73

APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Qualifications of the chairman and members of the Thesis

Advisory Committee for the graduate and undergraduate levels.

Enumerated below are the qualifications of the chairman and members of the
Thesis Advisory Committee both for the graduate and undergraduate levels.

Undergraduate Level

Chairman (BS Degree):

1. Must at least be a holder of a master’s degree in the field of
specialization of the thesis student. When nobody qualifies,
however, a holder of BS degree would be taken as the next choice.
2. Has been a member of the advisory committee for undergraduate
level for at least five (5) times.
3. Has been a member of the faculty member of the college/
department for at least five (5) years.
4. Has shown diligence and expertise/competence on thesis work
while serving as member of the Advisory Committee of other
thesis students.
5. Has expressed willingness to serve as Chairman of the committee.

Members (BS Degree):

1. Must at least be a master’s degree holder of the major/minor field
of specialization of the thesis student. When nobody qualifies,
however, a holder of BS degree could be taken as the next choice.
2. Has been a member of the faculty member of the college/
department for the last five (5) years.
3. Has shown diligence and expertise/competence on thesis work
while serving as faculty of the college/department.
4. Has expressed willingness to serve as member of the committee.
 74

Graduate Level

Chairman (Masteral Degree):

1. Must be a doctoral degree holder of the field of specialization of
the thesis student. When nobody qualifies, however, a holder of
masteral degree could be taken as the next choice.
2. Has been a member of the advisory committee for masteral level
for at least five (5) times.
3. Has been a member of the faculty staff of the Graduate School for
at least five (5) years.
4. Have shown diligence and expertise/competence on thesis work
while serving as member of the Advisory Committee of other
thesis students.
5. Has expressed willingness to serve as Chairman of the committee.

Members (Masteral Degree):

1. Must be a doctoral degree holder of the field of specialization of
the thesis student. When nobody qualifies, however, a holder of
masteral degree could be taken as the next choice.
2. Has been a member of the advisory committee for undergraduate
courses for at least five (5) times.
3. Has been a member of the faculty staff of the Graduate School for
at least five (5) years.
4. Has shown diligence and expertise/competence on thesis work
while serving as member/chairman of the Advisory Committee of
undergraduate students.
5. Has expressed willingness to serve as member of the committee.

Chairman (Doctoral Degree):

1. Must be a doctoral degree holder of the field of specialization of
the thesis student. When nobody qualifies, however, a holder of
masteral degree could be the next choice, especially in highly
technical field where the University does not have qualified
faculty.
2. Has been a member of the advisory committee for masteral level
for at least five (5) times.
3. Has been a member of the faculty staff of the Graduate School for
at least five (5) years.
 75

4. Has shown diligence and expertise/competence on thesis work

while serving as chairman/member of the Advisory Committee of
other graduate students.
5. Has expressed willingness to serve as Chairman of the committee.

Members (Doctoral Degree):

1. Must be a doctoral degree holder of the major/minor field of

specialization of the thesis student. When nobody qualifies,
however, a holder of masteral degree could be taken as the next
choice.
2. Has been a chairman/member of the advisory committee in the
undergraduate courses for at least five (5) times.
3. Has been a member of the faculty staff of the Graduate School for
at least five (5) years.
4. Has shown diligence and expertise/competence on thesis work
while serving as chairman/member of the Advisory Committee of
other graduate students.
5. Has expressed willingness to serve as Chairman of the committee.

Note: For campuses, however, which do not have faculty members with the
above-indicated educational qualifications and experiences, the Campus
Administrators are advised to help in assigning the most component one to
perform these thesis advising work. The services of faculty members from other
campuses may be solicited on arrangements feasible among parties concerned.
This includes not only the services of good thesis advisers but also that of editors
and statisticians.
 76

Appendix 2. Forms to be Used for the undergraduate thesis.

Form 101. Nomination of Guidance/Advisory Committee

--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
__________________ Campus
__________________, Capiz

__________________ Department

NOMINATION OF A GUIDANCE/ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Name:________________________________ Degree Ought:________________________

Major:________________________________ Minor/Cognate/s:______________________

The Dean/Campus Administrator

___________________ Campus
This University

Sir/Madam:

I have the honor to nominate the following as members of my Guidance/Advisory

Committee.
________________________________ representing _________________________
Chairman/Adviser Major Field
________________________________ representing _________________________
Member Major Field
________________________________ representing _________________________
Member Minor Field

Note: The signatures of the faculty members chosen as indicated above signify their willingness
to serve as members of the committee.
Very truly yours,
____________________________
RECOMMENDING APPROVAL Thesis Student
_____________________________
Chairman, Student’s Department
APPROVED:
_____________________________
Chairman, Research Department __________________________________
Dean/Campus Administrator
 77

Form No. 102: Request for the Approval of a Thesis Title.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - -
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
__________________ Campus
__________________, Capiz

__________________ Department

REQUEST FOR APPROVAL OF THE THESIS TITLE

_________________
Date
The Dean/Campus Administrator
__________________ Campus
This University

Sir/Madame:

I have the honor to request approval of my thesis title indicated below:

PROPOSED TITLE:
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Very truly yours,

______________________
Thesis Student
NOTED BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTTEE:

__________________________ ___________________ ______________________

Member Chairman Member

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:
________________________________ __________________________________
Chairman Student’s Department Chairman, Research Department

APPROVED:

__________________________________
Dean/Campus Administrator
 78

Form No. 103: Approval Sheet

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
__________________ Campus
__________________, Capiz
__________________ Department

APPROVAL SHEET
-
Thesis Title: __________________________________________________________________
Thesis Student__________________________________________________________________
Course:_____________________________ Major ____________________________________

Advisory Committee:

_____________________________ _______________________
Chairman Date
_____________________________ _______________________
Member Date
_____________________________ _______________________
Member Date

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

__________________________________ _______________________
Chairman, Department of Research Date

__________________________________ _______________________
Chairman, Student’s Department Date

APPROVED:

_________________________________ _______________________
Dean/Campus Administrator Date

Research No. __________________

 79

Form No. 104: Acceptance Sheet

-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
_________________ Campus
_________________, Capiz
_________________ Department

ACCEPTANCE SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree _____________________

_______________, major in ______________this thesis entitled “__________________
__________________,” prepared and submitted by ___________________________, has been
evaluated and recommended for final oral examination.

