastal
environmental laws Lead in environmental profile and
implementation of popularization
environmental laws
Bantay Dagat, Key role in law Personal Participation in law
Gubat, Lawa and enforcement commitment to enforcement
Bakawan role as Bantay Deputation Training
Enforcement Dagat/Gubat/Lawa/
Bakawan
Officers
Teachers and Environmental Education Committed and Video clips on scientific
Educators (EE) Core Trainers Refresher effective research results, Scientific
Course Environmental conferences seminars,
Integrated EE Module for Educators workshops
teachers EE Manual
Tourists/Private Hotel owners, restaurants, Adopt sustainable Guide booklets, newspaper
sector/Businesses dive shops, tour operators tourism practices ads
Media Newsmen, radio Effective advocates Radio/TV clips, newspapers
announcers, TV hosts for resource features, flyers
management
CSOs/POs Environmental and Play facilitative role Community meetings,
Livelihood Organizations in CRM and Kapihan,
livelihood support Street theater
Government Regulatory agencies like More active in Primers on environmental
Agencies BFAR and DENR implementation of laws, IRRs and circulars,
environmental laws including local
Local government units Pro-actively share policies/ordinances
with the NGAs the Conduct lectures, trainings
responsibility of and seminars
conserving and
protecting the
environment
Policy Urgent environmental bills Support Lobby with legislators and
makers/Legislators environmental bills provide policy briefs
Indigenous Value of forest and Stop slash and burn Brochures/flyers and
peoples biodiversity (kaingin) farming posters on environmental
Stop trafficking of laws, environment-friendly
wildlife practices and biodiversity-
friendly livelihoods
Meetings with the IPs
Additional reference: Draft ICAMP 2016-2021

77 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 4.6 Monitoring and Evaluation

The periodic monitoring process will review and assess the implementation of the ICAMP
2019-2023 to measure the progress of implementation and the extent whereby the targets
(plans and programs) are met vis-à-vis timeframes, and in terms of qualitative and
quantitative achievements. The process will also evaluate the ICAMP to the degree by which
the objectives and strategies set in the plan have been achieved, factors both contributory
and constraining are analyzed, and appropriate recommendations on next steps, changes or
policies are made; in essence, to institute an adaptive management approach.

The monitoring and evaluation will be conducted annually and will be a joint undertaking by
provincial government offices led by the PPDO. A Technical Working Group will be created
for the purpose. The annual ICAMP review will ascertain whether its plans, programs and
strategic directions are still relevant, responsive and continue to be attainable, and measure
the achievements of the past year.

