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Ambos son autores del libro “Como mueren las democracias” en cuyo contenido se
analizan las nuevas amenazas a las que se enfrentan las democracias, ya no hablamos de
golpes militares, ni de asesinatos presidenciales, ahora el electoral autoritario llega a ser
autoridad por vía democrática. Donde los presidentes deciden atrincherarse a sí mismos
en el poder debilitando la oposición y haciendo difícil su revocatoria. (3:58-4:10)
DEMOCACY
of a new way of using social media to undermine democracy, of new ways of conceiving
of political parties as authoritarian political parties. And it's repeating itself all over the
world.
Poland had been stage of the division into the center-right. A one group is roughly the
same, but the other are becoming more authoritarian and more doubtful of the wester
liberal democracy. They don’t believe in is independent institutions, the independent
press, the independent judiciary.
The world illiberal, is us by describe political parties that are pushing back against the
institutions of liberal democracy. Courts, media, civil service, the balance of power, in
some cases the parliament.
Left and right words that aren`t useful for describing the actual situation anymore. It
carries on many repercussions about the people, reliable judicial system and politicized
civil servants.
Trump are trying to stablish political systems in which they can`t lose power because they
have pushed back against all the institutions that are designed to control power. They
are assaulting the independents institutions that exists to curtail the powers of the
president.
TOWARDS TOTALITARIANISM PART 1
There is a pattern not only in North America and not only in Europe but also in Asia of
assaults on democracy, “How democracies die” written by Steven Levitsky and Daniel
Ziblatt explains the rise of authoritarianism in today's democracies.
Today the democracies don`t die though military coups and other violent seizures of
power but by elected governments themselves. The political outsiders including Adolf
Hitler, Getúlio Vargas in Brasil, Albert Fujimori in Peru, and Hugo Chavez in Venezuela
came to power on the same path: via elections or alliances with powerful political figures.
The “March in Rome” led by Benito Mussolini instead of being convicted, it was
applauded by the prominent politicians Giovanni Giolitti and Antonio Salandra. Giovanni
Giolitti was too obsessed with the growing power of the Italian socialist party that he
decided to ally with the Mussolini fascists. He founded the National Blocs where the
liberals, the Italian Fasci of combat, and the Italian Nationalist Association could be
incorporated in the electoral lists. It gave legitimacy to the fascist for attempting to reach
power.
The second one is Adolf Hitler, who was chancellor designated by president Paul von
Hindenburg, which was influenced by Franz von Papen, he declared:
“We’ve engaged him for ourselves…. within two months, we will have pushed (him) so far
into a corner that he’ll squeal” January 30, 1933.
The last one is the history of Hugo Chavez, a junior military officer and failed coup leader
who had never held public office. His power was given by the prominent politician and
former president: Rafael Caldera. He had a political career threatened in 1992. The 67
years old senator still dreaming of returning to the presidency and Chavez’s emergence,
the second fail coup, provided him a lifeline, he declared:
"It is difficult to ask people to stand up for freedom and democracy when they think that
freedom and democracy cannot feed them and prevent the exorbitant rise in subsistence
costs, when they have not been able to put a definitive stop to the terrible morbidity of
corruption, which in the eyes of everyone is consuming the institutions every day. This
situation cannot be concealed, the military coup is reprehensible and condemnable in
any way, but it would be naive to think that it is only an adventure of a few ambitious
people who hurriedly launched themselves without realizing what they were getting
themselves into. There is an environment, there is a backdrop, there is a serious situation
in the country and if that situation is not faced, destiny reserves us with many very serious
concerns".
With this discourse, Caldera revived his political career and took advantage of the anti-
system stance of Hugo Chavez. Indeed, he gave him a new legitimacy of their actions. In
1993 Rafael caldera won the elections, and accommodated without knowing the same
way to Chavez.
When a candidate charismatic emerges from the political scene is essential from the
important parties isolate and defeat extremist forces
“Fateful alliance”
SEGUNDA DECISION:
¿Tiene nexos con grupos armados, paramilitares, guerrillas u otra organización que
comprometa el uso ilícito de la violencia?
¿Han ellos amenazado con tomar acciones legales u otras represalias contra críticos de
partidos opositores, la sociedad civil o la misma prensa?
Así que un exitoso gatekeeping requiere que los partidos mayoritarios aíslen y defiendan
la política de esas fuerzas extremistas.
Los fundadores del sistema presidencial en EEUU se encontraron con la disyuntiva entre
confían en la elección popular de un presidente mas no de un monarca y desconfiar de
una elección errónea por parte de las masas debido a la presencia de candidatos que
podrían hacerle daño a la democracia. Para Alexander Hamilton uno de los padres
fundadores de los EEUU, era necesario un sistema de filtración para esos peligrosos
candidatos, que luego se vio materializado en la creación de un colegio electora
contemplado luego en la constitución:
La elección inmediata debe ser hecho por los hombres más capacitados para analizar las
cualidades y adaptabilidad de los posibles candidatos al sistema democrático. Este
organismo sería el encargado de elegir al presidente.
Undoubtedly, Trump’s celebrity status played a role. But equally important was the changed
media landscape. He found new ways to use old media as a substitute for party
endorsements and traditional campaign spending. Trump attracted free mainstream
coverage by creating controversy.
And then before that gatekeepers of the republican party failed and left the building for Trump
nomination. They no longer held the keys to their party’s presidential nomination.
There is always uncertain over how a politician with no track record will behave in office, but
as we noted earlier, antidemocratic leaders are often identifiable before they come to power.
Trump, even before his inauguration tested positive on all four measures of the test:
1. Do they attempt to undermine the legitimacy of elections, for example, by
refusing to accept credible electoral results?
Yes, He tweed in October of the 2016 election that he would not accept the results of the
election if he were defeat.
2. Do they baselessly describe their partisan rivals as criminals, whose supposed
violation of the law (or potential to do so) disqualifies them from full
participation in the political arena?
Yes, for one, he had been a “birther”, challenging the legitimacy of Barack Obama’s
presidency by suggesting that he was born in Kenya and that he was a Muslim. And during
the campaign of 2016 he accused Hillary Clinton’s of criminal declaring repeatedly that she
“has to go to jail”.
3. Have they tacitly endorsed violence by their supporters by refusing to
unambiguously condemn it and punish it?
Have they praised (or refuse to condemn) other significant acts of political violence, either in
the past or elsewhere in the worlds?
Here are a few examples, compiled by Vox: (PUT THE EXAMPLES THIRD CHAPTER)
4. Have they supported laws or policies that restrict civil liberties, such as
expanded libel or defamation laws or laws restricting protest, criticism of the
government, or certain civic or political organizations?
Have they threatened to take legal or other punitive action against critics in
rival parties, civil society, or the media?
He said he planned to arrange for a special prosecution to investigate Hillary Clinton after
the election and declared that Clinton should be imprisoned.
He attacked Washington Post owner Jeff Bezos, declaring, “If I becoming president, oh, do
they have problems. They are going to have such problems.” Describing the media “among
the most dishonest groups of people I’ve ever met.”
DATOS IMPORTANTES:
https://lasillavacia.com/detector-uribe-esta-llamando-masacrar-minga-71047