______________________________
Thesis Adviser

Approved by the Advisory and Examining Committee with a grade of _____ on _________.

_______________________ ____________________
Member Member

___________________________
Chairman

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree __________________

major in __________________________.

______________________________
Dean/Campus Administrator
 80

Form No. 105: Request for an Oral Examination

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
__________________ Campus
__________________, Capiz
__________________ Department

REQUEST FOR ORAL EXAMINATION

___________________
Date
The Dean/Campus Administrator
______________________ Campus
This University

Sir/Madame:

I have the honor to apply for an oral examination with details indicated below:

THESIS TITLE:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Venue:___________________ Date:_________________________
Time:________________________
Indicate as to:
First:______ Second:______ Examination
Very truly yours,

________________________
Thesis Student
NOTED BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTTEE:
__________________________ _______________________ ________________________
Member Chairman Member

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

________________________________ ___________________________
Chairman Student’s Department Chairman, research Department

APPROVED:
____________________________
Dean/Campus Administrator
 81

Form No. 106. Grading Sheet for the Oral Examination

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
__________________ Campus
__________________, Capiz
__________________ Department

GRADING SHEET FOR THESIS PRESENTATION

AND ORAL EXAMINATION

Student’s Name:________________________________ Sex_____________________________

Thesis Title: ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Course:_________________________________ Major: _______________________________

Criteria
Student’s Score
1. Personality (20%)
a. Appearance (Neat, well-groomed) 10 ______
b. Decorum( Self-reliance, propriety of
Speech and behavior, politeness) 10 ______
2. Thesis Presentation (80%)
a. Mastery 20 ______
b. Organization, clarity and simplicity (ability to
communicate, choice of words and effective of aids) 20 ______
c. Apparent knowledge of thesis work relevance and
clarity of review of previous works, adequacy and
clearness to answer questions) 40 ______
Total 100 ______
Grade Equivalent:_______________
Rated by:______________________
Designation: ___________________
Date:_________________________
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grade Equivalent

99 to 100 – 1.0 81 to 83 - 2.5

96 to 98 - 1.25 78 to 80 - 2.75
93 to 95 - 1.50 75 to 77 - 3.0
90 to 92 - 1.75 70 to 74 - 4.0 (repeat thesis presentation)
87 to 89 - 2.0 below 70 – repeat field performance
84 to 86 - 2.25
 82

Appendix 3. Forms for the Graduate Level Courses (Graduate School)

Form No. 201. Nomination for a Guidance/Advisory Committee

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - -
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
____________ Campus
____________, Capiz

GRADUATE SCHOOL

NOMINATION OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Name:__________________________________ Degree Sought:_________________________

Major:__________________________________Cognate/s:_____________________________

The Dean
Graduate School
_____________ Campus
This University

Sir/Madame:

I have the honor to nominate the following as members of my Guidance/Advisory

Committee:
________________________________ representing _________________________
Chairman/Adviser Major Field
________________________________ representing _________________________
Member Major Field
________________________________ representing _________________________
Member Minor Field
________________________________ representing __________________________
Member Minor Field
Note: The signatures of the faculty members chosen as indicated above signify their willingness
to serve as members of the committee.
Very truly yours,
_________________________
Thesis Student
RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:
________________________
Research Coordinator
________________________
Program Chairman

APPROVED:
__________________________
Dean
 83

Form No. 202. Request for Approval of the Thesis/Dissertation Title

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
_______________ Campus
_________________, Capiz

GRADUATE SCHOOL

REQUEST FOR APPROVAL OF THESIS TITLE

The Dean
Graduate school
______________ Campus
This University

Sir/Madame:

I have the honor to request for the approval of my thesis/dissertation title indicated
below.

PROPOSED THESIS TITLE:

______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Very truly yours,

______________________________
Thesis Student

NOTED BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

_________________________ _________________________ ______________________

Member Member Member
______________________________
Chairman

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

___________________________ ____________________________
Program Chairman Research Coordinator

APPROVED: ______________________________
Dean
 84

Form 203. Approval Sheet of a thesis/dissertation.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Republic of the Philippines

Capiz State University
___________ Campus
___________, Capiz

GRADUATE SCHOOL

APPROVAL SHEET

Thesis/Dissertation Title : ________________________________________________________

Graduate Student: _______________________________________________________________
Course:_______________________________________________________________________
Major:________________________________________________________________________

Advisory Committee:

___________________________ ___________________
Thesis Adviser Date

___________________________ ___________________
Member, Thesis Committee Date

___________________________ ___________________
Member, Thesis Committee Date

Recommending Approval:

___________________________ __________________
Research Coordinator Date

__________________________ __________________
Program Chairman Date

APPROVED:

__________________________ __________________
Dean Date

Research No._________________
 85

Form 204. Acceptance Sheet of a thesis/dissertation.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
_________________ Campus
__________________, Capiz

GRADUATE SCHOOL

ACCEPTANCE SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree _____________________

___________, major in ______________this thesis entitled “______________________
_______,” prepared and submitted by _____________________, has been evaluated and
recommended for final oral examination.

