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LTE Drive Test Parameters
Some important indicator LTE drive test parameters:
1. RSRP : Reference Signal Received Power.
2. RSRQ : Reference Signal Received Quality.
3. RSSI : Received Signal Strength Indicator.
4. SINR : Signal to Interference Noise Ratio.
5. CQI : Channel Quality Index.
6. PCI : Physical Cell Identity.
7. BLER: Block Error Ratio.
8. DL Throughput : Down Link Throughput.
9. UL Throughput : Up Link Throughput
This is the common key performance parameters for LTE drive test parameter we have to work out for LTE drive
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test task.
1. RSRP:
RSRP – The average power received from a single Reference signal, and Its typical range is around 44dbm
(good) to 140dbm(bad). Telecom Knowledge Share
5G – waveform candidates by ROHDE&SCHW
RSRP (dBm) = RSSI (dBm) – 10*log (12*N) Apr 4, 2016 5:43 PM
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2. RSRQ:
RSRQ – Indicates quality of the received signal, and its range is typically 19.5dB(bad) to 3dB (good).
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Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is defined as the ratio N×RSRP/(EUTRA carrier RSSI),
where N is the number of RB’s of the EUTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. LTE Advanced
The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be made over the same set of resource blocks.
LTE Technology
3. RSSI:
RSSI – Represents the entire received power including the wanted power from the serving cell as well as all co
channel power and other sources of noise and it is related to the above parameters through the following formula: POPULAR ARTICLES
RSRQ=N*(RSRP/RSSI)
LTE Drive Test Parameter
Some important indicator
Where N is the number of Resource Blocks of the EUTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth.
drive test parameters:
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is a parameter which provides information about total received wide RSRP : Reference Signal
band power (measure in all symbols) including all interference and thermal noise. RSSI is not reported to eNodeB Received Power.
by UE. It can simply be computed from RSRQ and RSRP that are, instead, reported by UE. Reference Signal Received Qual...
RSSI = wideband power = noise + serving cell power + interference power
So, without noise and interference, we have that 100% DL PRB activity: RSSI=12*N*RSRP Telecom Industrial News
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RSRP is the received power of 1 RE (3GPP definition) average of power levels received across all Reference Technologies RSS Feed
Signal symbols within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth Widget RSS Feed Widget
RSSI is measured over the entire bandwidth
N, number of RBs across the RSSI, is measured and depends on the BW Telecom News Android Ap
Telecom news provides
collection of latest
4. SINR: telecommunication and
SINR is the reference value used in the system simulation and can be defined: wireless technology
information, the latest news on
Wide band SINR telecommunications ind...
SINR for a specific subcarriers (or for a specific resource elements)
All measured over the same bandwidth! Job Vacancy
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RSSP vs RSRQ vs RSSI vs SINR 11 Useful Android Apps fo
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Below is a chart that shows what values are considered good and bad for the LTE signal strength values: Engineers
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http://telecomknowledge.blogspot.in/2016/09/ltedrivetestparameters.html 2/8
9/13/2016 Telecom knowledge and experience sharing: LTE Drive Test Parameters
Impact of serving cell power to RSRQ:
Example for noise limited case (no interference): If all resource elements are active and are transmitted with equal
power, then
RSRQ = N / 12N = 10.8 dB for 1Tx
RSRQ = N / 20N = 13 dB for 2Tx taking DTX into account
(because RSRP is measured over 1 resource element and RSSI per resource block is measured over 12 resource elements).
Remember that RSSI is only measured at those symbol times during which RS REs are transmitted – We do not
have to take into the count DTx!!!
So, when there is no traffic, and assuming only the reference symbols are transmitted (there are 2 of them within
the same symbol of a resource block) from a single Tx antenna then the RSSI is generated by only the 2 reference
symbols so the result becomes
RSRQ = N / 2N = 3 dB for 1Tx
RSRQ = 6dB for 2Tx
SNR vs. RSRP
RSRP is measured for a single subcarrier, noisepower for 15KHz= 125.2dBm
Noise figure = 7 dB
Temperature = 290 K
Assumption: RSRP doesn’t contain noise power
Power Calculation Example
Lets try to calculate RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ for one very simple case of one resource block with 12 sub carriers
and 0.5 ms in time domain. Let’s assume the power of reference symbols (shown by red square) and power of
other symbols carrying other data channels (shown by blue square) is same i.e. 0.021 watt Since RSRP is linear
average of downlink reference signal for given channel bandwidth therefore
RSRP = 10*log (0.021*1000) = 13.2 dBm
http://telecomknowledge.blogspot.in/2016/09/ltedrivetestparameters.html 3/8
9/13/2016 Telecom knowledge and experience sharing: LTE Drive Test Parameters
While RSSI is total received wideband power. Therefore we have to add power of all 12 carriers in the given
resource block
RSSI = 10*log(0.021*1000)+10*log(12) = 24 dBm
RSRQ is now simple ratio of RSRP to RSSI with N=1
RSRQ = 10*log(0.021/(12*0.021)) = 10.79 dB
Understanding dBm vs dB
dB is ratio between two power values while dBm is used to express an absolute value of power. So when we
mention RSRP and RSSI we shall always use dBm since we are talking about absolute power values but we need
to use dB with RSRQ since it is the ratio of RSRP to RSSI
5. CQI:
The Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) contains information sent from a UE to the eNodeB to indicate a suitable
downlink transmission data rate, i.e., a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) value. CQI is a 4bit integer and is
based on the observed signaltointerferenceplusnoise ratio (SINR) at the UE. The CQI estimation process takes
into account the UE capability such as the number of antennas and the type of receiver used for detection. This is
important since for the same SINR value the MCS level that can be supported by a UE depends on these various
UE capabilities, which needs to be taken into account in order for the eNodeB to select an optimum MCS level for
the transmission. The CQI reported values are used by the eNodeB for downlink scheduling and link adaptation,
which are important features of LTE.
