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BASIS OF DESIGN

CHAPTER 1
BASIS
OF
DESIGN
BASIS OF DESIGN

−1−
I. OWNERS REQUIREMENT

TYPE OF VESSEL General Cargo

CARGO DEADWEIGHT 3000 tonnes

TYPE OF SCREW Single screw

SPEED 15 knots
Manila - Hanoi, Vietnam
ROUTE
Hanoi, Vietnam - Manila

II. PARENTSHIPS

SHIP 1 SHIP 2 SHIP 3 AVERAGE


L.O.A 81.50 85.35 81.00 82.62
L.B.P 75.50 78.00 76.00 76.50
BREADTH 12.00 13.00 13.60 12.87
DEPTH 6.50 6.50 6.80 6.60
DRAFT 5.45 5.40 5.50 5.45
DEADWEIGHT 3000 3200 3300 3166.67
SPEED 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
DISPLACEMENT 3980.5 4342.0 4497.7 4273.40
CB 0.81 0.79 0.79 0.80

III. RATIO and PARAMETERS

SHIP 1 SHIP 2 SHIP 3 AVERAGE


L/B 6.29 6.00 5.59 5.96
B/d 2.20 2.41 2.47 2.36
d/D 0.84 0.83 0.81 0.83
B/D 1.85 2.00 2.00 1.95
d/B 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.42

IV. DESIGN RANGES


REFERENCE: Naval Architecture for the Salvage Engineer
BASIS OF DESIGN

−2−
V. ESTIMATE VALUES OF COEFFICIENTS
REFERENCE: Introduction to Naval Architecture 4th ed. by E. Tupper

REFERENCE: Empirical Ship Formula

REFERENCE: http//www.portfenders.comfenderdesign.htm
BASIS OF DESIGN

−3−
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULARS

CHAPTER 2
DETERMINATION
of
PARTICULARS
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULARS

−4−
I. METHOD 1
REFERENCE: Ship Design and Performance for Masters and Mates, Dr.C.B Barrass,
Part I, p.5

FORMULA:
1
dwt × ( L / B )2 × ( B/d )
L= [ ρ × CB × CD ] 3

where:
dwt = 3000 tonnes
L/B = 5.96
B/d = 2.36
B/D = 1.95
CB = 0.70
CD = 0.70
ρ = 1.025 ton / m3 (density of water)

SOLUTION:

1.) LENGTH (L):


1
L= [ 3000 × ( 6 )2 × ( 2.361 )
1.025 × 0.7 × 0.7
] 3 m
1
L= ( )
251560
3 m
0.5023
L= 79.42 m

2.) BREADTH (B):


L / B = 5.96
B= L / 5.96
= 79.416 / 5.96
B = 13.32 m

3.) DEPTH (D) :


B / D = 1.95
D= B / 1.95
= 13.325 / 1.95
D = 6.84 m

4.) DRAFT (d):


B / d = 2.36
d= B / 2.36
= 13.325 / 2.36
d = 5.64 m
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULARS

−5−
5.) WEIGHT OF DISPLACEMENT (r):
r= L × B × d × CB × ρ
79.416 × 13.32 × 5.64 × 0.70 × 1.025
r = 4285.7 tonnes

Check:

DEADWEIGHT (dwt):
dwt = r × CD
= 4286 × 0.70
dwt = 3000 tonnes

dwt
CD =
r
3000
=
4285.7
CD = 0.70

lwt = r – dwt
= 4285.7 – 3000
lwt = 1285.7 tonnes

PARTICULARS:
L = 79.42 m
B = 13.32 m
D = 6.84 m
d = 5.64 m
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULARS

6
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULARS

II. METHOD NO. 2


REFERENCE: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 2, p. 18

FORMULA:
r = L/B × d/B × B3 × CB × ρ

r
B3 =
L/B × d/B × CB × ρ

Let: where:
dwt dwt = 3000
r=
CD CD = 0.70
3000 L/B = 5.96
=
0.70 d/B = 0.42
CB = 0.70
r = 4285.71 tonnes
B/D = 1.95
ρSW = 1.025
SOLUTION:

1.) BREADTH (B):


4285.71
B3 =
5.96 × 0.42 × 0.70 × 1.025

B3 = 2360.05 1
B = ( 2360.05 ) 3
B = 13.31 m

2.) LENGTH (L): 3.) DEPTH (D) :


L / B= 5.96 B / D = 1.95
L= B × 5.96 D= B / 1.95
= 13.31 × 5.96 = 13.31 / 1.95
L = 79.35 m D = 6.83 m

4.) DRAFT (d):


d/B = 0.42
d= B × 0.42
= 13.31 × 0.42
d= 5.65 m

DISPLACEMENT (Δ):
r= L × B × d × CB × ρ
79.35 × 13.31 × 5.65 × 0.70 × 1.025
r = 4285.714 tonnes

PARTICULARS:
Length (L) = 79.35 m
Breadth (B) = 13.31 m
Depth (D) = 6.83 m
Draft (d) = 5.65 m
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULARS

−7−
III. AVERAGES OF THE ESTIMATED PARTICULARS

METHOD 1 METHOD 2 AVERAGE


LENGTH (L) 79.42 79.35 79.38
BREADTH (B) 13.32 13.31 13.32
DEPTH (D) 6.84 6.83 6.83
DRAFT (d) 5.64 5.65 5.65
r 4285.71 4285.71 4285.71

1.) BLOCK COEFFICIENT (CB)


r
CB =
L × B × d × ρ
4285.71
CB =
79.38 × 13.32 × 5.65 × 1.025
CB = 0.70

2.) DISPLACEMENT (r)


r= L × B × d × CB × ρSW
= 79.38 × 13.32 × 5.65 × 0.70 × 1.025
r = 4285.72 m3

3.) DEADWEIGHT COEFFICIENT (CD)


CD = dwt / r
= 3000 / 4285.716
CD = 0.70

4.) VOLUME OF DISPLACEMENT (s)


s= L × B × d × CB
= 79.38 × 13.32 × 5.65 × 0.70
s = 4181.187 m 3

5.) WATERPLANE COEFFICIENT (CWP)


REFERENCE: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 54

CWP = CB + 0.1
= 0.70 + 0.1
CWP = 0.80

IV. AREA OF WATERPLANE (AWP)


AWP = B × LBP × CWP
= 13.32 × 79.38 × 0.80
AWP = 845.87 m2
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULARS

−8−
V. TONS PER CENTIMETER OF IMMERSION (TPCM)
TPCM = AWP × ρSW ÷ 100
= 845.87 × 1.025 ÷ 100
ton
TPCM = 8.67
cm

VI. MIDSHIP SECTION COEFFICIENT


REFERENCE: Parametric Design by Micheal Parsons. Chapter 11, p. 12

CM = 0.98 + 0.09 ( CB - 0.60 )


= 0.98 + 0.09 ( 0.70 - 0.60 )
CM = 0.99

REFERENCE: Naval Architecture For The Salvage Engineer, p. 6, Table 1-1


CM = 0.98

0.99 + 0.98
CM average =
2
CM average = 0.98

VII. PRISMATIC COEFFICIENT


REFERENCE: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 54

CB = CP × CM
CB
CP =
CM
0.70
=
0.98
CP = 0.71

XIII. SHIP'S GENERAL PARTICULARS

Length L 79.42 m
Breadth B 13.32 m
Depth D 6.83 m
Draft d 5.65 m
Freeboard 1.19 m
Displacement r 4285.72 tonnes
Vol. of Displacement s 4181.19 m3
Block Coefficient CB 0.70
Midship Coefficient CM 0.98
Prismatic Coefficient CP 0.71
Deadweight Coefficient CD 0.70
Waterplane Coefficient CWP 0.80
Area of Waterplane AWP 845.87 m2
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULARS

Tons Per Centimeter of Immersion TPCM 8.67 tons/cm

−9−
STABILITY

CHAPTER 3
STABILITY
STABILITY

− 10 −
I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Length (L) 79.42 m


Breadth (B) 13.32 m
Depth (D) 6.83 m
Draft (d) 5.65 m
Freeboard 1.19 m
Displacement (r) 4285.72 tonnes
Vol. of Displacement (s) 4181.19 m3
Block Coefficient (CB) 0.70
Midship Coefficient (CM) 0.98
Prismatic Coefficient (CP) 0.71
Deadweight Coefficient (CD) 0.70
Waterplane Coefficient (CWP) 0.80
Area of Waterplane (AWP) 845.87 m2
TPCM 8.67 tons/cm

II. CENTERS

1.) Vertical Center of Gravity (V.C.G.)


REFERENCE 1: Naval Architecture For The Salvage Engineer, p. 32, Table 1-4

V.C.G. = 0.75 × D where:


= 0.75 × 6.83 D= 6.83 m
V.C.G. = 5.13 m above keel

REFERENCE 2: Practical Principle of Naval Architecture by S.S. Rabi, p. 156

V.C.G. = 0.65 to 0.80 where:


= use average for design ship D= 6.83 m
0.65 + 0.80 × D
= ( 2 )
0.65 + 0.80 × 6.83
= ( 2 )
V.C.G. = 4.96 m above keel

REFERENCE 3: Handbook of Ship Construction, Calculation & Operation,


by Hugh, p. 190

V.C.G. = 0.50 to 0.70 where:


= use average for design ship D= 6.83 m
0.5 + 0.70 × D
= ( 2 )
0.5 + 0.70 × 6.83
= ( 2 )
V.C.G. = 4.10 m above keel
5.13 + 4.96 + 4.10
V.C.G. average =
3
STABILITY

V.C.G. average = 4.73 m above keel

− 11 −
2.) Vertical Center of Buoyancy (V.C.B.)

REFERENCE 1: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 56

Formula:
CWP where:
V.C.B. = d ( CWP + CB ) d= 5.65 m
CWP = 0.80
Solution: CB = 0.70
0.80
V.C.B. = 5.65 ( 0.80 + 0.70 )
V.C.B. = 3.01 m above keel

REFERENCE 2: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 64

Formula:
where:
V.C.B. = 0.52 × d
d= 5.65 m

Solution:
V.C.B. = 0.52 × 5.65
V.C.B. = 2.94 m above keel

REFERENCE 3: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 64

Formula:
5 CB
V.C.B. = d ( 6
-
3 ( CWP ) ) where:d = 5.65 m
CB = 0.70
Solution: CWP = 0.80
5 0.70
V.C.B. = 5.65 ( 6
-
3 ( 0.80 ) )
= 5.65 ( 0.83 - 0.29 )
V.C.B. = 3.06 m above keel

3.01 + 2.94 + 3.06


VCB average =
3
VCB average = 3.00 m above keel
STABILITY

− 12 −
III. METACENTERS

1.) TRANSVERSE METACENTER (BMT)


REFERENCE: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 57

Formula:
iB2 where:
BMT =
dCB i = 0.07
B = 13.32 m
Values of coefficient (i) d = 5.65 m
CWP 0.85 0.90 0.95 CB = 0.70
i 0.061 0.069 0.076 CWP = 0.80

Solution:
0.07 × ( 13.32 )2
BMT =
5.65 × 0.70
12.24
=
3.95
BMT = 3.10 m above keel

2.) LONGITUDINAL METACENTER (BML)


REFERENCE: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 57

Formula:
mL2 where:
BML =
dCB m = 0.06
L = 79.42 m
Values of coefficient (m) d = 5.65 m
CWP 0.85 0.90 0.95 CB = 0.70
m 0.055 0.063 0.072 CWP = 0.80

Solution:
0.06 × ( 79.42 )2
BML =
5.65 × 0.70
397.33
=
3.95
BML = 100.48 m

3.) TRANSVERSE METACENTER ABOVE KEEL (KMT)


REFERENCE: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, page 63

Formula:
KMT = KB + BMT where:
KB = V.C.B
STABILITY

Solution: KB = 3.00 m
KMT = 3.00 + 3.10 BMT = 3.10 m
KMT = 6.10 m above keel

− 13 −
4.) TRANSVERSE METACENTRIC HEIGHT (GMT)
REFERENCE: Theoretical of Naval Architecture by Attwood

Formula:
BG = KG - KB
where:
BG = distance in meter of the center of buoyancy to
the center of gravity.