__________________________
Thesis Adviser

Approved by the Advisory/ Examining Committees with a grade of _____ on ________.

_______________________ ____________________
Member Member

___________________________
Chairman

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

_______________________________ major in __________________________.

___________________________
Dean
 86

Form 205. Request for an Oral Examination

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
________________ Campus
__________________, Capiz

GRADUATE SCHOOL

REQUEST FOR ORAL EXAMINATION

_______________
Date
The Dean
Graduate School
__________________ Campus
This University

Sir/Madame:

I have the honor to apply for an oral examination with details indicated below:

THESIS TITLE:
______________________________________________________________________________
Venue:_________________________________________ Date:_________________________
Time:________________________
Indicate as to:
First:______ Second:______ Examination
Very truly yours,

________________________
Thesis Student
NOTED BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTTEE:
________________________ _______________________ _________________________
Member Member Member
_____________________________
Chairman
RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:
_____________________________ ______________________________
Research Coordinator Program Chairman

APPROVED:
____________________________
Dean
 87

Form 206. Grading Sheet for an Oral Examination

- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
_________________ Campus
__________________, Capiz

GRADUATE SCHOOL

GRADING SHEET FOR THESIS PRESENTATION

AND ORAL EXAMINATIONG

Student’s name”:______________________________ Sex:______________________________

Thesis Title ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Course: __________________________ Major:______________________________________

Criteria
Student’s Score
1. Personality (20%)
a. Appearance (Neat, well-groomed) 10 ______
b. Decorum( Self-reliance, propriety of
Speech and behavior, politeness) 10 ______
2. Thesis Presentation (80%)
a. Mastery 20 ______
b. Organization, clarity and simplicity (ability to
communicate, choice of words and effective of aids) 20 ______
c. Apparent knowledge of thesis work relevance and
clarity of review of previous works, adequacy and
clearness to answer questions) 40 _______
Total 100 ______
Grade Equivalent: _______________
Rated by _____:_________________
Designation: ____________________
Date:__________________________
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Grade Equivalent

99 to 100 – 1.0 81 to 83 - 2.5

96 to 98 - 1.25 78 to 80 - 2.75
93 to 95 - 1.50 75 to 77 - 3.0
90 to 92 - 1.75 70 to 74 - 4.0 (repeat thesis presentation)
87 to 89 - 2.0 below 70 – repeat field performance
84 to 86 - 2.25
 88

Appendix 4. Examples on the placement of major headings, sections, and

subsections of a thesis.

Example 1. Placement of headings, sections and sub-sections in the thesis manuscript

in natural science/technical field with four-level sectioning.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER III
( 2 SS )

MATERIALS AND METHODS

( 2 SS )

Materials
( 3 SS )

The materials used in the experiment included organic fertilizers from various sources,
such as rice straw, corn stubbles, azolla, and farm manures . . .
(3 SS)

Methods
( 3 SS )
Experimental Procedures
( 2 SS )
Experimental treatments. The study used five kinds of organic fertilizers as treatments.
These were cattle, hog, chicken, horse and goat manures. The materials …
( 2 SS )
Experimental design. The study used Randomized Complete Block Design. The field
was first thoroughly prepared. These . . . .
( 3 SS )
Cultural Practices
( 2 SS )
Production of transplants. The seed were sown in seed boxes at the rate of . . .
( 2 SS )
Preparing the field. The experimental area was produced a month before . . .
( 2 SS )
Note: Spacing required is enclosed in parenthesis; SS = single space
Main Heading - - - - - - - CHAPTER III – MATERIALS AND METHODS
Major Subsection - - - - Materials, Methods
Minor Subsection - - - - -Experimental Procedures, Cultural Practices
Paragraph Heading - - -Experimental treatments, Expanded design, etc.
Single space is used in this example instead of double space to save space.
 89

Example 2. Placement of headings, sections and sub-sections in the thesis

manuscript with three-level sectioning.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER II
( 2 SS )

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

( 2 SS )

Population and Food Production Trends

( 3 SS )
World Trends

In the World Review Magazine, Fisher (2004), he reported that the world population has
now reached a staggering number of six billion with China as the leading country with more
than one billion people. If the trends continue, he predicted that in the year 2020 . . .

Philippine Population: Past and Present

One of the fastest growing populations in Asia Pacific and the world is that of the
Philippines (Aquino, 2003). He noted that for the past three decades the rate at which the
population grows in the country has not significantly lowered despite . . .

Note: Spacing required is enclosed in parenthesis; SS = single space

Main Heading - - - - - - - - CHAPTER I – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Major Subsections - - - - - Population and Food Production Trends
Minor Subsections - - - - - World Trends, Philippine Trends
Paragraph Heading - - - - - None
Single space is used in this example instead of double space to save space.
 90

Example 3. Placement of headings, sections and sub-sections in the thesis manuscript

in social science using four-level and three-level sectioning.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER IV
( 2 SS )

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

(2 SS )

Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents

( 3 SS )
Sex

Rural area. Majority of the respondents surveyed in the rural area are females (65%)
compared to males (Table 1) . . .

Urban area. In contrast to the results obtained in the rural area, the data in Table 1shows
that the majority of the respondents in urban area are males (73% . . . .

Educational Attainment

Rural area. The level of education attained by the respondents in rural area is
generally on the secondary level. As indicated in Table 2 . . . .