78 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Table 4.4 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework
GOAL OBJECTIVES
Marine Protected Areas Strengthen and sustain
existing MPAs
Boundary markers set up
Strengthen Bantay Dagat
Strengthen MPA management
council
Construction of Guard
Houses
Monitoring and Evaluation
Collection of COT and coastal
cleanup
IEC
Establish mangrove protected
areas
MPA Network Establish MPA Network
Ecosystem Based Establishment of FMU
Fisheries Management
(EBFM)
Formulation of EAFM plan
79 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
KEY RESULT AREAS
Well-managed MPAs
Boundary markers maintained
Trainings for Bantay Dagat, BFLET
& AFLET, values formation
Empowered Law Enforcement
(patrolling and surveillance
Review of roles and functions of
council
Guard houses constructed
Regular monitoring of status of
MPA
Mobilize COT collection and
coastal clean up
IEC (Schools and coastal
communities doing IEC)
Mangrove Protected Areas
established with local ordinance
Provincial BD Network
LGU or MPA Alliance
Establishment of Ecosystem based
fishery management unit
Formulation of EB
EAFM Plan agreed upon
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS TIMELINE
Existing MPA strengthened and Yr 1-5
sustained and given award
Number of boundary markers Yr 1
still functional
Logs of patrols conducted Yr 1 - 5
Number of trainings
Logistics Support
Number of regular and special Yr. 1-5
meetings with minutes
Number of guard housed Yr 1
efficiently utilized
Number of Monitoring Yr 2-5
Regular collection of COT and Annual activity
coastal clean up
Number and quality of IEC Quarterly Activity
Number of mangrove protected Year 2-5
areas
Alliance of MPA Management Yr 1 – 5
councils BD formed
Number of meetings
FMU’s established Yr 2
EAFM plan formulated Yr 1 -5
Coastal zone habitat and Coral Rehabilitation
coral rehabilitation
Mangrove and beach
reforestation
Reef check monitoring
Sustainability of ORMT
Watershed /Forest Implement ordinance and
management for selected national laws
sites
Continuous Reforestation
Water Quality Monitoring of water quality
Management
Water sampling/classification
Biodiversity Conservation Assessment of MPAs and PAs
Establishment of seasonal
closure
First responders training for
wildlife handling
80 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
Training on Coral Rehabilitation Number of training done Yr 1
(BD, POs, BLGUs, LGUs)
Establishment of coral nurseries Number of CNUS and COPS Yr 2 – 5
transplanted
Mangrove and beach forest Number of mangroves planted Yr 1
planting and rehabilitation (not just Rhizophora sp.)
Resolution/Ordinance for Ordinance passed Yr 2
regulating beach seine
(Installation of signages)
Assessment of coral reefs and Reef check monitoring Yr 1- 5
benthic communities conducted
Monitoring and evaluation Monitoring Team of OR Yr 1-5
sustained
Continuous tree planting of Compliance with ordinance and Yr. 1 - 5
watershed areas national Level of cooperation
/participation
Reforestation of degraded areas Number of hectares and species Yr 1-5
of trees planted
Water sampling and Water Number of water samples Quarterly
classification monitored
Water quality or number of
water samples
Water purification facilities Number of facilities established Yr 1-2
establishment
Inventory of Biodiversity within Number of MPAs/PAs assessed Yr 1-2
the area of Bantay Gubat
Study of closure season Seasonal closure enacted Yr 1 - 5
Training/seminar on Biodiversity Training for wildlife handling Yr. 1-2
Deputation conducted
 Establishment of model
communities per
Municipality
Riverbank management
Solid waste management
Risk Reduction and
Disaster Preparedness/
Climate change
adaptation mechanisms
Additional reference: Draft ICAMP 2016-2021
81 ICAMP 2019 – 2023
Search for model Clean and
green barangay
Best manage MPA
Healthy people, healthy
ecosystem awards
Reforestation, stream bank
development
Strict Implementation of Solid
Waste Management Act
Implementation of 3Rs in
every barangay
Establishment of MRF
Procurement and
maintenance of MDRR
facilities and equipment
IEC for climate change and
DRR preparedness
IEC on Hazard Areas and VA
result
Proper solid waste management Model barangay and clean and Yr 1 -5
Healthy environment green recognized
Well- disciplined communities
RA 9003
Every household should have at Best manage MPA recognized Annual
least one forest tree/beach forest Healthy people, healthy
to care for ecosystem awards implemented
Solar power for every household
Millennium Development Goal
Community participation on
environmental conservation
Riverbank stabilization thru Reforestation, stream bank Yr 1 - 5
planting of different forest trees development done
&bamboo plant
RA 9003 strictly implemented Solid Waste Management Act Yr 1 - 5
strictly implemented
Proper waste disposal 3Rs campaign in every barangay Yr 1 - 5
IEC on waste segregation Implemented
including 3Rs
Bio composting/gardening MRF established
Establishment of MRF
Training on disaster preparedness MDRR facilities and equipment Yr 1
maintained
Training on First Aid and Basic Life CC and DRR preparedness IEC Yr 1 - 5
Support CCA Plan legislated
WASAR and MOSAR
IEC on Climate change adaptation Hazard Areas and VA result IEC Yr 1 - 5
mechanisms IEC on Climate conducted
change adaptation mechanisms
 CHAPTER 5

Programs and Projects on

Coastal Area Management

82 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 5.1 Integrated Coastal Area Management Programs and Projects

The identification of programs, projects and the detailed activities are important components of any plan as these are the so-called vehicles by
which the plan will be implemented. The updated ICAMP 2019-2023, for its 1st year of implementation (2019), has identified the programs,
projects and activities that will be implemented for that period from the 2019 Annual Investment Plans, both the Province and for the LGUs. The
targets reflected in Table 5.1 are therefore approved targets and budgets for the year 2019. Henceforth, from 2020-2023 the indicated amounts
are investment requirements using 2019 budgets as baseline with a target increase of 15%.