KG = distance in meter of the keel to the center of gravity


= V.C.G.
KG = 4.73 m

KB = distance in meter of the keel to the center of buoyancy


= V.C.B.
KB = 3.00 m

BG = KG - KB
= 4.73 - 3.00
BG = 1.72 m above keel

GMT = BMT - BG where:


= 3.10 - 1.72 BMT = 3.10 m
GMT = 1.37 m BG = 1.72 m

IV. MOMENT TO CHANGE TRIM 1 CM (MTCM)


REFERENCE 1: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, page 54

MTCM = 7 [( TPCM )2
B
] where:
TPCM = 8.67
= 7 [( 8.67 )2
13.32
] B = 13.32 m

75.17
= 7 ( 13.32 )
MTCM = 39.51 ton - m

REFERENCE 2: Elements of Ship Design by R. Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, page 57

r × BML where:
MTCM =
100 × L r = 4285.7 m3
4285.7 × 100.4779 BML = 100.48 m
=
100 × 79.42 L = 79.42 m
STABILITY

430619.7
=
7941.6
MTCM = 54.22 ton - m

39.51 + 54.22
MTCM average =
2
MTCM average = 46.86 ton - m

− 14 −
V. MOMENT OF INERTIA (IT)

1.) TRANSVERSE MOMENT OF INERTIA (IT)


REFERENCE: Parametric Design by Micheal Parsons. Chapter 11, p. 18

Formula:
IT where:
BMT =
s BMT = 3.10 m
s = 4181.2 m3
Solution:
IT = BMT × s
= 3.1 × 4181.19
IT = 12942.99 m4

2.) LONGITUDINAL MOMENT OF INERTIA (IL)


REFERENCE: Parametric Design by Micheal Parsons. Chapter 11, p.18

Formula:
IL where:
BML =
s BML = 100.5 m
s = 4181.2 m3
Solution:
IL = BML × s
= 100.5 × 4181.19
IL = 420116.7 m4

VI. PERIOD OF ROLLING (TR)


REFERENCE: Naval Architecture For The Salvage Engineer, p. 34

Formula:
2 × π × k
TR =
√ ( g × GM )

where:
k = transverse radius of gyration of the ship mass
k= 0.40 × beam
= 0.40 × 13.32
k= 5.33 m

π= 3.1416

convert to ft.
STABILITY

k= 5.33 m → k = 17.48 ft
g= 9.80 m/s2 → g = 32.15 ft/s2
GM = 1.37 m → GM = 4.50 ft

Solution:
2 × 3.1416 × 17.48
TR =
√ ( 32.15 × 4.50 )
109.83
=
√ 144.69
TR = 9.13 seconds

− 15 −
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

CHAPTER 4
PRODUCING
LINES
DRAWING
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

− 16 −
I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Length (L) 79.42 m


Breadth (B) 13.32 m
Depth (D) 6.83 m
Draft (d) 5.65 m
Displacement (r) 4285.72 tonnes
Vol. of Displacement (s) 4181.19 m3
Block Coefficient (CB) 0.70
Prismatic Coefficient (CP) 0.98
Midship Coefficient (CM) 0.98

II. PROPOSED DESIGN FOR THE SHIP


REFERENCE: Elements of Ship Design by R.Munro-Smith, Chapter 6, p. 69

FOR CARGO LINERS


CP
0.75 0.71 0.7
Length of Parallel up to up to
24.00
Body (%) 25 20
LCB as % L from 1.5 0.5
0.70
amidship fwd fwd
1/2 angle of entrance
24 22.40 16
on LWL ( ° )

Length of the ship = 79.42 m


Parallel middle body = 19.06 m
L.C.B. = 0.56 m fwd.

III. CALCULATION FOR PRISMATIC COEFFICIENT OF FWD AND AFT


REFERENCE: Merchant Ship Design by R.Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 94

From Cpf & Cpa = CP ± 2 [ ( L.C.B. / L ) + 0.001 ]


where:
L.C.B. = 0.556
L = 79.42

Cpf = 0.98 + 2 [ ( 0.556 / 79.42 ) + 0.001 ]


= 0.98 + 2 ( 0.008 )
Cpf = 1.00

Cpa = 0.98 - 2 [ ( 0.556 / 79.42 ) + 0.001 ]


= 0.98 - 2 ( 0.008 )
Cpa = 0.97
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

− 17 −

IV. BILGE RADIUS COMPUTATION

Formula:
( B × H ) ( 1 - CM )
R2 =
0.43

where:
B= 13.32
H= 5.65
CM = 0.98

Solution:
( 13.32 × 5.65 ) ( 1.00 - 0.98 )
R2 =
0.43
( 75.24 ) ( 0.02 )
=
0.43
1.30
R2 =
0.43
R2 = 3.02

R= 1.51 m
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

− 18 −
V. CALCULATION FOR PRISMATIC COEFFICIENT OF ENTRANCE AND RUN
REFERENCE: Merchant Ship Design by R.Munro-Smith, Chapter 5, p. 108

Length of entrance = 30.18

1.) Prismatic Coefficient for Entrance


Formula:
0.5 L × Cpf = LE × CpE + 0.5 P.M.B. × 1

where:
L = 79.42 m
Cpf = 1.00 m
LE = 30.18 m
P.M.B. = 19.06 m

Solution:
( 0.5 × L × Cpf ) - ( 0.5 × P.M.B. × 1
CpE =
LE

( 0.5 × 79.42 × 1.00 ) - ( 0.5 × 19.06 × 1


=
30.18

39.66 - 9.5299
CpE =
30.18

CpE = 1.00

2.) Prismatic Coefficient for Run


Formula:
0.5 L × Cpf = LE × CpR + 0.5 P.M.B. × 1

where:
L = 79.42 m
Cpa = 0.97 m
LE = 30.18 m
P.M.B. = 19.06 m

Solution:
( 0.5 × L × Cpa ) - ( 0.5 × P.M.B. × 1
CpR =
LE

( 0.5 × 79.42 × 0.97 ) - ( 0.5 × 19.06 × 1


CpR =
30.18
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

38.39 - 9.5299
CpR =
30.18

CpR = 0.96

− 19 −
REFERENCE: Merchant Ship Design by R.Munro, Table 40 & 41, p. 109 - 110

Ordinates for Curve of Sectional Area for Entrance and Run

CP Entrance CP Run
Station Station
1.00 0.96
FP 0.000 5 1.000
1/2 0.112 6 0.991
1 0.279 7 0.931
1 1/2 0.476 8 0.776
2 0.664 8 1/2 0.650
3 0.893 9 0.500
4 0.976 9 1/2 0.323
5 1.000 A.P. 0.140

Ordinates for Curve of L.W.L. Entrance and Run

CP Entrance CP Run
Station Station
0.64 0.96
FP 0.000 5 1.000
1/2 0.139 6 0.991
1 0.316 7 0.931
1 1/2 0.505 8 0.776
2 0.671 8 1/2 0.650
3 0.893 9 0.500
4 0.983 9 1/2 0.323
5 1.000 A.P. 0.140
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

− 20 −
VI. SECTIONAL AREA COMPUTATION
REFERENCE: Merchant Ship Design by R.Munro-Smith, Table 39, p. 100

SA
Station SM F(V) Lever F(M)
Ordinate
F.P 0.000 0.5 0 5 0
1/2 0.112 2 0.224 4.5 1.008
1 0.279 1 0.279 4 1.117
1 1/2 0.476 2 0.953 3.5 3.334
2 0.664 1.5 0.996 3 2.989
3 0.893 4 3.573 2 7.146
4 0.976 2 1.952 1 1.952
5 1.000 4 4 0 0
6 0.991 2 1.982 1 1.982
7 0.931 4 3.724 2 7.448
8 0.776 1.5 1.164 3 3.492
8 1/2 0.650 2 1.3 3.5 4.550
9 0.500 1 0.5 4 2
9 1/2 0.323 2 0.646 4.5 2.907
A.P. 0.140 0.5 0.070 5 0.350

ƩF(V) = 21.363 22.729 AFT


17.546 FWD
5.183

Station spacing (s) = 7.94

5.1828
L.C.B. = ( 21.3633 ) × 7.94

= ( 0.242603 ) × 7.94

L.C.B. = 1.927 % L forward of amidship


PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

− 21 −
SA SA of
Station AM SM F(V)
Ordinate Station
F.P 0.000 73.95 0 0.5 0.000
1/2 0.112 73.95 8.28196 2 16.564
1 0.2792 73.95 20.6458 1 20.646
1 1/2 0.4763 73.95 35.2205 2 70.441
2 0.6642 73.95 49.115 1.5 73.673
3 0.8933 73.95 66.0561 4 264.224
4 0.976 73.95 72.1714 2 144.343
5 1.000 73.95 73.9461 4 295.784
6 0.991 73.95 73.2806 2 146.561
7 0.931 73.95 68.8438 4 275.375
8 0.776 73.95 57.3822 1.5 86.073
8 1/2 0.650 73.95 48.065 2 96.130
9 0.500 73.95 36.9731 1 36.973
9 1/2 0.323 73.95 23.8846 2 47.769
A.P. 0.140 73.95 10.3525 0.5 5.176

ƩF(V) = 1579.733

Full Area of Midship = CM × B × d


= 0.98 × 13.32 × 5.65
= 73.946 m2

Half Area of Midship = 36.97 m2

Vol. of Displacement = ( 1/3 ) × S × ƩF(V)


= 0.33 × 7.94 × 1579.7
= 4181.862 m3

check:
Vol. of Displacement = L × B × d × CB
= 79.42 × 13.32 × 5.65 × 0.70
= 4182.899 m3
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

− 22 −
VII. LOAD WATERLINE COMPUTATION
REFERENCE: Merchant Ship Design by R.Munro-Smith, Table 38, p. 98

L.W.L Half Half


Sta. SM F(A) Lever F(LM)
Ordinate Breadth Ordinate
F.P 0.000 0.5 6.66 0.000 0 5 0
1/2 0.293 2 6.66 1.949 3.897 4.5 17.538
1 0.489 1 6.66 3.254 3.254 4 13.016
1 1/2 0.702 2 6.66 4.675 9.350 3.5 32.726
2 0.850 1.5 6.66 5.660 8.490 3 25.470
3 0.986 4 6.66 6.563 26.253 2 52.505
4 0.992 2 6.66 6.605 13.210 1 13.210
5 1.000 4 6.66 6.660 26.639 0 0
6 0.996 2 6.66 6.633 13.266 1 13.266
7 0.989 4 6.66 6.588 26.354 2 52.708
8 0.886 1.5 6.66 5.897 8.846 3 26.537
8 1/2 0.755 2 6.66 5.029 10.059 3.5 35.206
9 0.594 1 6.66 3.956 3.956 4 15.823
9 1/2 0.418 2 6.66 2.786 5.573 4.5 25.078
A.P. 0.205 0.5 6.66 1.364 0.682 5 3.410

ƩF(A) = 159.828 AFT 172.03


FWD 154.47
17.56

Station spacing (s) = 7.94

17.563
L.C.F. = ( 159.828 ) × 7.94

= ( 0.110 ) × 7.94

L.C.F. = 0.873 m of aft. of midship

Area of Waterplane = ( 1/3 ) × S × ƩF(A) × 2


= 0.33 × 7.94 × 159.83 × 2
Area of Waterplane = 846.1941 m2
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

Check:
Area of Waterplane = L × B × CW
= 79.42 × 13.32 × 0.80
Area of Waterplane = 846.2188 m2

− 23 −
VIII. SECTION DESIGNING

where:
A = Half area of section from Sectional Area Computation
b = Offset on Load Waterline from table of computation
d = 5.65 (draft)
w = A/d
A/b = Area divided by offset on Load Waterline
B/2 = Half Breadth

Station A b A/b w
F.P 0 0 0 0
1/2 4.141 1.949 2.125 0.733
1 10.323 3.254 3.172 1.827
1 1/2 17.610 4.675 3.767 3.117
2 24.558 5.660 4.339 4.347
3 33.028 6.563 5.032 5.846
4 36.086 6.605 5.463 6.388
5 36.973 6.660 5.552 6.545
6 36.640 6.633 5.524 6.486
7 34.422 6.588 5.225 6.093
8 28.691 5.897 4.865 5.079
8 1/2 24.032 5.029 4.778 4.254
9 18.487 3.956 4.673 3.272
9 1/2 11.942 2.786 4.286 2.114
A.P. 5.176 1.364 3.795 0.916
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING

− 24 −
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING
PRODUCING LINES DRAWING
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

CHAPTER 5
HYDROSTATIC
CALCULATION
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

− 25 −
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Length Overall (LOA) 85.37 m


Length Between Perpendiculars (LBP) 79.42 m
Breadth (B) 13.32 m
Depth (D) 6.83 m
Draft (d) 5.65 m
Station Spacing 7.94
Waterline Spacing 0.56
Divisor 160.71