(3 SS)
Farming Characteristics of the Respondents
( 3 SS )
Rural Area
( 2 SS )
Majority of the respondents (81%) in the rural area are farmers with farming as their
major source of livelihood (Table 2). They have . . .
( 2 SS )
Urban Area
Most of the respondents in the urban area claimed that their major source of livelihood is
small business with only 25% of them were farmers. They. . .
Note: Spacing required is enclosed in parenthesis; SS = single space
Four-level Sectioning (first part of the example):
Main Heading - - - - - - -CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Major Subsection - - -Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
Minor Subsection - - - Sex
Paragraph Heading - - - - - Rural area, Urban area
Single space is used in this example instead of double space to save space.
 91

Three-level Sectioning (later part of the example)

Main Heading - - - - - CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Major Subsection - - Farming Characteristics of the Respondents
Minor Subsection - - - Rural Area, Urban Area
Paragraph Heading - - None
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 4. Placement of headings, sections and sub-sections in the thesis manuscript
in natural science/technical fields with five-level sectioning.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER III
( 2 SS )
MATERIALS AND METHODS
( 2 SS )
Materials
( 3 SS )

The materials used in the experiment included organic fertilizers from various sources,
(3 SS)

Methods

( 3 SS )
Experimental Procedures
( 2 SS )
Experimental treatments. The various experimental treatments will be done both in
the laboratory and under field conditions. The procedures are described as follows:

a. Laboratory experiment – The laboratory experiment will be done in the Tissue

Culture Laboratory of the University consisting of fives treatments and three
replication.
This will be . . .
b. Field experiment – The field experiment will be carried out using similar
treatments as indicated in the laboratory experiment. One major difference,
however, is that . . .
( 2 SS )
a. Experimental design. The study used Randomized Complete Block Design.
The field was first thoroughly prepared. These . . . .
( 3 SS )
 92

Cultural Practices
( 2 SS )
Production of transplants. The seed were sown in seed boxes at the rate of . . . . .
( 2 SS )
Preparing the field. The experimental area was prepared a month before . . .

Note: Spacing required is enclosed in parenthesis; SS = single space

Main Heading - - - - - - - - - CHAPTER III – MATERIALS AND METHODS
Major Subsection - - - - - Materials, Methods
Minor Subsection - - - - - Experimental Procedures, Cultural Practices Paragraph
Heading - - - - - Experimental treatments, Experimental design, etc. Fifth
subsection - - - - - - - Laboratory experiment, Field experiment
Single space is used in this example instead of double space to save space.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix 5. Sample format in the construction of tables of a thesis.

Table 1. Total weight of dried crop residues of rice (t/ha) as affected by different rates of
nitrogen fertilizer.

BLOCK
TREATMENT 1 2 3 TOTAL MEAN
A – 0 kg N/ha(Control)
B – 50 kg N/ha
C – 100 kg N/ha
D – 150 kg N/ha
BLOCK TOTAL

LSD Value: 5% level = 2.33

1% level = 3.41
Note: Treatment designations used in the experiment, e. g. A, B, etc. , may be omitted, if unnecessary. The
The researcher may also place treatment denominations, e. g. kg N/ha, right below the heading Treatment.
 93

Table 1. Distribution of respondents according to socio-demographic characteristics

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

CHARACTERISTICS
1. Sex
Male
Female
2. Religion
Roman Catholic
Non-Roman Catholic
3. Etc.

---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix 6. Sample format in the construction of figures of a thesis.

5
Grain Yield (t/ha)

0
0 30 60 90 120 150

Nitrogen application (kg/ha)

Figure 3. Grain yield of PSBRc 72H (Hybrid) as influenced by rates of nitrogen fertilizer
application.
 94

40%
Percentage of the Respondents

35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
below 3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15 over 15
Monthly Income (in thousand pesos)

Figure 5. Monthly income of farmer respondents involved in the study

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix 7. Sample format in the construction of the Analysis of Variance table.

Table 8. Analysis of Variance on yield data in Table 6.

F-VALUE
SV DF SS MS Expt”l Tabular
5% 1%
ns
Block 2 15.22 7.16 2.439 4.46 8.65
*
Treatment 4 65.00 16.25 5.208 3.84 7.01
Expt”l Error 8 24.96 3.12
TOTAL 14 105.18

Ns - not significant; *Significant at 5% level CV = 17.01%

Note: SV - Sources of Variation
DF - Degrees of Freedom
SS - Sum of Square
MS - Mean Square
 95

Appendix 8. Examples of formats of the preliminaries of a thesis for both the social
and the natural sciences.

Example 1. Sample format/content for the Cover Page of a thesis.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF HIGH YIELDING

SWEET POTATO VARIETIES AS IMNFLUENCED BY
DIFFERENT METHODS OF PLANTING

FRANCISCO Y. MAQUILING

MARCH 2005
 96

Example 2. Sample format for the Rib Title of a thesis for the graduate and
undergraduate levels.

THESIS B. S. IN AGRICULTURE LIM 2005

THESIS MASTER OF SCIENCE LIM 2005

DISSERTATION DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY LIM 2005

 97

Example 3. Sample format for the Title Page of a thesis.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF HIGH YIELDING

SWEET POTATO VARIETIES AS INFLUENCED BY
DIFFERENT METHODS OF PLANTING

FRANCISCO Y. MAQUILING

Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Agriculture,

Mambusao Burias Campus, Capiz State University in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

Major: Agronomy

March 2005
 98

Example 4. Sample format for the Biographical Sketch of a thesis for a single and multiple
authors.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
(For Single Author)

Yehlen Joy Quisto y Villarreal was born in Brgy Calaagus, Mambusao, Capiz on June
16, 1980. She is the eldest child of Mr. and Mrs. Nicanor Quisto with two sisters and two
brothers. She finished her elementary education at Cuyo Central School in 1993 and her
secondary education at Palawan National High School where she graduated in 1997. With her
desire to have a degree, she enrolled at the Palawan State University, Puerto Princisa, Palawan
but she did not like the course so she decided to stop. In the year 2000, she enrolled at the Panay
State Polytechnic College, Mambusao, Capiz taking up Bachelor of Science in Agriculture with
Crop Science as her major field of specialization. During her …