Table 5.1 2019-2023 ICAMP Programs and Projects

Programs/Projects Implementing Investment Requirement (P’000) 5-Year
Activities Offices 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total
(actual) (Estimated) (Estimated) (Estimated) (Estimated)

Oriental Mindoro Provincial Government, by program area

Inland and Marine Productivity Enhancement

Technical assistance and input support to FLAs, fishpond PAgO 2,000 2,300 2,645 3,042 3,498 13,485
operators
Fingerling dispersal and fishing paraphernalia support to LGUs PAgO 2,000 2,300 2,645 3,042 3,498 13,485
and POs (other fund sources)
Ecosystem Approach to Fishery Management

Sustainable management of coastal, marine and fishery PAgO 3,669 4,219 4,852 5,580 6,417 24,737
resources (marine spatial planning, zoning, delineations of
municipal waters, fish stock assessments, habitats and ecological

83 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 assessments, logistical support to protected areas, rewards,
recognition and incentives, aquatic product enterprise and
processing development support,
Technical/financial/livelihood assistance to fisherfolk PAgO 5,000 5,750 6,612 7,604 8,745 33,711
associations (other fund sources)
Institutional development for ORMT, MPA LEN Network, PAgO 1,000 1,150 1,322 1,521 1,749 6,742
MFARMCs (other fund sources)
Coastal community-based ecotourism development PAgO 21 24 28 32 37 142
Fishery Law Enforcement

Capacity building for Provincial and MPA Bantay Dagat, rewards PAgO 946 1,088 1,251 1,439 1,655 6,379
and recognition, patrolling activities
Forest and Water Resources Management

Mangrove Conservation, Protection and Rehabilitation PG-ENRO 5,000 5,500 6,050 6,655 7,320 30,525
(Capacity building, Assessment, M&E, Technical/Financial
Assistance, IEC, Institutional Development)
Riverbank/Streambank Rehabilitation (Capacity-building, PG-ENRO 500 550 605 665 732 3,052
Assessment, M&E, Labor services, IEC)
Environmental Management

Solid Waste Management (IEC/Promotion of 4Rs, Capacity- PG-ENRO 2,000 2,200 2,420 2,662 2,928 12,210
building, Provision of Materials Recovery Facility)
TOTAL for Provincial Government 14,636 16,831 19,355 22,260 25,599 98,681

Programs/Projects Implementing Investment Requirement (P’000) 5-Year

Activities Offices 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total
(actual) (Estimated) (Estimated) (Estimated) (Estimated)

Local Government Units, by program area

Fishery Development Program MAgO, 157 181 208 239 275 1,060

84 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Bongabong

Environmental Management Program MENRO, 804 925 1,064 1,224 1,408 5,425
(Forest, Watershed, Mangroves, Solid Waste, management of Bongabong
small mining operations)

Fishery Management Program FMO, 2,963 3,407 3,918 4,506 5,182 19,976
(Coastal Resource Management Program, Logistics procurement Naujan
and support, MPA maintenance, Guard House construction)

Fishery Development Program MAgO, 1,049 1,206 1,387 1,595 1,834 7,071
(Maintenance of fish sanctuaries, provision of livelihoods Pinamalayan
(FADs/payao), aquasilviculture)

Fishery Enhancement Program and CRM MAgO, 1,100 1,265 1,455 1,673 1,924 7,417
(Protection of municipal waters, provision of logistics for San Teodoro
patrolling, fishermen training and MPA establishment)
Fish and Fishery Projects MAgO, 830 954 1,097 1,262 1,451 5,594
(Materials and equipment support to fisherfolk livelihoods, San Teodoro
trainings and seminars)
Fisheries Development Program FMO, 3,100 3,565 4,100 4,715 5,422 20,902
(Development planning-workshops, strengthening of Calapan City
CFARMC/BFARMC, fisherfolk, gear and vessel registration and
licensing, management of MPAs, law enforcement activities, IEC
school campaigns, fisherfolk livelihoods, awards and
recognitions)
Integrated Coastal Resource Management MAgO, 8,530 8,590 9,878 11,360 13,064 51,422
(BD honoraria, insurance, logistics support, patrolling and Gloria
strengthening; guardhouse construction; patrol boat
procurement; BFARMC and MFARMC strengthening; MPA
conservation, rehabilitation, biophysical assessments; IEC
campaigns; fishponds support for inland fish production, dike