II. TABLE OF OFFSETS

W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE
STATION
0.00 0.56 1.13 1.69 2.26 2.82 3.39 3.95 4.52 5.08 5.65
FP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1/2 0 0.286 0.466 0.641 0.831 1.062 1.292 1.551 1.812 2.118 2.614
1 0 1.137 1.488 1.758 2.043 2.313 2.602 2.937 3.284 3.658 4.042
1 1/2 0 2.239 2.703 3.042 3.319 3.611 3.896 4.154 4.451 4.790 5.144
2 0 3.663 4.018 4.264 4.475 4.705 4.914 5.134 5.377 5.654 5.963
3 0 5.392 5.584 5.704 5.818 5.927 6.014 6.116 6.248 6.427 6.605
4 0 6.561 6.574 6.585 6.596 6.598 6.604 6.609 6.622 6.634 6.654
5 0 6.660 6.660 6.660 6.660 6.660 6.660 6.660 6.660 6.660 6.660
6 0 6.588 6.601 6.612 6.622 6.632 6.648 6.648 6.648 6.657 6.660
7 0 6.321 6.390 6.489 6.541 6.579 6.606 6.637 6.658 6.658 6.660
8 0 5.238 5.354 5.495 5.650 5.813 5.963 6.199 6.441 6.650 6.660
8 1/2 0 4.169 4.522 4.745 4.942 5.156 5.390 5.677 5.997 6.331 6.623
9 0 2.869 3.271 3.557 3.788 4.070 4.389 4.732 5.173 5.861 6.243
9 1/2 0 1.351 1.750 2.096 2.376 2.642 2.962 3.355 3.838 4.751 5.382
AP 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.892 3.639
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

26
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

III. Table A and B

A. WATERLINE ~ 1.13

HALF - BREADTH
STA SM W.LINE 0.00 W.LINE 0.56 W.LINE 1.13 F(A)s F(V)s LA F(LM)s STA. A/2
SMh 1 4 1
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
FP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
2 0 0 0.286 0.573 0.466 0.932
1/2
0 1.146 0.466 1.612 3.223 4.5 14.504 0.301
1 0 0 1.137 1.137 1.488 1.488
1
0 4.547 1.488 6.035 6.035 4 24.140 1.127
2 0 0 2.239 4.477 2.703 5.405
1 1/2
0 8.954 2.703 11.657 23.314 3.5 81.600 2.176
1.5 0 0 3.663 5.495 4.018 6.027
2
0 14.652 4.018 18.671 28.006 3 84.018 3.485
4 0 0 5.392 21.569 5.584 22.334
3
0 21.569 5.584 27.153 108.611 2 217.222 5.069
2 0 0 6.561 13.121 6.574 13.148
4
0 26.242 6.574 32.816 65.632 1 65.632 6.126
4 0 0 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640
5
0 26.640 6.660 33.300 133.200 0 0 6.216
2 0 0 6.588 13.176 6.601 13.202
6
0 26.353 6.601 32.954 65.908 1 65.908 6.151
4 0 0 6.321 25.285 6.390 25.562
7
0 25.285 6.390 31.676 126.702 2 253.405 5.913
1.5 0 0 5.238 7.857 5.354 8.031
8
0 20.952 5.354 26.306 39.459 3 118.377 4.910
2 0 0 4.169 8.338 4.522 9.045
8 1/2
0 16.677 4.522 21.199 42.398 3.5 148.394 3.957
1 0 0 2.869 2.869 3.271 3.271
9
0 11.477 3.271 14.748 14.748 4 58.993 2.753
2 0 0 1.351 2.703 1.750 3.500
9 1/2
0 5.406 1.750 7.156 14.311 4.5 64.400 1.336
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
AP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
F (A)W.L. 0.000 133.241 138.586 1/2 F(V) 671.549 709.478 AFT
SMh 1 4 1 487.117 FWD
1/2 F(V)h 0 532.964 138.586 1/2F(V)h 671.549 222.361 DIFF.
Lh 0 0.56 1.13 C.FWD. 0 15.883 2XS
1/2F(V)h 0 298.460 156.602 TOTAL F(V) 1343.099 3531.791 PROD.
TOTAL 1/2 f(VM) 455.061 DIVISOR 160.714 0 C.FWD
× 2 910.123
C.FWD. 0
TOTAL F(VM) UP TO W.L. 910.123 MEAN F(V) 8.357 3531.791 TOTAL
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

27
A. WATERLINE ~ 2.26

HALF - BREADTH
STA SM W.LINE 1.13 W.LINE 1.69 W.LINE 2.26 F(A)s F(V)s LA F(LM)s STA. A/2
SMh 1 4 1
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
FP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
2 0.466 0.932 0.641 1.281 0.831 1.662
1/2
0.466 2.562 0.831 3.859 7.718 4.5 34.733 0.720
1 1.488 1.488 1.758 1.758 2.043 2.043
1
1.488 7.031 2.043 10.562 10.562 4 42.248 1.972
2 2.703 5.405 3.042 6.083 3.319 6.638
1 1/2
2.703 12.166 3.319 18.188 36.375 3.5 127.314 3.395
1.5 4.018 6.027 4.264 6.397 4.475 6.712
2
4.018 17.058 4.475 25.551 38.326 3 114.978 4.769
4 5.584 22.334 5.704 22.816 5.818 23.270
3
5.584 22.816 5.818 34.217 136.867 2 273.734 6.387
2 6.574 13.148 6.585 13.170 6.596 13.192
4
6.574 26.340 6.596 39.510 79.020 1 79.020 7.375
4 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640
5
6.660 26.640 6.660 39.960 159.840 0 0 7.459
2 6.601 13.202 6.612 13.224 6.622 13.243
6
6.601 26.448 6.622 39.671 79.341 1 79.341 7.405
4 6.390 25.562 6.489 25.956 6.541 26.164
7
6.390 25.956 6.541 38.887 155.548 2 311.096 7.259
1.5 5.354 8.031 5.495 8.243 5.650 8.474
8
5.354 21.980 5.650 32.983 49.475 3 148.425 6.157
2 4.522 9.045 4.745 9.490 4.942 9.884
8 1/2
4.522 18.979 4.942 28.443 56.887 3.5 199.103 5.309
1 3.271 3.271 3.557 3.557 3.788 3.788
9
3.271 14.228 3.788 21.287 21.287 4 85.150 3.974
2 1.750 3.500 2.096 4.191 2.376 4.751
9 1/2
1.750 8.382 2.376 12.508 25.015 4.5 112.568 2.335
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
AP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
F (A)W.L. 138.586 142.804 146.462 1/2 F(V) 856.262 935.683 AFT
SMh 1 4 1 672.027 FWD
1/2 F(V)h 138.586 571.214 146.462 1/2F(V)h 856.262 263.657 DIFF.
Lh 1.130 1.690 2.260 C.FWD. 1343.099 15.883 2XS
1/2F(V)h 156.602 965.352 331.004 TOTAL F(V) 3055.623 4187.705 PROD.
TOTAL 1/2 f(VM) 1452.958 DIVISOR 160.714 3531.791 C.FWD
× 2 2905.917
C.FWD. 910.123
TOTAL F(VM) UP TO W.L. 3816.040 MEAN F(V) 19.013 7719.496 TOTAL
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

29
A. WATERLINE ~ 3.39

HALF - BREADTH
STA SM W.LINE 2.26 W.LINE 2.82 W.LINE 3.39 F(A)s F(V)s LA F(LM)s STA. A/2
SMh 1 4 1
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
FP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
2 0.831 1.662 1.062 2.125 1.292 2.584
1/2
0.831 4.249 1.292 6.372 12.744 4.5 57.3498 1.189
1 2.043 2.043 2.313 2.313 2.602 2.602
1
2.043 9.252 2.602 13.898 13.898 4 55.5904 2.594
2 3.319 6.638 3.611 7.221 3.896 7.792
1 1/2
3.319 14.442 3.896 21.657 43.314 3.5 151.6004 4.043
1.5 4.475 6.712 4.705 7.057 4.914 7.371
2
4.475 18.818 4.914 28.208 42.311 3 126.93375 5.265
4 5.818 23.270 5.927 23.710 6.014 24.054
3
5.818 23.710 6.014 35.541 142.162 2 284.3248 6.634
2 6.596 13.192 6.598 13.195 6.604 13.207
4
6.596 26.390 6.604 39.590 79.180 1 79.1804 7.390
4 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640
5
6.660 26.640 6.660 39.960 159.840 0 0 7.459
2 6.622 13.243 6.632 13.264 6.648 13.296
6
6.622 26.528 6.648 39.797 79.595 1 79.5946 7.429
4 6.541 26.164 6.579 26.314 6.606 26.424
7
6.541 26.314 6.606 39.461 157.845 2 315.6904 7.366
1.5 5.650 8.474 5.813 8.720 5.963 8.944
8
5.650 23.252 5.963 34.864 52.296 3 156.88845 6.508
2 4.942 9.884 5.156 10.313 5.390 10.780
8 1/2
4.942 20.625 5.390 30.957 61.914 3.5 216.699 5.779
1 3.788 3.788 4.070 4.070 4.389 4.389
9
3.788 16.278 4.389 24.456 24.456 4 97.8224 4.565
2 2.376 4.751 2.642 5.283 2.962 5.924
9 1/2
2.376 10.566 2.962 15.904 31.807 4.5 143.1315 2.969
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
AP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
F (A)W.L. 146.462 150.223 154.008 1/2 F(V) 901.363 1009.826 AFT
SMh 1 4 1 754.980 FWD
1/2 F(V)h 146.462 600.893 154.008 1/2F(V)h 901.363 254.847 DIFF.
Lh 2.260 2.820 3.390 C.FWD. 3055.623 15.883 2XS
1/2F(V)h 331.004 1694.519 522.086 TOTAL F(V) 4858.349 4047.776 PROD.
TOTAL 1/2 f(VM) 2547.609 DIVISOR 160.714 7719.496 C.FWD
× 2 5095.219
C.FWD. 3816.040
TOTAL F(VM) UP TO W.L. 8911.258 MEAN F(V) 30.230 11767.272 TOTAL
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

31
A. WATERLINE ~ 4.52

HALF - BREADTH
STA SM W.LINE 3.39 W.LINE 3.95 W.LINE 4.52 F(A)s F(V)s LA F(LM)s STA. A/2
SMh 1 4 1
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
FP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
2 1.292 2.584 1.551 3.103 1.812 3.623
1/2
1.292 6.205 1.812 9.309 18.617 4.5 83.777 1.738
1 2.602 2.602 2.937 2.937 3.284 3.284
1
2.602 11.749 3.284 17.636 17.636 4 70.543 3.292
2 3.896 7.792 4.154 8.308 4.451 8.902
1 1/2
3.896 16.616 4.451 24.963 49.926 3.5 174.742 4.660
1.5 4.914 7.371 5.134 7.701 5.377 8.066
2
4.914 20.535 5.377 30.826 46.239 3 138.717 5.754
4 6.014 24.054 6.116 24.466 6.248 24.991
3
6.014 24.466 6.248 36.727 146.907 2 293.814 6.856
2 6.604 13.207 6.609 13.218 6.622 13.244
4
6.604 26.436 6.622 39.662 79.324 1 79.324 7.404
4 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640
5
6.660 26.640 6.660 39.960 159.840 0 0 7.459
2 6.648 13.296 6.648 13.297 6.648 13.297
6
6.648 26.593 6.648 39.890 79.780 1 79.780 7.446
4 6.606 26.424 6.637 26.548 6.658 26.632
7
6.606 26.548 6.658 39.811 159.246 2 318.491 7.431
1.5 5.963 8.944 6.199 9.299 6.441 9.662
8
5.963 24.798 6.441 37.201 55.802 3 167.406 6.944
2 5.390 10.780 5.677 11.353 5.997 11.994
8 1/2
5.390 22.706 5.997 34.094 68.187 3.5 238.655 6.364
1 4.389 4.389 4.732 4.732 5.173 5.173
9
4.389 18.928 5.173 28.490 28.490 4 113.961 5.318
2 2.962 5.924 3.355 6.710 3.838 7.677
9 1/2
2.962 13.421 3.838 20.221 40.442 4.5 181.990 3.775
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
AP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
F (A)W.L. 154.008 158.311 163.184 1/2 F(V) 950.437 1100.283 AFT
SMh 1 4 1 840.919 FWD
1/2 F(V)h 154.008 633.245 163.184 1/2F(V)h 950.437 259.364 DIFF.
Lh 3.390 3.950 4.520 C.FWD. 4858.349 15.883 2XS
1/2F(V)h 522.086 2501.318 737.593 TOTAL F(V) 6759.223 4119.526 PROD.
TOTAL 1/2 f(VM) 3760.997 DIVISOR 160.714 11767.272 C.FWD
× 2 7521.993
C.FWD. 8911.258
TOTAL F(VM) UP TO W.L. 16433.251 MEAN F(V) 42.057 15886.798 TOTAL
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