Source: Quisto, Yehlen Joy. 2004. Growth and Yield Performance of Hybrid Rice As Influenced
by Different Methods of Planting Under Rainfed Conditions, (Unpublished thesis, CapSU, Mambusao,
Capiz).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
(For Multiple Authors)

Jeoffry Magbanua Espiritu is the son of Mr. Roberto Espiritu and Mrs. Pilar Magbanua
Espiritu of Malonoy, Dao, Capiz. He finished his elementary education at Malonoy Elementary
School with honors in 1995, and his secondary education at Malonoy National High School also
with honors in 1999. Because of his strong desire to have a degree, he enrolled his tertiary
education at PSPC, Mambusao, Capiz taking up Bachelor of Secondary Education major in
PEHM. During his high school and …

Andro Laure was born on February 11, 1982 in Brgy Bangon-bangon, Sigma, Capiz. He
is the eldest child of Mr. Roberto Laure and Mrs. Liza Laure. He obtained his elementary
education at Sigma Elementary School where he graduated in 1995. For his secondary education,
he enrolled at the former Sigma College of Science and Technology and graduated in 1999.
Being …

Richard Farillon Llanera was born on April 19, 1981. He is the son of Mr. Gerardo
Llanera and Mrs. Nancy F. Llanera who are residents of Camburanan, Tapaz, Capiz. He took
his elementary education from Jagnaya Elementary School where he graduated with honors in
1994. He enrolled his high school at …

Source: Espiritu, Jeoffry, et. al. 2003. Knowledge and Skills in Coaching Team Sports among
PEHM Majors, (Unpublished BS Thesis, PSPC, Mambusao, Capiz).

NOTE: The Biographical Sketch Section is to be signed by the author/s.

 99

Example 5. Sample format for the Acknowledgement of a thesis.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researcher would like to express his heartfelt thanks and gratitude to the following
persons who in one way or another have unselfishly shared their knowledge and expertise in the
completion of this study:

Dr. Juan dela Cruz, Thesis Adviser, for his fatherly advice, valued guidance, corrections,
suggestions, understanding, encouragement, challenges and patience to the author, and for
providing experimental materials and improving the manuscript;

Prof. Jose de Pedro and Prof. Manuel L. Gallido, both members of the Advisory
Committee, for their valued suggestions, comments, guidance and encouragements;

Dr. Maria Jorda, Dean of the College of Agriculture and Forestry, for her valued
guidance, challenges, and for being accommodating and helpful to the author…

And more ...

R. M. N.

Example 6. Sample format for the Table of Contents of a thesis.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 1

Importance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Objectives of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
More … 4

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. . . . . . . 5

Methods of Planting Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Production of Hybrid Rice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
More …
 100

III MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Experimental Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Cultural Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
More … 14

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Growth Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Plant Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Fresh Straw Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Yield Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20
Panicle Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Grain Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

LITERATURE CITED

APPENDICES
 101

Example 7. Sample format for the List of Tables of a thesis.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE T ITLE PAGE

1.0 Height of hybrid rice as affected by

methods of planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.1 Analysis of variance of height data in

Table 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.0 Number of productive tillers of hybrid rice

as affected by methods of planting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.1 Analysis of variance of number of tiller number

data in Table 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.0 Fresh straw weight of hybrid rice as affected

by methods of planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.1 Analysis of variance of straw weight data in

Table 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.0 Length of panicles of hybrid rice as affected

by methods of planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.1 Analysis of variance of panicle length data in

Table 4.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

5.0 1000-seed weight of hybrid rice as affected

by methods of planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5.1 Analysis of variance of 1000-seed weight

data in Table 5.0 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6.0 Grain yield of hybrid rice as affected by

methods of planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6.1 Analysis of variance of grain yield data in

Table 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
 102

Example 8. Sample format for the List of Figures of a thesis.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1.0 The field lay-out of the study with

treatments arranged in Randomized Complete
Block Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2..0 Sketch of the experimental area . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example 9. Sample format for the Literature Cited of a thesis.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LITERATURE CITED

ANON. 2002. MARID Agribusiness Digest, PhilRice, Munoz, Nueva Ecija

(Leaflet).

ESCAP. 1998. Testing, Evaluation and Modification of Rice Transplanters, Technical Series No.
13, Regional Network for Agricultural machinery, c/o UNDP, P. O Box. 7285 ADC,
Pasay City, Philippines.

PADOLINA, C. L. and F. E. NICHOLS. 1972. Methods of Seeding and Transplanting

of Rice, A Seminar Paper, IRRI, Los Baños, Laguna.

R. I. C. E. (Undated). Rice Production Manual, Compiled by R. I. C. E., UPLB in

Cooperation with IRRI, Los Baños, Laguna.

VIRMANI, S. S., C. X. MAO, R. S. TOLEDO, M. HOSSAIN and A. JANAIAH. A.

2002. Hybrid Rice Production Technology and its Impact on Seed Industries and
Rural Development Opportunities in Asia. IRRI, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila,
Philippines.
 103

Example 10. Sample format for the Appendices of a Thesis.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDICES
APPENDIX NO. PAGE
1 The vicinity map of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Statistical procedures used in the analysis of data.. 19
3 Summarized statistical results of the study ........... 51
etc.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example 11. Sample format for a one-page Abstract of a thesis in natural and biological
sciences.
Yehlen Joy V. Quisto, Panay State Polytechnic College. March 2004. Growth and
Yield Performance of Hybrid Rice as Influenced by Different Methods of Planting Under
Rainfed Conditions.

