I.

Fundamental or Basic Identities

A. Reciprocal Identities
1 1 1
csc θ = sec θ = cot θ =
sin θ cos θ tan θ
B. Quotient Identities
sin θ cos θ
tan θ = cot θ =
cos θ sin θ
C. Pythagorean Identities

sin2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1 tan2 θ + 1= sec 2 θ cot 2 θ + 1= csc 2 θ

II. Identities for Negatives

sin(−θ) = − sinθ cos(−θ) = cosθ tan(−θ) = −tanθ

III. Co - function Identities

0
sin(90 ± θ ) = cos θ sin(θ ± 90 0 ) = ± cos θ
cos(90 0 ± θ ) = ∓ sin θ cos(θ ± 90 0 ) = ∓ sin θ

IV. Sum and Difference Identities

tan α ± tanβ
sin(α ± β) = sin α cos β ± cos α sinβ tan(α ± B) =
1∓ tan α tanβ
cos(α ± β) = cos α cos β ∓ sin α sinβ

V. Double - Angle Identities

sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ
cos2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 1− 2 sin2 θ = 2cos2 θ −1
2tanθ
tan2θ =
1− tan2θ
1- cos2θ 1+ cos2θ
sin2θ = cos 2 θ =
2 2
VI. Half - Angle Identities

1 1− cos θ 1 1+ cos θ
sin θ = ± cos θ = ±
2 2 2 2

1 1− cos θ sin θ 1− cos θ

tan θ = ± = =
2 1+ cos θ 1+ cos θ sin θ

1
 Summary of Formula

Derivative of a Function by Formula / Rules for Differentiation

d
1. The Constant Rule (c) = 0
dx
d
2. The Identity Function Rule (x) = 1
dx
d du
3. The Constant & a Function Rule (cu) = c
dx dx
4. The Sum / Difference Rule d(u + v) = du + dv d(u − v) = du − dv
5. The Product Rule d(uv) = udv + vdu
⎛ u ⎞ vdu − udv
6. The Quotient Rule d⎜ ⎟ =
⎝v⎠ v2
7. The Power Rule / Formula d(un ) = nun−1du
dy dy du
8. Chain Rule = •
dx du dx
dy 1 dx
9. Inverse Function Rule = , where ≠0
dx dx dy
dy
dy
dy du dx
10. Parametric Function Rule = , where ≠0
dx dx du
du
2
dy 1 ⎡ d ⎛ dy ⎞⎤
11. Higher Parametric Function Rule = ⎜ ⎟
dx 2
dx ⎢⎣ du ⎝ dx ⎠⎥⎦
du

Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

d
1. (sin u) = cos u du 4.
d
(sec u) = sec u tan u du
dx dx dx dx
d
2. (cosu) = − sinu du 5.
d
(csc u) = − csc u cot u du
dx dx dx dx
d
3. (tan u) = sec 2 u du 6.
d
(cot u) = − csc 2 u du
dx dx dx dx

2
Derivative of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

d
1.
d
(arcsinu) = 1 2 du 4. (arc cot u) = − 1 2 du
dx 1− u dx dx 1+ u dx
d
2. (arccosu) = − 1 2 du 5.
d
(arc sec u) = 12 du
dx 1− u dx dx u u − 1 dx
d
3. (arctan u) = 1 2 du 6.
d
(arc csc u) = − 12 du
dx 1+ u dx dx u u − 1 dx

Derivative of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

d
1. (ln u) = 1 • du 3.
d u
( )
e = eu
du
dx u dx dx dx
d u du
2.
dx
( )
a = au ln a
dx

Derivative of Hyperbolic Functions

d
1. (sinh u) = coshu du 4.
d
(sec h u) = − sec hu tanh u du
dx dx dx dx
d du d
2. (coshu) = sinh u 5. (csc h u) = − csc hu coth u du
dx dx dx dx
d
3. (tanh u) = sec h2u du 6.
d
(coth u) = − csc h2u du
dx dx dx dx

Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

du du
d dx d dx
1.
dx
( −1
sinh u = ) 4.
dx
( −1
)
csc h u =
1+ u2 u 1+ u2
du du
d dx d dx where − 1 < u < 1
2. ( −1
cosh u = ) 5.
dx
( −1
tanh u =)
dx 2
u −1 1− u2
du du
d dx d dx where u > 1 or u < −1
3. (
sec h−1u =) 6.
dx
( )
coth −1 u =
dx u 1− u2 1− u2