33
A. WATERLINE ~ 5.65

HALF - BREADTH
STA SM W.LINE 4.52 W.LINE 5.08 W.LINE 5.65 F(A)s F(V)s LA F(LM)s STA. A/2
SMh 1 4 1
0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
FP
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
2 1.812 3.623 2.118 4.236 2.614 5.228
1/2
1.812 8.472 2.614 12.898 25.796 4.5 116.081 2.408
1 3.284 3.284 3.658 3.658 4.042 4.042
1
3.284 14.633 4.042 21.959 21.959 4 87.834 4.099
2 4.451 8.902 4.790 9.579 5.144 10.289
1 1/2
4.451 19.158 5.144 28.754 57.508 3.5 201.277 5.367
1.5 5.377 8.066 5.654 8.481 5.963 8.944
2
5.377 22.617 5.963 33.957 50.935 3 152.806 6.339
4 6.248 24.991 6.427 25.707 6.605 26.420
3
6.248 25.707 6.605 38.559 154.238 2 308.475 7.198
2 6.622 13.244 6.634 13.267 6.654 13.308
4
6.622 26.534 6.654 39.811 79.621 1 79.621 7.431
4 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640 6.660 26.640
5
6.660 26.640 6.660 39.960 159.840 0 0 7.459
2 6.648 13.297 6.657 13.314 6.660 13.320
6
6.648 26.629 6.660 39.937 79.874 1 79.874 7.455
4 6.658 26.632 6.658 26.632 6.660 26.640
7
6.658 26.632 6.660 39.950 159.798 2 319.596 7.457
1.5 6.441 9.662 6.650 9.974 6.660 9.990
8
6.441 26.598 6.660 39.699 59.549 3 178.647 7.411
2 5.997 11.994 6.331 12.662 6.623 13.247
8 1/2
5.997 25.325 6.623 37.945 75.891 3.5 265.617 7.083
1 5.173 5.173 5.861 5.861 6.243 6.243
9
5.173 23.444 6.243 34.860 34.860 4 139.440 6.507
2 3.838 7.677 4.751 9.502 5.382 10.764
9 1/2
3.838 19.005 5.382 28.225 56.450 4.5 254.027 5.269
0.5 0 0 0.892 0.446 3.639 1.820
AP
0 3.567 3.639 7.206 3.603 5 18.015 1.345
F (A)W.L. 163.184 169.961 176.893 1/2 F(V) 1019.921 1255.217 AFT
SMh 1 4 1 946.094 FWD
1/2 F(V)h 163.184 679.844 176.893 1/2F(V)h 1019.921 309.122 DIFF.
Lh 4.520 5.080 5.650 C.FWD. 6759.223 15.883 2×S
1/2F(V)h 737.593 3453.609 999.445 TOTAL F(V) 8799.065 4909.842 PROD.
TOTAL 1/2 f(VM) 5190.647 DIVISOR 160.714 15886.798 C.FWD.
× 2 10381.293
C.FWD. 16433.251
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

TOTAL F(VM) UP TO W.L. 26814.545 MEAN F(V) 54.750 20796.640 TOTAL

35
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

B. WATERLINE ~ 1.13

STA SM B/2 F(A)s Ls F(LM) Ls F(LI)s SM (B/2)3 F(TI)s

FP 0.5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 2 0.466 0.932 4.5 4.194 4.5 18.873 2 0.101 0.202
1 1 1.488 1.488 4 5.952 4 23.806 1 3.294 3.294
1 1/2 2 2.703 5.405 3.5 18.919 3.5 66.216 2 19.742 39.484
2 1.5 4.018 6.027 3 18.082 3 54.246 1.5 64.878 97.316
3 4 5.584 22.334 2 44.669 2 89.338 4 174.078 696.310
4 2 6.574 13.148 1 13.148 1 13.148 2 284.138 568.275
5 4 6.660 26.640 0 0.000 0 0.000 4 295.408 1181.633
6 2 6.601 13.202 1 13.202 1 13.202 2 287.653 575.306
7 4 6.390 25.562 2 51.123 2 102.246 4 260.966 1043.864
8 1.5 5.354 8.031 3 24.092 3 72.275 1.5 153.448 230.172
8 1/2 2 4.522 9.045 3.5 31.656 3.5 110.796 2 92.486 184.973
9 1 3.271 3.271 4 13.084 4 52.338 1 35.001 35.001
9 1/2 2 1.750 3.500 4.5 15.750 4.5 70.875 2 5.359 10.719
AP 0.5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 F(A) AFT 148.908 1/2 F(LI)s 1/2 F(TI)s
FWD 104.964
138.586 687.360 4666.551
NET 43.944
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

28
B. WATERLINE ~ 2.26

STA SM B/2 F(A)s Ls F(LM) Ls F(LI)s SM (B/2)3 F(TI)s

FP 0.5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 2 0.831 1.662 4.5 7.481 4.5 33.664 2 0.574 1.149
1 1 2.043 2.043 4 8.172 4 32.688 1 8.527 8.527
1 1/2 2 3.319 6.638 3.5 23.233 3.5 81.316 2 36.561 73.123
2 1.5 4.475 6.712 3 20.137 3 60.411 1.5 89.609 134.413
3 4 5.818 23.270 2 46.540 2 93.080 4 196.883 787.534
4 2 6.596 13.192 1 13.192 1 13.192 2 286.987 573.973
5 4 6.660 26.640 0 0.000 0 0.000 4 295.408 1181.633
6 2 6.622 13.243 1 13.243 1 13.243 2 290.315 580.630
7 4 6.541 26.164 2 52.328 2 104.656 4 279.855 1119.418
8 1.5 5.650 8.474 3 25.423 3 76.270 1.5 180.324 270.486
8 1/2 2 4.942 9.884 3.5 34.593 3.5 121.074 2 120.686 241.371
9 1 3.788 3.788 4 15.152 4 60.606 1 54.349 54.349
9 1/2 2 2.376 4.751 4.5 21.380 4.5 96.212 2 13.407 26.813
AP 0.5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 F(A) AFT 162.119 1/2 F(LI)s 1/2 F(TI)s
FWD 118.755
146.462 786.411 5053.419
NET 43.364
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

30
B. WATERLINE ~ 3.39

STA SM B/2 F(A)s Ls F(LM) Ls F(LI)s SM (B/2)3 F(TI)s

FP 0.5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 2 1.292 2.584 4.5 11.626 4.5 52.318 2 2.156 4.311
1 1 2.602 2.602 4 10.409 4 41.635 1 17.621 17.621
1 1/2 2 3.896 7.792 3.5 27.273 3.5 95.457 2 59.146 118.292
2 1.5 4.914 7.371 3 22.114 3 66.342 1.5 118.675 178.012
3 4 6.014 24.054 2 48.108 2 96.216 4 217.461 869.845
4 2 6.604 13.207 1 13.207 1 13.207 2 287.980 575.960
5 4 6.660 26.640 0 0.000 0 0.000 4 295.408 1181.633
6 2 6.648 13.296 1 13.296 1 13.296 2 293.841 587.682
7 4 6.606 26.424 2 52.847 2 105.694 4 288.268 1153.071
8 1.5 5.963 8.944 3 26.831 3 80.494 1.5 211.975 317.963
8 1/2 2 5.390 10.780 3.5 37.730 3.5 132.055 2 156.591 313.182
9 1 4.389 4.389 4 17.557 4 70.229 1 84.564 84.564
9 1/2 2 2.962 5.924 4.5 26.657 4.5 119.957 2 25.984 51.969
AP 0.5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 F(A) AFT 174.919 1/2 F(LI)s 1/2 F(TI)s
FWD 132.738
154.008 886.900 5454.103
NET 42.181
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

32
B. WATERLINE ~ 4.52

STA SM B/2 F(A)s Ls F(LM) Ls F(LI)s SM (B/2)3 F(TI)s

FP 0.5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 2 1.812 3.623 4.5 16.304 4.5 73.370 2 5.945 11.891
1 1 3.284 3.284 4 13.137 4 52.549 1 35.427 35.427
1 1/2 2 4.451 8.902 3.5 31.157 3.5 109.050 2 88.181 176.361
2 1.5 5.377 8.066 3 24.197 3 72.591 1.5 155.469 233.204
3 4 6.248 24.991 2 49.982 2 99.963 4 243.871 975.485
4 2 6.622 13.244 1 13.244 1 13.244 2 290.394 580.787
5 4 6.660 26.640 0 0.000 0 0.000 4 295.408 1181.633
6 2 6.648 13.297 1 13.297 1 13.297 2 293.867 587.735
7 4 6.658 26.632 2 53.263 2 106.526 4 295.129 1180.516
8 1.5 6.441 9.662 3 28.986 3 86.958 1.5 267.252 400.878
8 1/2 2 5.997 11.994 3.5 41.980 3.5 146.931 2 215.698 431.395
9 1 5.173 5.173 4 20.690 4 82.760 1 138.389 138.389
9 1/2 2 3.838 7.677 4.5 34.546 4.5 155.455 2 56.552 113.105
AP 0.5 0 0 5 0.000 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 F(A) AFT 192.762 1/2 F(LI)s 1/2 F(TI)s
FWD 148.021
163.184 1012.694 6046.805
NET 44.741
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

34
B. WATERLINE ~ 5.65

STA SM B/2 F(A)s Ls F(LM) Ls F(LI)s SM (B/2)3 F(TI)s

FP 0.5 0 0 5 0 5 0 0.5 0 0
1/2 2 2.614 5.228 4.5 23.525 4.5 105.863 2 17.859 35.719
1 1 4.042 4.042 4 16.166 4 64.664 1 66.013 66.013
1 1/2 2 5.144 10.289 3.5 36.011 3.5 126.038 2 136.146 272.292
2 1.5 5.963 8.944 3 26.832 3 80.495 1.5 211.986 317.979
3 4 6.605 26.420 2 52.839 2 105.678 4 288.137 1152.547
4 2 6.654 13.308 1 13.308 1 13.308 2 294.611 589.221
5 4 6.660 26.640 0 0.000 0 0.000 4 295.408 1181.633
6 2 6.660 13.320 1 13.320 1 13.320 2 295.408 590.817
7 4 6.660 26.640 2 53.280 2 106.560 4 295.408 1181.633
8 1.5 6.660 9.990 3 29.970 3 89.910 1.5 295.408 443.112
8 1/2 2 6.623 13.247 3.5 46.363 3.5 162.271 2 290.552 581.103
9 1 6.243 6.243 4 24.973 4 99.891 1 243.345 243.345
9 1/2 2 5.382 10.764 4.5 48.438 4.5 217.971 2 155.895 311.789
AP 0.5 3.639 1.820 5 9.098 5 45.490 0.5 48.197 24.098
1/2 F(A) 176.893 AFT 225.442 1/2 F(LI)s 1/2 F(TI)s 6991.301
FWD 168.681
1231.459
NET 56.761
HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION

36
IV. SUMMARY

WATERLINE 1.13

1. LCB = F(LM) / F(V) 222.361 / 1343.099 0.166 m


2. VCB = F(VM) / F(V) 910.123 / 1343.099 0.678 m
3. Volume (V) = Mean V x L 8.357 × 79.42 663.683 m3
4. Displacement in Salt Water = V / 0.975 663.683 / 0.975 680.700 m.ton
5. Displacement in Fresh Water = V / 1 663.683 / 1 663.683 m.ton
6. Area of Midship = 1/3 H x F(A)s x 2 + C. Fwd. 1/3 × 0.56 × 33.3 × 2 + 0 12.432 m2
7. AWP No. 1 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 133.241 × 2 705.429 m2
8. AWP No. 2 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 138.586 × 2 733.727 m2
9. TPCM No. 1 = AWP 1 / (100 x 0.975) 705.429 / 100 × 0.975 7.235 tons

HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION
10. TPCM No. 2 = AWP 2 / (100 x 0.975) 733.727 / 100 × 0.975 7.525 tons
11. Block Coefficient (CB) = V / L x B x H 663.683 / 79.42 × 13.32 × 1.13 0.555
12. Prismatic Coefficient (CP) = V / L x Area of Midship 663.683 / 79.42 × 12.432 0.672
37