Thesis Adviser: Dr. Geronino L. Gregorio

The study was conducted at the Panay State Polytechnic College, Mambusao, Capiz
from September to December 2003 to find out the effect of different methods of planting hybrid
rice under rainfed conditions using RCBD in three replications as follows: straight line (one
direction), straight line (two directions), transplanting at random, direct seeding at random, and
direct seeding (straight line, one direction). Five methods of planting rice were studied using
RCBD in three replications. Growth and yield data were gathered and analyzed using F-test at
5% and 1% levels of significance and DMRT to identify mean differences.

The growth parameters in terms of plant height, number of productive tillers and fresh
weight of residues, and yield parameters in terms of panicle length and grain yield (except 1000-
seed weight) were significantly affected by the different methods of planting hybrid rice under
rainfed conditions. Taller plants were observed from plots planted by transplanting in straight
lines in both one and two directions; more number of tillers were observed in all the transplanted
treatments compared to directly seeded treatments, however, heavier weight of fresh straw was
noted from the directly seeded than in the transplanted treatments. More yield were obtained
from transplanted plots whether at random or in straight lines compared to those planted by
direct seeding. The yields of transplanted treatments were comparable to each other with means
ranging from 3,765.08 t/ha to 4,274.04 t/ha.

Source: As indicated.
 104

Example 12. Sample format for a one-page abstract of a thesis in the social sciences.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ABSTRACT

Jeoffry Espiritu, Florites Odrunia, Richard Llanera, Jodeth Herrera, Rheazel Llanto and
Andro Laure. Panay State Polytechnic College, Mambusao, Capiz. 2003. Knowledge and Skills
in Coaching Team Sports among PHEM Majors at the Panay State Polytechnic College.

Thesis Adviser: Dr. Evelyn L. Gregorio

The study was conducted at the College of Education of the Panay State Polytechnics
College, Mambusao, Capiz during the first semester of the SY 2002-2003 involving the third and
fourth year students taking BEEd and BSEd major PEHM during the first semester of the SY
2002-2003. The study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge of the PEHM majors
in coaching team sports, determine the extent of skills of the PEHM majors in coaching team
sports, determine if a significance difference exists in the level of knowledge in coaching team
sports between the male and female PEHM majors, determine if a significant difference exist in
the extent of skills in coaching team sports between male and female PEHM majors, and
determine the relationship between knowledge and skills in coaching team sports. The study used
a questionnaire as instrument in the collection of desired data and information. For level of
knowledge, a knowledge test on selected topics about sports was administered to the
respondents. Skills in coaching team sports were indicated by grades in Basic Sport Skills. The
data were summarized using frequency distribution. t-test was used to compare the knowledge
and skills of the respondents when grouped according to gender while Pearson’s Correlation
Coefficient was used to determine the relationship between knowledge and skills interpreted at
5% level of significance.
Majority of the respondents (65.64%) had a “fair” knowledge in coaching the game;
29.55 percent had “good,” while only 4.54 percent had “very good’ knowledge in coaching team
sports. Majority of the respondents were “most skillful” (65.91%) while 29.54 percent were
“more skilful” and only 4.55 percent were “moderately skilful.” As to gender, there were more
males (73.68%) than females (56.0%) who had “fair” knowledge of coaching team games while
there more females (32.0%) than males (26.32%) who had “good” knowledge in coaching these
games. Moreover, while there were females who had “very good” knowledge on this aspect,
there was none from males. The t test, however, revealed no significant difference between
males and females on their mean scores on the knowledge of coaching team sports. More of the
“most skillful” in coaching team sports were females (68.0%) than males (63.16%) while more
of the “more skillful” were males (31.58%) than females (28.0%); the difference of their mean
grade (0.05), however, was not statistically significant. There was a negative and low correlation
between knowledge and skills in coaching team sports (r = -0.37).
Source: As indicated.
 105

Appendix 9. Format of theses for the social sciences. Note: For purposes of saving
space, correct spacing as specified is not all observed in the examples
below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

(Introduction Proper)

As claimed by sociologists and educators alike, education has always played a major role
in search for better opportunities in life (Brown, 2003). The magnitude upon which education
influence the quality of once life cannot be . . . .

Statement of the Problem

There are many questions, researchers would like to answer relative to the role education
plays in the enhancement of human life. As always . . . The study will be pursued to answer
the following questions:

1. What are socio-demographic characteristics of . . . . .?

2. Etc.

Objectives of the Study

Generally, the study will be conducted to find out the socio-demographic characteristics
of the rural household in … Specifically, it aims to:

1. Characterize the respondents in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics …

2. Determine the …
3. Etc.
Significance of the Study

The results of the study are important not only to the respondents themselves but also to
government agencies and personnel who are …

Scope and Limitations of the Study

Since the study is covering a regional population of corn farmers in Western Visayas, the
sample municipalities will be …
 106

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

(Presentation of related information)

Conceptual Framework/Model

(Based on the preceding literatures, this section specifies the meaning

of the concepts and variables under study)

Hypotheses

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Place and Subjects of the Study

Place of the Study

The study will cover the whole Region 6 covering such provinces as . . .