85 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

repairs and concreting; fish processing training, marketing,
packaging, equipment and capital assistance; calamity affected
fisherfolk assistance; motorboat and fishing paraphernalia
support to poor fisherfolk; artificial reef installation; insurance
coverage for boats and gears; updating of MPA management
plan and municipal fishery ordinance)
Fishery Development Services MAgO, 2,222 2,555 2,938 3,379 3,886 14,980
(Lake Resource Management including maintenance of fish Socorro
sanctuaries, support to fishery law enforcement and coastal
clean-up; Support to post-harvest fish processing, capital outlays
and trainings)

Fishery Development Program MAgO, 1,238 1,424 1,638 1,884 2,167 8,351
(Inland Fisheries Development including fingerling distribution Victoria
and trainings; Lakeside Fisheries Development including
protection and maintenance of fish sanctuaries, training,
deputation, logistical support and honoraria for Bantay Lawa;
clean-up drives in lake and rivers, reforestation along lake side;
Provision of fish traps and gears; maintenance and operation of
banca)
Fishery Development Program MAgO, Roxas 260 299 344 395 454 1,752
(Fingerling dispersal, artificial reef installations, patrol boat
maintenance and support to seaborne patrolling, MPA
monitoring, provision of fishing paraphernalia, Bantay Dagat
honoraria and mangrove forest rehabilitation)
Fishery, Coastal and Marine Resources Management and MAgO, Puerto
Development Galera
(Aquaculture Production/Productivity Enhancement, Coastal
Resource & MPA Management, Climate change adaptation and
mitigation, Bantay Dagat Operation: Fishery law enforcement,
Fingerlings Dispersal, Population-Health-Environment (PHE)
Management in coastal areas, Mud Crab Culture, training and
IEC)

86 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Fishery Development Program MAgO, Baco 1,225 1,409 1,620 1,863 2,143 8,260
(Law enforcement – Patrolling, Massive Boat Registration
Campaign, Bantay Dagat Capability/Capacity Training; MPA
management - Installation of Markers, MPA/Fish Sanctuary
assessment and monitoring, Bantay Dagat Incentives;
Community Involvement – IEC, Coastal Clean Up, Mangrove
Planting; Marine and Fresh Water - IEC on Fishery Laws and
Climate Change on coastal and in general; Creation of MPA
Management Plan; Additional deputation of Bantay Dagat;
Conduct training on Fishery Sustainable Livelihoods; Expansion
and monitoring of MPA; Provision of fisherfolk with needed
intervention including motorized boats with fishing
gears/paraphernalia)
Marine and Inland Fishery Development (provision fingerlings, MAgO, Pola 1,153 1,326 1,525 1,754 2,017 7,775
fishing gears and paraphernalia, trainings on fishery
development)
Integrated Ecosystem Management (Marine Protected Areas -
hiring of Bantay Dagat, marker buoys and other paraphernalia
including communication equipment procured, repaired and
maintained)
Institutional Support & mechanism (Provision of farming and
fishing implements to organized groups and procurement of
uniforms for farmers and Bantay Dagat)
Agro-Marine Related Activities (Incentives for rescues of
endangered species, Bantay Dagat Meetings, Seaborne patrolling
and monitoring, assessment and evaluation of MPAs;
transportation of farm and marine inputs)

Notes:
 Data for Year 2019 are approved projects and budgets under respective Annual Investment Plans of the Provincial Government and LGUs
 Data for Year 2020 – 2023 reflect estimated increase in budgets at 15% annually for activities

87 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 5.2 Participants Recommendations on Immediate Next Steps
on Integrated Coastal Management

A. Social Preparation and Advocacy

 Training and familiarization of LGU designated personnel in environmental, fisheries
and CRM programs
 Assistance to LGUs for public consultations in the amendment of Fisheries Ordinances
aligned to Republic Act 10654
 Creation of unified ordinance for Clusters against intrusion in municipal waters
 Regular information and educational campaigns covering ecosystems protection, solid
waste management
 Inter-agency and Inter-LGU agreement on zonation and delineation of municipal
waters
 Intensive training and education for LGU Officials to promote waste segregation
 Strengthening of Bantay Dagat, Lawa, Bakawan and Gubat by provision of trainings,
incentive allowance, tools and equipment for patrolling
 Promotion and demonstration of the reuse, recycle and reduce techniques and
practices in communities
 Support LGUs and advocate for allocation of development fund towards eco-tourism,
improvement of roads and facilities
 Capacitate local ENROs in the establishment of and formulation of local policies on
mangrove protected areas