13. Midship Coefficient (CM) = Area of Midship / (B x H) 12.432 / 13.32 × 1.13 0.826
14. Waterline Coefficient (CWL) = AWP NO. 2 / (L x B) 733.727 / 79.416 × 13.32 0.694
15. C.F. about Station 5 = [Net 1/2 F(LM) / 1/2F(A)] x S 43.944 / 138.586 × 7.94 2.518 m
16. IL about Station 5 = 1/3 x S x 2 x 1/2F(LI)
3
1/3 × 500.866 × 2 × 687.36 229516.99 m4
17. Correction IL = AWP NO. 2 x C.F. 2
733.727 × 6.341 4652.801 m4
18. IL of C.F. = IL - Correction IL 229517.0 - 4652.801 224864.18 m4
19. BML = IL / V 224864.18 / 663.683 338.813 m
20. MTCM = Displacement in SW x BML / 100 x L 680.70 × 338.813 / 100 × 79.42 29.041 T-m
21. Change of Displacement 1cm Trim = 100 x TPCM 2 x C.F. / L 100 × 7.525 × 2.518 / 79.42 23.862 tons
22. IT = 2/3 x S/3 x Sum 1/2 F(TI) 2/3 × 7.942 / 3 × 4666.55 8235.52 m4
23. BMT = IT / V 8235.52 / 663.683 12.409 m
24. KMT = VCB + BMT 0.678 + 12.409 13.086 m
25. KML = VCB + BML 0.678 + 338.813 339.490 m
WATERLINE 2.26

1. LCB = F(LM) / F(V) 263.657 / 3055.623 0.086 m


2. VCB = F(VM) / F(V) 3816.040 / 3055.623 1.249 m
3. Volume (V) = Mean V x L 19.013 × 79.42 1509.915 m3
4. Displacement in Salt Water = V / 0.975 1509.915 / 0.975 1548.631 m.ton
5. Displacement in Fresh Water = V / 1 1509.915 / 1 1509.915 m.ton
6. Area of Midship = 1/3 H x F(A)s x 2 + C. Fwd. 1/3 × 0.56 × 39.96 × 2 + 12.43 27.350 m2
7. AWP No. 1 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 142.804 × 2 756.058 m2
8. AWP No. 2 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 146.462 × 2 775.427 m2
9. TPCM No. 1 = AWP 1 / (100 x 0.975) 756.058 / 100 × 0.975 7.754 tons
10. TPCM No. 2 = AWP 2 / (100 x 0.975) 775.427 / 100 × 0.975 7.953 tons

HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION
11. Block Coefficient (CB) = V / L x B x H 1509.915 / 79.42 × 13.32 × 2.26 0.632
12. Prismatic Coefficient (CP) = V / L x Area of Midship 1509.915 / 79.42 × 27.350 0.695
13. Midship Coefficient (CM) = Area of Midship / (B x H) 27.350 / 13.32 × 2.26 0.909
38

14. Waterline Coefficient (CWL) = AWP NO. 2 / (L x B) 775.427 / 79.416 × 13.32 0.733
15. C.F. about Station 5 = [Net 1/2 F(LM) / 1/2F(A)] x S 43.364 / 146.462 × 7.94 2.351 m
16. IL about Station 5 = 1/3 x S x 2 x 1/2F(LI)
3
1/3 × 500.866 × 2 × 786.41135 262591.3 m4
17. Correction IL = AWP NO. 2 x C.F. 2
775.427 × 5.529 4287.056 m4
18. IL of C.F. = IL - Correction IL 262591.33 - 4287.056 258304.27 m4
19. BML = IL / V 258304.27 / 1509.915 171.072 m
20. MTCM = Displacement in SW x BML / 100 x L 1548.63 × 171.072 / 100 × 79.42 33.360 T-m
21. Change of Displacement 1cm Trim = 100 x TPCM 2 x C.F. / L 100 × 7.953 × 2.351 / 79.42 23.547 tons
22. IT = 2/3 x S/3 x Sum 1/2 F(TI) 2/3 × 7.942 / 3 × 5053.42 8918.26 m4
23. BMT = IT / V 8918.26 / 1509.915 5.906 m
24. KMT = VCB + BMT 1.249 + 5.906 7.155 m
25. KML = VCB + BML 1.249 + 171.072 172.321 m
WATERLINE 3.39

1. LCB = F(LM) / F(V) 254.847 / 4858.349 0.052 m


2. VCB = F(VM) / F(V) 8911.258 / 4858.349 1.834 m
3. Volume (V) = Mean V x L 30.230 × 79.42 2400.720 m3
4. Displacement in Salt Water = V / 0.975 2400.720 / 0.975 2462.277 m.ton
5. Displacement in Fresh Water = V / 1 2400.720 / 1 2400.720 m.ton
6. Area of Midship = 1/3 H x F(A)s x 2 + C. Fwd. 1/3 × 0.56 × 39.96 × 2 + 27.35 42.269 m2
7. AWP No. 1 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 150.223 × 2 795.341 m2
8. AWP No. 2 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 154.008 × 2 815.377 m2
9. TPCM No. 1 = AWP 1 / (100 x 0.975) 795.341 / 100 × 0.975 8.157 tons

HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION
10. TPCM No. 2 = AWP 2 / (100 x 0.975) 815.377 / 100 × 0.975 8.363 tons
11. Block Coefficient (CB) = V / L x B x H 2400.720 / 79.42 × 13.32 × 3.39 0.669
12. Prismatic Coefficient (CP) = V / L x Area of Midship 2400.720 / 79.42 × 42.269 0.715
39

13. Midship Coefficient (CM) = Area of Midship / (B x H) 42.269 / 13.32 × 3.39 0.936
14. Waterline Coefficient (CWL) = AWP NO. 2 / (L x B) 815.377 / 79.416 × 13.32 0.771
15. C.F. about Station 5 = [Net 1/2 F(LM) / 1/2F(A)] x S 42.181 / 154.008 × 7.94 2.175 m
16. IL about Station 5 = 1/3 x S x 2 x 1/2F(LI)
3
1/3 × 500.866 × 2 × 886.9004 296145.7 m4
17. Correction IL = AWP NO. 2 x C.F. 2
815.377 × 4.731 3857.723 m4
18. IL of C.F. = IL - Correction IL 296145.72 - 3857.723 292288.00 m4
19. BML = IL / V 292288.00 / 2400.720 121.750 m
20. MTCM = Displacement in SW x BML / 100 x L 2462.28 × 121.750 / 100 × 79.42 37.748 T-m
21. Change of Displacement 1cm Trim = 100 x TPCM 2 x C.F. / L 100 × 8.363 × 2.175 / 79.42 22.905 tons
22. IT = 2/3 x S/3 x Sum 1/2 F(TI) 2/3 × 7.942 / 3 × 5454.10 9625.39 m4
23. BMT = IT / V 9625.39 / 2400.720 4.009 m
24. KMT = VCB + BMT 1.834 + 4.009 5.844 m
25. KML = VCB + BML 1.834 + 121.750 123.584 m
WATERLINE 4.52

1. LCB = F(LM) / F(V) 259.364 / 6759.223 0.038 m


2. VCB = F(VM) / F(V) 16433.251 / 6759.223 2.431 m
3. Volume (V) = Mean V x L 42.057 × 79.42 3340.024 m3
4. Displacement in Salt Water = V / 0.975 3340.024 / 0.975 3425.665 m.ton
5. Displacement in Fresh Water = V / 1 3340.024 / 1 3340.024 m.ton
6. Area of Midship = 1/3 H x F(A)s x 2 + C. Fwd. 1/3 × 0.56 × 39.96 × 2 + 42.27 57.187 m2
7. AWP No. 1 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 158.311 × 2 838.162 m2
8. AWP No. 2 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 163.184 × 2 863.961 m2
9. TPCM No. 1 = AWP 1 / (100 x 0.975) 838.162 / 100 × 0.975 8.597 tons
10. TPCM No. 2 = AWP 2 / (100 x 0.975) 863.961 / 100 × 0.975 8.861 tons

HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION
11. Block Coefficient (CB) = V / L x B x H 3340.024 / 79.42 × 13.32 × 4.52 0.699
12. Prismatic Coefficient (CP) = V / L x Area of Midship 3340.024 / 79.42 × 57.187 0.735
13. Midship Coefficient (CM) = Area of Midship / (B x H) 57.187 / 13.32 × 4.52 0.950
40

14. Waterline Coefficient (CWL) = AWP NO. 2 / (L x B) 863.961 / 79.416 × 13.32 0.817
15. C.F. about Station 5 = [Net 1/2 F(LM) / 1/2F(A)] x S 44.741 / 163.184 × 7.94 2.177 m
16. IL about Station 5 = 1/3 x S x 2 x 1/2F(LI)
3
1/3 × 500.866 × 2 × 1012.6937 338149.5 m4
17. Correction IL = AWP NO. 2 x C.F. 2
863.961 × 4.741 4095.945 m4
18. IL of C.F. = IL - Correction IL 338149.47 - 4095.945 334053.53 m4
19. BML = IL / V 334053.53 / 3340.024 100.015 m
20. MTCM = Displacement in SW x BML / 100 x L 3425.67 × 100.015 / 100 × 79.42 43.142 T-m
21. Change of Displacement 1cm Trim = 100 x TPCM 2 x C.F. / L 100 × 8.861 × 2.177 / 79.42 24.295 tons
22. IT = 2/3 x S/3 x Sum 1/2 F(TI) 2/3 × 7.942 / 3 × 6046.81 10671.38 m4
23. BMT = IT / V 10671.38 / 3340.024 3.195 m
24. KMT = VCB + BMT 2.431 + 3.195 5.626 m
25. KML = VCB + BML 2.431 + 100.015 102.447 m
WATERLINE 5.65

1. LCB = F(LM) / F(V) 309.122 / 8799.065 0.035 m


2. VCB = F(VM) / F(V) 26814.545 / 8799.065 3.047 m
3. Volume (V) = Mean V x L 54.750 × 79.42 4347.998 m3
4. Displacement in Salt Water = V / 0.975 4347.998 / 0.975 4459.485 m.ton
5. Displacement in Fresh Water = V / 1 4347.998 / 1 4347.998 m.ton
6. Area of Midship = 1/3 H x F(A)s x 2 + C. Fwd. 1/3 × 0.56 × 39.96 × 2 + 57.19 72.106 m2
7. AWP No. 1 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 169.961 × 2 899.840 m2
8. AWP No. 2 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2 1/3 × 7.94 × 176.893 × 2 936.541 m2
9. TPCM No. 1 = AWP 1 / (100 x 0.975) 899.840 / 100 × 0.975 9.229 tons
/ ×

HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION
10. TPCM No. 2 = AWP 2 / (100 x 0.975) 936.541 100 0.975 9.606 tons
11. Block Coefficient (CB) = V / L x B x H 4347.998 / 79.42 × 13.32 × 5.65 0.728
12. Prismatic Coefficient (CP) = V / L x Area of Midship 4347.998 / 79.42 × 72.106 0.759
13. Midship Coefficient (CM) = Area of Midship / (B x H) 72.106 / 13.32 × 5.65 0.958
41