Subjects or Respondents

Professional Group. The professional group of respondents involved in the study…

Non-professional group. The non-professional group of respondents are farmers .and

fisherfolks …
 107

Sampling Design

The study will draw its sample from …

Operational Definitions of Variables/Terms

The data to be collected in this study will include the socio-demographic profile of the
respondents, their perception on the profitability of corn farming and … How the important
variables will be determined and analyzed are operationally defined as follows:

The Research Instrument

Two sets of research instrument (Interview Schedule) will be prepared. One…

Statistical Analysis of Data

Statistical Tools

For descriptive purposes, measures such as frequencies, means and standard deviation
will be…

Note: The above contents and arrangement and the sequence of major and minor subsections
and paragraph headings are just examples. The thesis student with his Advisory Committee has
the flexibility to have their own content/sequence provided that the rules on sub-sectioning of
topics earlier established are not violated.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Noted: The results must be arranged in a logical sequence under this section with
headings and Sub-sections placed following the rules as earlier indicated.
 108

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study was conducted in the five provinces of Region VI covering 20 municipalities
with a total sample size of 350. The…

Conclusion and Implications

Based on the results obtained from this study, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The respondents of the study were mostly males, middle age, Roman …
2. Majority of the respondents were …
3. More…

Note: Implications should be included in the chapter title,

if it is to be included in the contents.

Recommendations

In consideration of the relevant findings gathered from this study, the following
recommendations are forwarded:

1. Conduct intensive skills training to corn farmers to update their …

2. Organize a training staff that would …
3. More…

Note: Implications should be included in the chapter title,

if it is to be included in the contents.
 109

Appendix 10. Format of thesis for the natural and biological sciences. Note: For
purposes of economizing space, correct spacing as specified is not all
observed in the following examples.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Importance of the Study

The corn industry of the country is playing a major role in the agricultural development
of the country. It earns annual revue for the economy by as much as …

Objectives of the Study

Generally, the study will be conducted to determine the growth and yield response of
corn to enhanced strategies in the application of fertilizers. Specifically, it aims to:

1. Determine the growth and yield performance of corn varieties …

2. Find out the response of corn to …
3. More…
Time and Place of the Study

The study will be conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Capiz State University from
…
Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study will be delimited to the growth and yield performance of corn varieties applied
with …
Definition of Terms
The more important terms to be used in this study are operationally defined as follows:
Growth refers to the increase in size and weight of the corn plants. In tis study is
measured in terms of …
Height is the …
 110

CHAPTER 11

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

(Example of an organized review of literature of a particular study in the natural science
research is presented below.)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CHAPTER 11
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Seed quality plays an increasing important role in modern Agriculture (Sulivan, et. al.,
1970). Seeds of high quality and purity are basically important materials to attain optimum crop
yield. Seed production component should therefore indefensibly complement any agricultural
production system. According to Font (1977), in any form of crop production emphasis must be
given to seed quality. Much of the success in increasing food production has been achieved
through the development of seed enterprise, and much yet remains to be done (Agrawal, 1980).
In vegetable production, it was reported that success in this industry is very dependent upon the
supply of good quality seeds (George, 1985).
Seed research plays an important role in the development of efficient technology for seed
production. Hill 1987) noted that there seems little doubt that seed production research needs to
be basic. This…

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER 111
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
The materials, tools and equipment to be used in the study will include rice varieties,
farm equipment such …
Methods

Experimental Methods
Experimental treatments. The study will consider five latest PSB rice varieties as
experimental treatments. These treatments will be …
Experimental design and lay-out. The study will use Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD with four replications. The lay-out of the study is shown in …
 111

Cultural/Management Practices
Land preparation. The experimental site will be prepared using a hand tractor after
clearing the area from weeds. This operation…..
Preparation of planting materials. The experimental materials will be secured from the
nearest seed grower in the area. This will …

Collection of Data
Growth. The growth of the experimental plants will be determined using the following
parameters: height, number of productive tillers, biomass weight…

Yield. The yield components of the study will include number of panicles, number of
grains per panicle, 1000-seed weight ….

Statistical Tools and Analyses

The data collected from the study will be subjected to the Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) after they are consolidated. The procedures…

Note: A modification of the above- stated contents and sequence may be done when necessary or
when the above presentation is not appropriate to the problem under study.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER 1V
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Growth
Height

At flowering stage. The height of the experimental plants at flowering stage

significantly differed with treatments as shown in Table 2. The results further show that when the
treatment of application was . . .
At maturity. As sown in Table 4, the growth of the experimental plants did not
significantly vary at maturity wit means ranging from 56.21 cm to…
 112

Number of Nodes

Weekly observation. There is apparent variation in the number of nodes of the plant
weeks before the reproductive stage (Table 5). Those applied with….
Nodes at maturity. Similar to the observations made on a weekly basis, the number of
nodes of the plants differed significantly at maturity. Those plots applied ...
etc.

Yield Components
Number of Pods

Monthly observation. During the first week of the experiment, none of the experimental
plants developed pods. However, in the later part of the second month, the plants in all replicates
were found to have …

Pods at maturity. The number of pods of the plant at maturity significantly differed
among the experimental treatments. Those that were applied with the highest rate of the …

Grain Yield

1000-seed weight. As shown in Table 7, the 1000-seed weight obtained from the various
experimental plots was not significantly affected by the treatments applied. Although the plots
applied with ….

Grain yield. The grain yield obtained from the study apparently varies with treatments as
shown in Table 8. These results …
etc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 113

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study was conducted at the experimental farm of the Capiz State University,
Mambusao Burias Campus from June to December 2005 with the objectives of finding out the
effect of …

Conclusions

Based on the results obtained from the study, the following conclusions and
generalizations are drawn:
1. The growth of the experimental plants was significantly affected by the application of
various…
2. Some of the growth parameters of the experimental plants like number of roots,
number of stems were not affected …
3. More…

Recommendations

In consideration of the findings observed in this study, the following recommendations

are forwarded:

1. Fertilize soybean plants with organic fertilizer in combination with inorganic forms
to obtain the best growth …
2. Apply organic fertilizer in combination with inorganic forms to secure the best yield
of soybean, particularly using the combination such as …
3. More…

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LITERATURE CITED

APPENDICES
 114

Appendix 11. Standard abbreviations which can be used for the Literature
Cited of a thesis or dissertation (for Documentary Citations).