B. Data Gathering and Research

 Conduct of coral assessments
 Conduct mangrove assessment
 Conduct of household waste analysis and characterization to strategize actions for
waste segregation
 Complete inventory of boats
 Assessment and inventory of potential conservation-based and environmentally-
friendly enterprises for communities and individuals prioritizing fisherfolks

88 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

C. Conservation and Rehabilitation
 Establishment of additional marine sanctuary and expansion into mangrove areas
 Planting of mangrove and other climate-resilient tree species; reforestation and
riverbank tree planting
 Establishment of mangrove nurseries
 Stricter implementation and enforcement of different environmental laws and
policies, including fisheries code and solid waste management
 Coastal zonation and delineation to settle boundary conflicts and identify specific
coastal use zones
 Foreshore management planning and utilization to address human settlements along
shorelines
 Support to regular patrolling and monitoring of Bantay Lawa, Bantay Gubat and
Bantay Bakawan

D. Conservation Incentives
 Identification and implementation of different livelihood projects to increase
household income and empower communities
 Establishment of well-conceived and developed ecotourism sites
 Promotion of eco-tourism and encourage private investors to generate employment
 Training on new and profitable technologies on aquaculture and provision of
fingerlings for livelihoods
 Technical support in conduct of feasibility studies before livelihood implementation
 Provision of biodiversity-friendly livelihood particularly to IPs

E. Institutional Support

 Creation of an ICAMP Monitoring and Evaluation TWG (PPDO as lead, PAgO, PG-ENRO,
PDRRMO, Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office, Provincial Tourism
Investment and Economic Development Office, Provincial Health Office, Strategic
Intervention and Community-Focused Action towards Development) to handle the
monitoring and evaluation of the integrated coastal area management plan
implementation of Oriental Mindoro
 The TWG shall refine and/or develop a framework for assessing and evaluating the
ICAMP

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89 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 ANNEXES

90 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Annex 1. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

The Philippine Government has clearly defined laws, orders and promulgations that define
the role of the Local Government Units, including Provinces, as to the management of its
coastal and other natural resources. These policies include the following (non-exhaustive)
list:

• Republic Act 7160 - The Local Government Code of 1991

• Republic Act 8550, amended RA 10654 - The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
• Republic Act 9275 – The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
• Republic Act 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
• Republic Act 7586 – The National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992
• Republic Act 9147 – Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of 2001
• Republic Act 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
• Presidential Decree 1067 – The Water Code of the Philippines
• Presidential Decree 1586 – Environmental Impact Statement System
• Provincial Ordinance No. 003-2004 – The Oriental Mindoro Environment Code of
2004
• Provincial Ordinance No. 004-2004 – The Oriental Mindoro Coastal, Marine and
Inland Water Resources Management Code of 2004
• Executive Order No. 578 – Establishing the National Policy on Biological Diversity,
Prescribing its Implementation throughout the Country, Particularly in the Sulu
Sulawesi Marine Ecosystem and the Verde Island Passage Marine Corridor

91 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

Annex 2. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS TO THE ICAMP UPDATING WORKSHOP

Consultation and Drafting of Integrated Coastal Area Management Plan (ICAMP)

2019 – 2023 for Finalization and Packaging
August 23-24, 2018, Parang Beach Resort, Calapan City

Local Government Unit/ Office Name of Participant Title/Designation

Calapan City Wilfredo G. Landicho City ENRO
Clark Ross T. Bautista CRM Coordinator
Loida Bautista Chairperson, City FARMC
Baco Solomon Paulo T. Barroso CRM Coordinator
Xryn L. Mortel LDRRMO II
Miranda S. Doutch Peace Corps Volunteer
Nicanor R. Manalo OIC-MENRO
Ferdinand Abas Bantay Dagat President
Michael M. Sison MPD Office
Pinamalayan Fredecino A. Toriano Jr. Planning Officer II
Gina D. Escarez Administrative Aide IV
Norman T. dela Cruz Administrative Officer II
Danica P. Pomes Agricultural Technologist
Naujan Melvin D. Bacay EMS
Dionisio S. Mercado LDRRMO I
Sammy G. Magnaye Agricultural Technologist
San Teodoro Cynthia A. Abutan LDRRM Assistant
Delmar B. Canubas MAGO
Leovic A. Arenillo CRM Coordinator
Ronaldo P. Perez MPDO
Roxas Marilyn M. Manlolo Admin Aide III
Mansalay Jilesa S. Dimaano Agricultural Technologist
Jemale G. Fajutnao Municipal Agriculturist
Victoria Bernadette Cayetano Agricultural Technologist
Pola Elizalde B. Sigue MPDC
Louie M. Ereve MDRRMO
Ma. Teresa Proceso MENRO
Lorenzo F. Carreon II LDRRMO
Gina B. Llave AEW
Gloria Ma. Glenda Fe M. Mejico MENRO
Rio Mae Larga MDRRMO
Meljoy s. Malupa Agricultural Technologist/
CRM Coordinator
August F. Mantaring Municipal Agriculturist
Emmanuel Sigue MFARMC Chair
Bulalacao Raiza P. Gabay Municipal Fisheries Worker
Elowena M. Perez CRM Coordinator
Bansud Sarah Jane L. Valencia DA/GIP
Eunice M. Crusit DA/GIP
Puerto Galera Gracita G. Pelino Agricultural Technologist/