14. Waterline Coefficient (CWL) = AWP NO. 2 / (L x B) 936.541 / 79.416 × 13.32 0.885
15. C.F. about Station 5 = [Net 1/2 F(LM) / 1/2F(A)] x S 56.761 / 176.893 × 7.94 2.548 m
16. IL about Station 5 = 1/3 x S x 2 x 1/2F(LI)
3
1/3 × 500.866 × 2 × 1231.4593 411197.7 m4
17. Correction IL = AWP NO. 2 x C.F. 2
936.541 × 6.494 6081.652 m4
18. IL of C.F. = IL - Correction IL 411197.69 - 6081.652 405116.04 m4
19. BML = IL / V 405116.04 / 4347.998 93.173 m
20. MTCM = Displacement in SW x BML / 100 x L 4459.49 × 93.173 / 100 × 79.42 52.320 T-m
21. Change of Displacement 1cm Trim = 100 x TPCM 2 x C.F. / L 100 × 9.606 × 2.548 / 79.42 30.822 tons
22. IT = 2/3 x S/3 x Sum 1/2 F(TI) 2/3 × 7.942 / 3 × 6991.30 12338.23 m4
23. BMT = IT / V 12338.23 / 4347.998 2.838 m
24. KMT = VCB + BMT 3.047 + 2.838 5.885 m
25. KML = VCB + BML 3.047 + 93.173 96.220 m
1. LCB
2. VCB
3. Volume (V) = Mean V x L
4. Displacement in Salt Water
5. Displacement in Fresh Water
6. Area of Midship = 1/3 H x F(A)s x
7. AWP No. 1 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2
8. AWP No. 2 = 1/3 S x F(A) x 2
9. TPCM No. 1 = AWP 1 / (100 x 0.97
10. TPCM No. 2 = AWP 2 / (100 x 0.9
11. Block Coefficient (CB)
12. Prismatic Coefficient (CP)
13. Midship Coefficient (CM)
14. Waterline Coefficient (CWP)
15. C.F. about Station 5 = [Net 1/2 F
16. IL about Station 5 = 1/3 x S3 x 2
17. Correction IL = AWP NO. 2 x C.F
18. IL of C.F. = IL - Correction IL
19. BML = IL / V
20. MTCM
21. Change of Displacement 1cm T
22. IT = 2/3 x S/3 x Sum 1/2 F(TI)
23. BMT = IT / V
24. KMT
25. KML = VCB + BML
W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE W.LINE
1.13 2.26 3.39 4.52 5.65
0.166 0.086 0.052 0.038 0.035 0.3311 0.1726 0.1049 0.0767 0.0703
0.678 1.249 1.834 2.431 3.047 6.776292 12.48858 18.34215 24.31234 30.47431
L 663.683 1509.915 2400.720 3340.024 4347.998
Water 680.700 1548.631 2462.277 3425.665 4459.485
h Water 663.683 1509.915 2400.720 3340.024 4347.998 6.63683
H x F(A)s x 2 + C. Fwd. 12.432 27.350 42.269 57.187 72.106
A) x 2 705.429 756.058 795.341 838.162 899.840
A) x 2 733.727 775.427 815.377 863.961 936.541
(100 x 0.975) 7.235 7.754 8.157 8.597 9.229
/ (100 x 0.975) 7.525 7.953 8.363 8.861 9.606 25.08467 26.51034 27.87615 29.53713 32.01849
) 0.555 0.632 0.669 0.699 0.728 5.553 6.316 6.695 6.986 7.275
(CP) 0.672 0.695 0.715 0.735 0.759 6.722 6.952 7.152 7.354 7.593
C M) 0.826 0.909 0.936 0.950 0.958 8.260 9.086 9.361 9.499 9.582
(CWP) 0.694 0.733 0.771 0.817 0.885 6.937 7.331 7.708 8.168 8.854
= [Net 1/2 F(LM) / 1/2F(A)]2.518
xS 2.351 2.175 2.177 2.548 5.0364 4.7026 4.3503 4.3547 5.0966
1/3 x S x 2 x 1/2F(LI)
3 ### ### ### ### ###
NO. 2 x C.F.2 4652.801 4287.056 3857.723 4095.945 6081.652
tion IL ### ### ### ### ###
338.813 171.072 121.750 100.015 93.173
29.041 33.360 37.748 43.142 52.320 19.3605 22.2397 25.1656 28.7616 34.8800
ment 1cm Trim = 100 x TPCM23.862 23.547
2 x C.F. /L 22.905 24.295 30.822
/2 F(TI) 8235.516 8918.259 9625.386 ### ###
12.409 5.906 4.009 3.195 2.838
13.086 7.155 5.844 5.626 5.885
339.490 172.321 123.584 102.447 96.220
SCANTLING

CHAPTER 6
SCANTLING
SCANTLING

I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Length Overall (LOA) 85.37 m


Length Between Perpendiculars (LBP) 260.55 m
Breadth (B) 13.32 m
Depth (D) 6.83 m
Draft (d) 5.65 m
Block Coefficient (CB) 0.70 m

II. OTHER DATA

A. Scantling Length (L)


L = 96% < LOA < 97% m
= 0.965 × LOA m
= 0.965 × 85.37 m
L = 82.38 m

B. Volume Displacement (V)


V = 4347.998 m3

C. Block Coefficient (CB)

CB = 0.70

III. STANDARD AND SCANT FRAME SPACING


The standard frame spacing, s, amidships for vessel with transverse framing, may
be obtained from the following equations. In vessels of fine form or high power, a
closer spacing is to be considered within and adjacent to the peaks. The spacing of
cant frames is not to exceed the standard frame spacing.
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels 2014, 3-2-5/1.7 .

S = 2.08 L + 438 mm for L ≤ 270 m


= 2.08 (82.38) + 438 mm
= 171.35 + 438 mm
= 609.35 mm
S = 600 mm
SCANTLING

123
IV. SHELL PLATING

A. Side Shell Plating


The side shell plating is not to be less in thickness than that obtained fr
the following equation:
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length
2014, p.40, 3-2-2/5.1

Formula:
s√h
t = + 2.5 mm
268
where:
t = thickness, in mm
s = spacing of transverse frames or longitudinals, in mm.
h = depth, in m, as defined in 3-1-1/7,but not less than 0.1L or 1.18d,
whichever is greater
d = draft for scantlings, as defined in 3-1-1/9, or 0.066L, whichever
greater
L = length of the vessel, as defined in 3-1-1/3

Solution:
600 √ 6.83
t = + 2.5 mm
268
1568.06
= + 2.5 mm
268
= 5.85 + 2.5

t = 8.35 mm

USE 8 mm THICK PLATE

B. Bottom Shell Plating


The thickness of the bottom shell plating throughout is not to be less th
that obtained from the following equations:
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length
2014, p.39, 3-2-2/3.3

Formula:
s√h
t = + 2.5 mm
254
where:
t = thickness of bottom shell plating, in mm.
s = frame spacing, in mm.
h = depth, in m, as defined in 3-1-1/7,but not less than 0.1L or 1.18d,
whichever is greater
d = draft for scantlings, as defined in 3-1-1/9, or 0.066L, whichever
greater
SCANTLING

L = length of the vessel, as defined in 3-1-1/3

123
Solution:
600 √ 6.83
t = + 2.5 mm
254
1568.06
= + 2.5 mm
254
= 6.17 + 2.5

t = 8.67 mm

USE 9 mm THICK PLATE

C. Forecastle Side Plating


The thickness, t, of the plating is to be not less than obtained from the
following equation:
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.41, 3-2-2/5.7.1

Formula:
t = 0.038 × ( L + 30.8 ) + 0.006 s mm
where:
L = length of the vessel, as defined in 3-1-1/3
s = spacing of frames, in mm.

Solution:
t = 0.038 × ( 82.38+30.8 ) + 0.006 (600) mm
= 0.038 × 158.38 + 3.600 mm
t = 9.61844 mm
USE 10 mm THICK PLATE

D. Poop Side Plating


The thickness, t, of the plating is to be not less than obtained from the
following equations.
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.40, 3-2-2/5.7.2

Formula:
t = 0.0296 × ( L + 39.5 ) + 0.006 s mm
where:
L = length of the vessel, as defined in 3-1-1/3
s = spacing of frames, in mm.

Solution:
t = 0.0296 × (82.38 + 39.5) + 0.006 ( 600 ) mm
= 0.0296 × 121.88 + 3.60 mm
= 7.21 mm
USE 7 mm THICK PLATE
SCANTLING

123
E. Sheer Strake
The minimum width, b, of the sheer strake throughout the amidship 0.4 L
is to be obtained from the following equations:
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels 2014, 3-2-2/3.11 .

Formula:
b = 5L + 800 mm

where:
L = length of vessel, in m.

Solution:
b = 5 (82.38) + 800 mm
= 411.9 + 800 mm
b = 1211.9 mm

V. DECKS

A. Deck Plating
The thickness of plating on each deck is to be not less than the greater of
those obtained from the following equations.
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.44, 3-2-3/3

Exposed Freeboard Deck Having No Deck Below


REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.45, 3-2-3/3.1.1

h = 0.028 L + 1.08 m L = length of the vessel, as


= (0.028)(82.38)+ 1.08 m defined in 3-1-1/3
= 2.31 + 1.08
h = 3.39 m

Formula:
s√h
t = + 2.5 mm
254
where:
t = thickness, in mm
s = beam or longitudinal spacing, in mm
h = height, in m
= exposed freeboard deck having no deck below

Solution:
600 √ 3.39
t = + 2.5 mm
254
1104.717
= + 2.5 mm
254
SCANTLING

= 4.35 + 2.5

t = 6.85 mm

USE 7 mm THICK PLATE

B. Strength Decks within the Midship 0.8L (2002)


For vessels of length equal to or greater than 61 meters, the strength d
plating within the midship 0.8L shall meet the following requirement:
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.45, 3-2-3/3.3

Formula:
t = 0.009 s + 2.4 mm
where:
s = beam or longitudinal spacing, in mm

Solution:
t = 0.009 (600)+ 2.4 mm
= 5 + 2.4 mm
t = 7.80 mm
USE 8 mm THICK PLATE

VI. BOTTOM STRUCTURES

B. Center Girders

1. Thickness Amidships
The thickness of the center girder within the midship one-half length is
not to be less than that obtained from the following equation.
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.49, 3-2-4/1.3.1

Formula:
t = 0.056 L + 5.5 mm

where:
t = thickness, in mm
L = scantling length, in m

Solution:
t = 0.056 (82.38) + 5.5 mm
= 4.613 + 5.5 mm
t = 10.11 mm
USE 10 mm THICK PLATE

2. Thickness at Ends
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.49, 3-2-4/1.3.2
SCANTLING

The thickness of the center girder forward and aft of the midship one-
half length may be reduced to 85% of the girder thickness amidships.

3. Depth
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.50, 3-2-4/1.3.3

The depth of the center girder is not to be less than that obtained from
the following equation:

Formula:
hg = 32 B + 190 √d mm

where:
hg = depth, in mm
B = breadth of vessel, in m
d = draft for scantlings, in m.

Solution:
hg = 32 B + 190 √d mm
= 32 (13.32) + 190 √ 5.65 mm
= 426.24 + 536.75 mm
hg = 962.99 mm

B. Side Girders
Where the distance between the center girder and the side shell excee
4.57 m, intercoastal side girders are to be fitted approximately midway
between the center girder and the side shell. The minimum thickness of
the intercoastal side girders is not to be less than obtained from the
following equation.
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.50, 3-2-4/1.5

Formula:
t = 0.036 L + c mm
where:
t = thickness, in mm
L = length of vessel, in m
c = 4.7 mm

Solution:
t = 0.036 (82.38) + 4.7
= 2.97 + 4.7
t = 7.67 mm
USE 8 mm THICK PLATE

C. Solid Floors
The thickness of the solid floors is to be equal to the thickness of side
girders obtained in 3-2-4/1.5, except that for widely spaced floors in
association with longitudinal framing, c is to be taken as 6.2 mm.
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.50, 3-2-4/1.7
SCANTLING

Formula:
t = 0.036 L + c mm
where:
t = thickness, in mm
L = length of vessel, in m
c = 4.7 mm
Solution:
t = 0.036 (82.38) + 4.7
= 2.97 + 4.7
t = 7.67 mm
USE 8 mm THICK PLATE

D. Inner Bottom Plating


The thickness of the inner-bottom plating throughout the length of the
vessel is to be not less than obtained from the following equation. Where
applicable, the plating is to meet deep tank requirements.
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in
Length 2014, p.51, 3-2-4/1.13

Formula:
t = 0.037 L + 0.009 s + c mm

where:
t = thickness, in mm
L = scantling length, in m
s = frame spacing, in mm.
c = 1.5 mm, in engine space
0.5 mm, elsewhere

Solution:
t = 0.037 (82.38) + (0.009) (600) - 1.5 mm
= 3.05 + 5.40 - 1.5 mm
= 8.45 - 1.5 mm
t = 6.95
USE 7 mm THICK PLATE
SCANTLING

E. Inner-bottom Longitudinals X. Hull Streng


The section modulus of inner-bottom longitudinals, where constructed of
higher-strength material and in association with the higher-strength plati Formula:
to which they are attached, are to be determined as indicated in 3-2-4/1. SM
B
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length
2014, p.60, 3-2-4/9.5

SM = 7.8chsl 2
cm3 SM = ( 7.80 )( 0.72 )( 4.38 )( 0.60 )( 3.60 ) 2
SM = 189.95 cm3
c= 0.72
h= 4.38 m SM = ( 189.9 × 0.25 ) + 189.95
s= 0.60 m
SM = 237.43 cm3
l= 3.60 m

where:
c 0.72 with effective struts
=
h vertical distance, in m, from the middle of l to the deck at sideFormula:
=
s =
frame spacing, in m. SMB
l =
unsupported span between supporting members, in m. Where
brackets are fitted in accordance with 3-1-2/5.5 and are SMB
supported by bulkheads, inner-bottom, or side shell, the length
length, l, may be measured as permitted therein. NEUTRAL AX
Assumed Members: 170 × 90 × 10 mm. L
1
9 2
3
1.0
4
5
6
7
16.00 1.0 8