Abbreviations Meaning
Agr. Agriculture
Agron. Agronomy
Ani. Animal
Ann. Annals
Atr,arts. Article
Ass. Association
Bot. Botany
Bk., bks. Book, books
Bull. Bulletin
c.(cerca) about approximate data)
cf compare
chap., chaps. Chapter, chapters
Co. Company
col., cols column, columns
dept. department
div., divs. Division, divisions
devt development
Ed., Eds. Edition, Editions
Et. al. and others
e.g. for example
et.seq. and the following
Extn. Extension
f., ff. And the following
fig., figs. Figure, figures
Hort. Horticulture
ibid same reference
idem. same person
 115

i.e. that is
illus. illustrated
Inc. Incorporated
Infra below
1.,11: line, lines
loc. Cit. the place cited
Ltd. Limited
Mimeo mimeographed
MS Master of Science
ms manuscript
nd no date given
n.n. no name given
n.p. no place given
no., nos. number, numbers
op. cit. previously cited
p. pp. page, pages
par., pars. paragraph, paragraphs
Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy
Proc. proceedings
passim. here and there
pt., pts. part., parts
Rev. Review
rev. revised
Sci. Science
sec., secs section, sections
sic thus
Soc Society
supra. Above

Technol. Technology

trans. Translated
 116

Univ. University

Unpub. Unpublished

vide. Sec

vol,.vols. volume, volumes

(…) up to one part in length

A. For Standard Units

ac acre
cav cavan
cm centimeter
cu m (m3) cubic meter
cu ft (ft3) cubic feet
C day
ft feet
F degree Farenheight
g gram
gal gallon
ha hectare
hr hour
in inch
km kilometer
kg kilogram
KW kilowatt
lb pound
l liter
m meter
min minute
mo quart
sq m square meter
sq cm (cm2) square centimeter
 117

sq ft (ft2) square feet

sq mi (mi2) square mile
sq yd (yd2) square yard
t ton
yd yard
yr year
w watt

Appendix 12. Useful units of conversions.

Unit of Length
1 meter = 100 centimeter
1 kilometer = 1000 millimeter
1 meter = 1000 meter
= 3.281 feet
= 1.094 yard
1 kilometer = 0.621 mile
1 mile = 1.609 kilometer
1 inch = 2.54 centimeter
1 foot = 0.305 meter
1 yard = 0.914 meter

Unit of weight
1 ton = 1000 kilograms
1 kilogram = 1000 grams
1 gram = 1000 milligrams
1 kilogram = 2.206 pounds
1 gram = 0.03 ounces
1 ounce = 28.35 grams
1 pound = 0.454 kilogram

Unit of Volume
 118

1 liter = 1000 milliliters

= 1.057 quarts
= 0.264 gallon
1 quart = 0.946 liters
1 gallon = 3.785 liters
1 cu centimeter (cm3) = 0.061 cubic inch (in3)
1 cubic meter ( m3) = 35.31 cubic feet (ft3)
= 1.308 cu. yard (yd3)
1 cubic inch (in3) = 16.39 cubic centimeter (cm3)
1 cubic feet (ft3) = 0.0283 cubic meter (m3)
1 cubic yard (yd3) = 0.7646 cubic meter (m3)
Unit of Area
1 square centimeter (cm2) = 0.155 square inch (in2)
1 square meter (m2) = 10.76 square feet (ft2)
1 hectare = 1,000 square meters (m2)
= 2.471 acres
1 square inch (in2) = 6.45 square cm (cm2)
1 square foot (ft2) = 0.093 square meter (m2)
 119

REFERENCES
BAILEY, KD. 1987. Methods of Social Research. 3rd ed. New York: The Free
Press.

BEST, JW and JV KAHN. 1989. Research in Education., 6th ed. New Jersey,
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. NJ 07632.

GREGORIO, GL. 2000. Research Methods and Technical Writing in

Agriculture. Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc. Florentino St., Sta.
Mesa Heights, QC.

GREGORIO, GL and EL GREGORIO. 1995. Basic Social Research and

Thesis Writing, Mambusao, Capiz: Panay State Polytechnic College 5807.

GREGORIO, GL 1990. Social Research, Mambusao, Capiz: Panay State

Polytechnic College 5807.

GREGORIO, GL.1992. Thesis Manual. Research Institute, Panay State

Polytechnic College, Mambusao, Capiz.

GREGORIO, GL. 1982. Thesis Guideline, Department o Agriculture, Panay

State Polytechnic College, Mambusao, Capiz.

LEGASPI, EC, OK BAUTISTA and ST MANCEBO. 2001. A Manual on

Form and Style for Theses and Dissertation. UP Los Baños, College,
Laguna.
LEON, LY and CLAUDIO, VS. 1997. Guide to Scientific Writing. Sampaloc,
Manila, Philippines: Merriam School and Office Supplies Corp., 864-870
N. Reyes Sr. Avenue, 128 pp.

LIBRERO, F. 1985. How to Write a Thesis Proposal, UP Los Baños, Laguna:

Department of Development Communications.

MERCADO, CM. How to Conduct Social Science Research, Metro Manila:

Sinag-Tala Publishers, Inc. P. O. Box 536., Greenhill, MM.

PLONSKY, M. 2000. Psychology with Style: A Hypertext Writing Guide.

Psycdept.htmhttp//www.uwsp.
120