92 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 CRM Coordinator
Pelagio Quilaton Jr. MFARMC Chair
Gemma L. Domingo MFARMC Secretariat
Hector Ylagan Municipal Agriculturist
Maydele dela Pena MDRRMO Staff
Genoveva c. Lopez HRMO II/MENRO
Geraldine P. Dimaunahan Agricultural Technologist
Bongabong Darryl Ann Alano LDRRMO I
Malfe r. Mangaron Planning Assistant
Angelica A. Gili IO
Lyndon R. Dizon MFARMC
PG-ENRO Lily May E. Lim Chief, Natural Resources
Management Division
Marc Joseph L. Solis Community Development
Officer II
DILG Lorna A. Santos LGDO II
PGOrM-PPDO Lydia Muneca S. Melgar Department Head
Ma. Lena Lauren Abes Planning Officer II
Lennie B. Alberto Planning and Development
Officer IV
Maria Marsha de Castro Statistician II
PGOrM-PAgO Cherry Mae Dandal Aquacultural Technologist
Johnmer Avelino Administrative Staff
Marilyn Alcanices Chief, Fisheries and Coastal
Resource Management
Division
PDRRMO Ranzel Catibog Disaster Management
Operation Assistant
DENR-PENRO Bea Natasha R. Fortu Forester I

93 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 Participants to the Workshop on the ICAMP Updating on August 23-24, 2018
at the Parang Beach Resort, Calapan City

Left: Ms. Marilyn Alcanices, Chief of the Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management Division, Oriental Mindoro
Provincial Agriculture Office presented a background of the ICAMP. Right: ICAMP Updating Consultant Rhodora
Cheryl Montoya introducing the process for the updating of the ICAMP to the participants.

Left: Solomon Paulo Barroso, CRM Coordinator of the Municipality of Baco, presented their Cluster output before
the plenary. Right: Participants as they work on prepared worksheets during the workshops.

94 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 REFERENCES

Integrated Coastal Area Management Plan 2010 – 2015. Office of the Provincial
Agriculturist, The Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.

Oriental Mindoro Facts and Figures 2017 Edition. Provincial Planning and Development
Office, The Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.

Oriental Mindoro Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan 2016-2025.

Provincial Planning and Development Office, The Provincial Government of Oriental
Mindoro, Philippines.

State of the Coasts of Oriental Mindoro, 2016. The Provincial Government of Oriental
Mindoro, Philippines.

95 ICAMP 2019 – 2023

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Oriental Mindoro Integrated Coastal Area Management Plan 2019 – 2023 was revised
and updated through the initiative of the Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management
Division of the Provincial Agriculturist Office, the Malampaya Foundation Inc. and the
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). The endeavor
would not have been possible without the leadership and resources of the said offices and
the support and contribution of its personnel and that of different offices who participated in
the workshops including the offices of the PPDO, PDRRMO, PG-ENRO, DENR and DILG, and
the municipal and city Local Government Units Offices including the City ENRO, Municipal
ENROs, Municipal Agriculture Offices, MDRRMOs, MPDOs and FMOs.

The services of a Consultant, Rhodora Cheryl A. Montoya, for the Updating of the Oriental
Mindoro ICAMP to handle the consultation workshops, revision, updating of the data and
writing of the document were secured for the purpose.

Technical Review of the ICAMP 2019-2023 were conducted by Ms. Marilyn M. Alcanices of
the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Agriculture Office and Pacifico D. Beldia II of the Malampaya
Foundation Incorporated.

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96 ICAMP 2019 – 2023