1
0.9
2
3
60
4
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io 5
9.00 x 1.00 9.00 17.50 157.50 2756.25 6
16.00 x 1.00 16.00 9.00 144.00 1296.00 341.33 7
60.00 x 0.90 54.00 0.45 24.30 10.94 8
79.00 325.80 4063.19
341.33
4404.52

Ad I = A (dg)2 NEUTRAL AX
dg =
A = 79 x 17.008
325.8 = 1343.62 1
=
79 2
Corr. I 3
dg = 4.12 SM =
C 4
SCANTLING

3061 5
=
Corr. I = 4404.5 - 1343.6 13.78 6
= 3060.9 greater than min. 7
SM = 222 cm3 6.9%
requirement

F. Bottom Longitudinals
The section modulus of bottom longitudinals, where constructed of highe 1
strength material and in association with the higher-strength plating to w 2
they are attached, are to be determined as indicated in 3-2-4/1.9 3
REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length 4
2014, p.60, 3-2-4/9.5 5
SM = 7.8chsl cm SM = ( 7.80 )( 0.72 )( 4.38 )( 0.60 )( 3.60 )
2 3 2
6
7
SM = 189.95 cm3
c = 0.72
h = 4.38 m SM = ( 189.9 × 0.25 ) + 189.95
s = 0.60 m
SM = 237.43 cm3
l = 3.60 m

where: above BASEL


c = 0.45 with effective struts above N.A
h = vertical distance, in m, from the middle of l to the deck at side GRAND TOT
s = frame spacing, in m.
l= unsupported span between supporting members, in m. Wher
dg
brackets are fitted in accordance with 3-1-2/5.5 and are
supported by bulkheads, inner-bottom, or side shell, the length
length, l, may be measured as permitted therein.
Assumed Members: 125 × 75 × 9 mm. L
dg
10

0.9 1/2 l

1/2(l)
16.60 0.9

TOP C

BOTTOM C
0.9
SM TOP
60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io SM BOTTOM
10.00 x 0.90 9.00 17.95 161.55 2899.82
16.60 x 0.90 14.94 9.20 137.45 1264.52 343.07
60.00 x 0.90 54.00 0.45 24.30 10.94
77.94 323.30 4175.28
343.07
4518.35

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
SCANTLING

dg =
A = 77.94 x 17.206
323.298 = 1341.05
=
77.94
Corr. I
= 4.15 SM =
C
3177
=
Corr. I = 4518.4 - 1341.1 14.25
= 3177.3 greater than min.
SM = 222.9 cm3 7%
requirement

VI. FRAMES

A. Hold Transverse Frame

REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels 2014, 3-2-5/1.7 .

bh1 45 s = 0.60
SM = sl2 h + 7 + cm3
30.00 l 3 h = 2.83
1.638 45 b = 0.63
= 4.15 2.83 + 7 + cm3
30.00 18 h1 = 2.60
l = 2.63
= 4.15 2.83 + 0.05 7 + 2.5 cm3

SM = 113.218

= 113.22 × 0.25 + 113.22

SM = 141.52 cm3
where:
s = frame spacing, in m.
h = vertical distance, in m. from the middle of l to the load line or
0.41l, whichever is greater.
b = horizontal distance from the outside of the frames to the first row
of deck supports.
h1 = vertical distance, in m. from the deck at the top of the frame to
the bulkhead

Assumed Members: 125 × 75 × 10 mm. L

7.5

1.0

11.60 1.0
SCANTLING

0.9

60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
7.50 x 1.00 7.50 13.10 98.25 1287.08
11.60 x 1.00 11.60 6.80 78.88 536.38 130.07
60.00 x 0.90 54.00 0.45 24.30 10.94
73.10 201.43 1834.39
130.07
1964.47

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 73.1 x 7.593
201.43 = 555.05
=
73.1
Corr. I
= 2.76 SM =
C
1409
=
Corr. I = 1964.5 - 555.0 10.74
= 1409.4 greater than min.
SM = 131.2 cm3 8%
requirement

B. Tween-deck Transverse Frame

REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels 2014, 3-2-5/1.7 .

45 s = 0.60
SM = 7 + sl2K
l3 l = 2.70
45 K = 1.34
= 7 + 5.87
19.7
= 7 + 2.286 5.87

SM = 54.524

= 54.52 × 0.25 + 54.52

SM = 68.15 cm3
where:
s = frame spacing, in m.
l = tween-deck height or unsupported span along the frame length,
whichever is greater.
K = factor appropriate to the length of vessel and type of tween
decks.
K = 0.022L - 0.47
= 0.02(82.38) - 0.47
= 1.81236 - 0.47
SCANTLING

K = 1.34

Assumed Members: 100 × 75 × 7 mm. L

7.5

0.7

9.10 0.7

0.9

60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
7.50 x 0.70 5.25 10.15 53.29 540.87
9.10 x 0.70 6.37 5.25 33.44 175.57 43.96
60.00 x 0.90 54.00 0.45 24.30 10.94
65.62 111.03 727.38
43.96
771.33

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 65.62 x 2.8629
111.03 = 187.86
=
65.62
Corr. I
= 1.69 SM =
C
583.5
=
Corr. I = 771.3 - 187.9 9.008
= 583.5 greater than min.
SM = 64.8 cm3 5%
requirement

VII. WEB FRAMES

A. Hold Web Frame

REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length, 2015
bh1 c = 1.5
SM = 4.74 csl2 h + cm3
45K s = 2.60
1.638 l = 3.25
= 195.102 2.83 + cm3
45 h = 2.83
b = 0.63
= 195.10 × 2.8614 h1 = 2.6
K = 1
= 558.265
SCANTLING

= 558.27 × 0.25 + 558.27

SM = 697.83 cm3

where:
c =
s = frame spacing, in m.
l = span, in m. at amidships from the line of the inner bottom to the
deck at the top of web frames.
h = vertical distance in m., from the middle of l to the load line; the
value of h is not to be less than 0.5l.
b = horizontal distance from the outside of the frames to the first row
of deck supports.
h1 = vertical distance in m., from the deck at the top of the frame to the bulkhead
K = number of transverse frame spaces between web frames where
the deck is transversely framed.

Assumed Members: 420 × 100 × 7 mm. L

10.0

0.7

41.3
0.7

0.8

150
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
10.00 x 0.70 7.00 42.35 296.45 12554.66
41.30 x 0.70 28.91 21.35 617.23 13177.83 4109.29
150.0 x 0.80 120.00 0.40 48.00 19.20
155.91 961.68 25751.69
4109.29
29860.98

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 155.9 x 38.046
961.679 = 5931.79
=
155.91
Corr. I
= 6.17 SM =
C
23929
=
Corr. I = 29861 - 5931.8 36.63
SCANTLING

= 23929.2 greater than min.


SM = 653.2 cm3 7%
requirement

B. Tween-deck Web Frame

REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length, 2015

bh1 c = 1.5
SM = 4.74 csl2 h + cm3
45K s = 2.50
1.638 l = 3.33
= 197.105 3.06 + cm3
45 h = 3.06
b = 0.63
= 197.11 × 3.0964 h1 = 2.6
K = 1
SM = 610.317

SM = 610.32 × 0.25 + 610.32

SM = 762.90 cm3
where:
c = 1.5
s = frame spacing, in m.
l = span, in m. at amidships from the line of the inner bottom to the
deck at the top of web frames.
h = vertical distance in m., from the middle of l to the load line; the
value of h is not to be less than 0.5l.
b = horizontal distance from the outside of the frames to the first row
of deck supports.
h1 = vertical distance in m., from the deck at the top of the frame to the bulkhead
K = number of transverse frame spaces between web frames where
the deck is transversely framed.

Assumed Members: 320 × 100 × 8 mm. L

9.0

0.8

31.2
0.8

0.8

60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
9.00 x 0.80 7.20 32.40 233.28 7558.27
SCANTLING

31.20 x 0.80 24.96 16.40 409.34 6713.24 2024.76


60.0 x 0.80 48.00 0.40 19.20 7.68
80.16 661.82 14279.19
2024.76
16303.95

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 80.16 x 68.166
661.824 = 5464.21
=
80.16
Corr. I
= 8.26 SM =
C
10840
=
Corr. I = 16303.9 - 5464.2 24.54
= 10839.7 greater than min.
SM = 441.7 cm3 73%
requirement

VIII. Beams

A. Deck Longitudinals

SM = 7.84chsl2 cm3 SM = ( 7.84 )( 1.12 )( 3.26 )( 0.60 )( 3.33 ) 2


SM = 190.45 cm3
c= 1.12
h= 3.26 m SM = ( 190.5 × 0.25 ) + 190.45
s= 0.60 m
SM = 238.07 cm3
l= 3.33 m

where:
c = 1/(1.709-0.651k) for longitudinal beams of strength decks and
effective lower decks.
h = height measured at the side of the vessel, of the cargo space
wherever stores or cargo may be carried.
greater.
s = spacing of beams, in m.
l = distance, in m. from the inner edge of the beam knee to the
nearest line of girder support or between girder supports,
whichever is greater.

Assumed Members: 140 × 90 × 10 mm. L

1.0

13.00 1.0
SCANTLING

0.9

60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
9.00 x 1.00 9.00 14.50 130.50 1892.25
13.00 x 1.00 13.00 7.50 97.50 731.25 183.08
60.00 x 0.90 54.00 0.45 24.30 10.94
76.00 252.30 2634.44
183.08
2817.52

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 76 x 11.021
252.3 = 837.57
=
76
Corr. I
dg = 3.32 SM =
C
1980
=
Corr. I = 2817.5 - 837.6 11.58
= 1979.9 greater than min.
SM = 171 cm3 39.2%
requirement

B. Tween Deck Longitudinals

SM = 7.84chsl2 cm3 SM = ( 7.84 )( 1.12 )( 3.26 )( 0.60 )( 3.33 ) 2


SM = 190.45 cm3
c= 1.12
h= 3.26 m SM = ( 190.5 × 0.25 ) + ###
s= 0.60 m
SM = 238.07 cm3
l= 3.33 m

where:
c = 1/(1.709-0.651k) for longitudinal beams of strength decks and
effective lower decks.
h = height measured at the side of the vessel, of the cargo space
wherever stores or cargo may be carried.
greater.
s = spacing of beams, in m.
l = distance, in m. from the inner edge of the beam knee to the
nearest line of girder support or between girder supports,
whichever is greater.

Assumed Members: 170 × 90 × 10 mm. L

1.0
SCANTLING

16.00 1.0

0.9

60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
9.00 x 1.00 9.00 17.50 157.50 2756.25
16.00 x 1.00 16.00 9.00 144.00 1296.00 341.33
60.00 x 0.90 54.00 0.45 24.30 10.94
79.00 325.80 4063.19
341.33
4404.52

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 79 x 17.008
325.8 = 1343.62
=
79
Corr. I
dg = 4.12 SM =
C
3061
=
Corr. I = 4404.5 - 1343.6 13.78
= 3060.9 greater than min.
SM = 222 cm3 7.1%
requirement

IX. Deck Girders & Transverses

A. Deck Transverse

REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length, 2015

SM = 4.74cbhl2 cm3 SM = ( 4.74 )( 1.00 )( 3.03 )( 2.60 )( 3.33 ) 2


SM = 413.40 cm3
c= 1.0
b= 3.03 m SM = ( 413.4 × 0.25 ) + ###
h= 2.60 m
SM = 516.74 cm3
l= 3.33 m

where:
c =
b = spacing of deck transverses, in m.
h = height for the beams supported, in m.
l = span between supporting girders or bulkheads, or between
girder and side frame, in m.

Assumed Members: 250 × 100 × 9 mm. L

10.0
SCANTLING

0.9

24.1
0.9

0.8

150
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
10.00 x 0.90 9.00 25.45 229.05 5829.32
24.10 x 0.90 21.69 12.95 280.89 3637.47 1049.81
150.0 x 0.80 120.00 0.40 48.00 19.20
150.69 557.94 9485.99
1049.81
10535.80

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 150.7 x 13.709
557.936 = 2065.78
=
150.69
Corr. I
= 3.70 SM =
C
8470
=
Corr. I = 10535.8 - 2065.8 22.1
= 8470.0 greater than min.
SM = 383.3 cm3 35%
requirement

A. Tween Deck Transverse

REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length, 2015

SM = 4.74cbhl2 cm3 SM = ( 4.74 )( 1.00 )( 3.03 )( 3.26 )( 3.33 ) 2


SM = 518.33 cm3
c= 1.00
b= 3.03 m SM = ( 518.3 × 0.25 ) + ###
h= 3.26 m
SM = 647.92 cm3
l= 3.33 m

where:
c =
b = spacing of deck transverses, in m.
h = height for the beams supported, in m.
l = span between supporting girders or bulkheads, or between
girder and side frame, in m.