In LTE, there are 15 different CQI values randing from 1 to 15 and mapping between CQI and modulcation scheme, transport
block size is defined as follows (36.213)
http://telecomknowledge.blogspot.in/2016/09/ltedrivetestparameters.html 4/8
9/13/2016 Telecom knowledge and experience sharing: LTE Drive Test Parameters
6. PCI:
Cell ID sets the physical (PHY) layer Cell ID. This PHYlayer Cell ID determines the Cell ID Group and Cell ID
Sector. There are 168 possible Cell ID groups and 3 possible Cell ID sectors; therefore, there are 3 * 168 = 504
possible PHYlayer cell IDs. When Cell ID is set to Auto, the demodulator will automatically detect the Cell ID. When
Cell ID is set to Manual, the PHYlayer Cell ID must be specified for successful demodulation.
The physical layer cell id can be calculated from the following formula:
PHYlayer Cell ID = 3*(Cell ID Group) + Cell ID Sector
When Sync Type is set to CRS, the Cell ID Auto selection will be disabled, and Cell ID must be specified manually.
This is because the demodulator needs to know the values of the CRS sequence to use for synchronization and
because Cell ID determines these values. See RSPRS for more information.
7. BLER:
3GPP TS 34.121, F.6.1.1 defines block error ratio (BLER) as follows: "A Block Error Ratio is defined as the ratio of
the number of erroneous blocks received to the total number of blocks sent. An erroneous block is defined as a
Transport Block, the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of which is wrong."
8/9. DL/UL Throughput:
assume a 2×5 MHz LTE system. We first calculate the number of resource elements (RE) in a subframe (a
subframe is 1 msec):
12 Subcarriers x 7 OFDMA Symbols x 25 Resource Blocks x 2 slots = 4,200 REs
Then we calculate the data rate assuming 64 QAM with no coding (64QAM is the highest modulation for downlink
LTE):
6 bits per 64QAM symbol x 4,200 Res / 1 msec = 25.2 Mbps
The MIMO data rate is then 2 x 25.2 = 50.4 Mbps. We now have to subtract the overhead related to control
signaling such as PDCCH and PBCH channels, reference & synchronization signals, and coding. These are
estimated as follows:
PDCCH channel can take 1 to 3 symbols out of 14 in a subframe. Assuming that on average it is 2.5
symbols, the amount of overhead due to PDCCH becomes 2.5/14 = 17.86 %.
Downlink RS signal uses 4 symbols in every third subcarrier resulting in 16/336 = 4.76% overhead for
2×2 MIMO configuration
The other channels (PSS, SSS, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH) added together amount to ~2.6% of overhead
The total approximate overhead for the 5 MHz channel is 17.86% + 4.76% + 2.6% = 25.22%.
The peak data rate is then 0.75 x 50.4 Mbps = 37.8 Mbps.
Note that the uplink would have lower throughput because the modulation scheme for most device classes is
16QAM in SISO mode only.
There is another technique to calculate the peak capacity which I include here as well for a 2×20 MHz LTE system
with 4×4 MIMO configuration and 64QAM code rate 1:
http://telecomknowledge.blogspot.in/2016/09/ltedrivetestparameters.html 5/8
9/13/2016 Telecom knowledge and experience sharing: LTE Drive Test Parameters
Downlink data rate:
Pilot overhead (4 Tx antennas) = 14.29%
Common channel overhead (adequate to serve 1 UE/subframe) = 10%
CP overhead = 6.66%
Guard band overhead = 10%
Downlink data rate = 4 x 6 bps/Hz x 20 MHz x (114.29%) x (110%) x (16.66%) x (110%) = 298 Mbps.
Uplink data rate:
1 Tx antenna (no MIMO), 64 QAM code rate 1 (Note that typical UEs can support only 16QAM)
Pilot overhead = 14.3%
Random access overhead = 0.625%
CP overhead = 6.66%
Guard band overhead = 10%
Uplink data rate = 1 * 6 bps/Hz x 20 MHz x (114.29%) x (10.625%) x (16.66%) x (110%) = 82 Mbps.
Alternative to these methods, one can refer to 3GPP document 36.213, Table 7.1.7.11, Table 7.1.7.2.11 and
Table 7.1.7.2.21 for more accurate calculations of capacity.
To conclude, the LTE capacity depends on the following:
Channel bandwidth
Network loading: number of subscribers in a cell which impacts the overhead
The configuration & capability of the system: whether it’s 2×2 MIMO, SISO, and the MCS scheme.
Throughput Troubleshooting
DL
http://telecomknowledge.blogspot.in/2016/09/ltedrivetestparameters.html 6/8
9/13/2016 Telecom knowledge and experience sharing: LTE Drive Test Parameters
UL
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