Assumed Members: 300 × 100 × 9 mm. L


SCANTLING

10.0

0.9

29.1
0.9

0.8

60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
10.00 x 0.90 9.00 30.45 274.05 8344.82
29.10 x 0.90 26.19 15.45 404.64 6251.62 1848.16
60.0 x 0.80 48.00 0.40 19.20 7.68
83.19 697.89 14604.12
1848.16
16452.28

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 83.19 x 70.376
697.886 = 5854.60
=
83.19
Corr. I
= 8.39 SM =
C
10598
=
Corr. I = 16452.3 - 5854.6 22.41
= 10597.7 greater than min.
SM = 472.9 cm3 37%
requirement

C. Deck Girders

REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length, 2015

SM = 4.74cbhl2 cm3 SM = ( 4.74 )( 1.00 )( 2.17 )( 2.60 )( 3.33 ) 2


SM = 296.55 cm3
c= 1.0
b= 2.17 m SM = ( 296.6 × 0.25 ) + ###
h= 2.60 m
SM = 370.69 cm3
l= 3.33 m

where:
c = 1.00
b = mean breadth of the area of deck supported, in m.
h = height for the beams supported, in m.
l = span between centers of supporting pillars, or between pillars
and bulkhead, in m.
SCANTLING

Assumed Members: 250 × 100 × 9 mm. L

10

0.9

24.1
0.9

0.8

60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
10.00 x 0.90 9.00 25.45 229.05 5829.32
24.10 x 0.90 21.69 12.95 280.89 3637.47 1049.81
60.0 x 0.80 48.00 0.40 19.20 7.68
78.69 529.14 9474.47
1049.81
10524.28

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 78.69 x 45.216
529.136 = 3558.07
=
78.69
Corr. I
= 6.72 SM =
C
6966
=
Corr. I = 10524.3 - 3558.1 19.08
= 6966.2 greater than min.
SM = 365.2 cm3 2%
requirement

C. Tween Deck Girders

REFERENCE: ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 90m in Length, 2015

SM = 4.74cbhl2 cm3 SM = ( 4.74 )( 1.00 )( 2.17 )( 3.26 )( 3.33 ) 2


SM = 371.83 cm3
c= 1.00
b= 2.17 m SM = ( 371.8 × 0.25 ) + ###
h= 3.26 m
SM = 464.79 cm3
l= 3.33 m

where:
c = 1
b = mean breadth of the area of deck supported, in m.
h = height for the beams supported, in m.
SCANTLING

l = span between centers of supporting pillars, or between pillars


and bulkhead, in m.

Assumed Members: 250 × 125 × 9 mm. L

12.5

0.9

24.1
0.9

0.8

60
Members in cm. Area d (height) Ad Ad2 Io
12.50 x 0.90 11.25 25.45 286.31 7286.65
24.10 x 0.90 21.69 12.95 280.89 3637.47 1049.81
60.0 x 0.80 48.00 0.40 19.20 7.68
80.94 586.40 10931.80
1049.81
11981.61

Ad I = A (dg)2
dg =
A = 80.94 x 52.488
586.398 = 4248.36
=
80.94
Corr. I
= 7.24 SM =
C
7733
=
Corr. I = 11981.6 - 4248.4 18.56
= 7733.3 greater than min.
SM = 416.8 cm3 12%
requirement
SCANTLING

X. Hull Strength

Formula:
= C1 × C2 × L2 × B ( CB + 0.7 ) m-cm2
where:
C1 = 0.0451L + 3.65 = 7.5002
C2 = 0.01 (0.01, 0.000144) = 0.01
L = length of vessel = 82.38
B = breadth of vessel = 13.32
CB = block coefficient at design draft, = 0.70
based on the length, L measured on
the design load waterline.
= CB is not to be taken as less than 0.60

Formula:
= 7.5002 × 0.01 × 6786.8 × 13.32 ( 0.70 + 0.7 ) m-cm2
= 6779.9 × 1.40
= 9491.8 m-cm2

NEUTRAL AXIS: 3.42 m ABOVE BASELINE


MEMBER NO. SCANTLING AREA
Bottom Plate 1 515 × 0.9 446.68
Inner Bottom Pl. 1 657 × 0.7 456.49
Side Shell Pl. 1 191 × 0.8 159.50
Bilge Plating 1 237 × 0.9 205.56
Bottom Girder 0.5 100 × 1.0 50.57
Side Girder 1 100 × 0.8 76.66
Bottom Long'ls 8 12.5 × 7.5 × 0.9 675.00
Inner Bottom Long'ls 9 17 × 9 × 1 1377.00
3447.457383

MEMBER dn A (dn) A (dn2) IO


Bottom Plate 3.37 1503.09 5057.89
Inner Bottom Pl. 2.416 1102.87 2664.54
Side Shell Pl. 0.955 152.33 145.47 5.8188
Bilge Plating 2.97 610.52 1813.23
Bottom Girder 3.42 172.94 591.44 1.0113
Side Girder 3.42 262.17 896.61 0.7666
Bottom Long'ls 3.27 2207.25 7217.71
Inner Bottom Long'ls 2.57 3538.89 9094.95
9550.05 27481.84 7.5967
7.5967341884
27489.44

NEUTRAL AXIS: 3.42 m above NEUTRAL AXIS


MEMBER NO. SCANTLING AREA
Side Shell Plating 1 342 × 0.8 285.60
Deck Plating 1 313 × 0.68 214.38
Tween-deck Plating 1 313 × 0.8 244.14
Deck Longitudinal 4 14 × 9 × 1 504.00
SCANTLING

Tween-deck Long'ls 4 17 × 9 × 1 612.00


Deck Girder 1 25 × 10 × 0.9 225.00
Tween deck Girder 1 25 × 12.5 × 0.9 281.25
2366.38

MEMBER dn A (dn) A (dn2) IO


Side Shell Plating 1.71 488.38 835.13 33.405
Deck Plating 3.42 733.19 2507.50
Tween-deck Plating 0.85 207.52 176.39
Deck Longitudinal 3.27 1648.08 5389.22
Tween-deck Long'ls 0.7 428.40 299.88
Deck Girder 3.12 702.00 2190.24
Tween deck Girder 0.51 143.44 73.15
4351.01 11471.52 33.405
33.4052323494
11504.92502332

Area A (dn) A (dn2)


above BASELINE 3447.46 9550.05 27489.44
above N.A. 2366.38 4351.01 11504.93
GRAND TOTAL: 5813.83 13901.05 38994.36

A(dn) - A(dn)
= I correction = A(dg2)
A
9550.0 - 4351
= 5813.83 × 0.7997
5813.83 =
= 0.89 m I correction = 4649.26

= A(dn2) - I correction I total = 1/2 (l) × 2

= 38994 - 4649.2600297 = 34345.1

= 34345.1

TOP C = 4.31 - 0.8942535221 = 3.42

BOTTOM C = 2.53 + 0.8942535221 = 3.42

SM TOP = 34345.103093 / 3.42 = 10042.427805 m-cm2

SM BOTTOM = 34345.103093 / 3.42 = 10042.427805 m-cm2


SCANTLING

f the frame to the bulkhead.


SCANTLING

f the frame to the bulkhead.


POWERING

CHAPTER 6
POWERING
POWERING

HORSE POWER COMPUTATION

I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Length Between Perpendiculars (LBP) 260.55 ft


Breadth (B) 43.70 ft
Draft (d) 18.53 ft
Displacement (r) 4217.14 long ton
Block Coefficient (CB) 0.70
Midship Coefficient (CM) 0.98
Prismatic Coefficient (CP) 0.71
Speed 15.00 knots
r/ (L / 100)3 238.42
√L 16.14
V/√L 0.93
B/d 2.36

1.09
II. AREA OF MIDSHIP

AM = B × d × CM
= 43.70 × 18.53 × 0.98
AM = 795.94927 ft 2

III. WETTED SURFACE COEFFICIENT (c)


REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships. Figure 20 - Contours of wetted
surface coefficient. Secs 24 - 25, page 22.

(c) = 15.2

IV. EFFECTIVE HORSEPOWER FACTOR (a)


REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships, page 63.

(a) = 0.00307 × r × √L
= 0.00307 × 4217.14 × 16.14
(a) = 208.9792

V. WETTED SURFACE CORRECTION FACTOR

W.F. = (c) / 15.4


= 15.2 / 15.4
W.F. = 0.987013

VI. LENGTH CORRECTION FACTOR (L)


REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships; Table V. - Tideman's frictional
constants for ship in salt water, p. 34.
POWERING

f(ship) 500 0.085


L= ×
L0.085 f500 ship

where:
f500 = 0.009035
f(ship) = x

Interpolation:

250 = 0.009325
10.55 x
50 260.55 = x 0.000095
300 = 0.00923

x 0.000095
=
10.55 50

x = 0.000095 × 10.55
50

x = 0.000020
= 0.009325 - 0.000020
0.00 = 0.009305

0.009305 1.6959
L= ×
1.60 0.009035
= 0.005799 × 187.7087

L= 1.08855
VII. FINAL Rf / r CORRECTION FACTOR (b)
REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships, p. 63.

(c)
(b) = × L
15.4
15.2
= × 1.088548
15.4
(b) = 1.0744112

VIII. WEATHER AND APPENDAGE ALLOWANCE

W.A. = 15%
A.A. = 5%
= 1 + 0.15 + 0.05
W.A.A. = 1.2

IX. PROPULSIVE COEFFICIENT


POWERING

1. HULL EFFICIENCY (eh)

( 1 - t ) note:
eh =
( 1 - w ) t = thrust
deduction
where: w = wake
CB = 0.70 fraction

w= 0.5 ( CB ) - 0.05
0.5 0.70 - 0.05
w= 0.300

t = 0.5w to 0.7w for single screw


(REFERENCE: Modern Marine Engineering's Manual)

t= 0.6w
0.5 × 0.300
t= 0.150
therefore:
1 - 0.150
eh =
1 - 0.300
eh = 1.214

2. PROPELLER EFFICIENCY (ep)

ep = ranges from 35% to 75%


ep = 0.58 use

3. RELATIVE ROTATIVE EFFICIENCY (err)

err = 1.1 use


(REFERENCE: Revised Principles of Naval Architecture,
p. 390)

4. TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY (et)

1 where:
et =
T.C. T.C. = 1.030
1 for single
1.03 screw

et = 0.971

5. MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY (em)

em = ranges from 0.90 to 0.95


em = 0.9 use

PROPULSIVE COEFFICIENT

P.C. = eh × ep × err × et × em
POWERING

= 1.2142855 × 0.58 × 1.1 × 0.9708738 × 0.9


P.C. = 0.677

The Effective Horsepower (EHP) and the Break Horsepower (BHP) can be
obtain from the Horsepower table. With the given V/√L of 0.89, the EHP and BHP
can be
determined
.

XI. EFFECTIVE HORSEPOWER (EHP)

Interpolation for Effective Horsepower (EHP)

V/√L EHP
0.95 4204.86
0.02 x
0.05 0.93 x 1592.02
0.90 2612.84

x 1592.0173
= EHP = 4204.8575 – 659.83379
0.02 0.05
x = 659.83379 EHP = 3545.0238 hp

XI. BRAKE HORSEPOWER (BHP)

Interpolation for Brake Horsepower (BHP)

V / √L BHP
0.95 6211.61
0.02 x
0.05 0.93 x 2351.80
0.90 3859.81

x 2351.8034
= BHP = 6211.61 – 974.7377
0.02 0.05
x = 974.7377 BHP = 5236.8769 hp

V / √L EHP BHP
0.93 3545.0238 5236.8769

5236.8769 5236.8769
em loss 5% =
100 - 5 0.95
BHP = 5512.502

5236.8769 5236.8769
em loss 5% =
100 - 10 0.92
BHP = 5692.2575

Select engine between 5512.502 hp and 5692.25750024 hp


POWERING

Select engine between 5512.502 hp and 5692.25750024 hp

Engine Selected:

bkW =
RPM =
BHP = hp
Gear Reduction Ratio =
POWERING
POWERING

Deadweight Coefficient (CD) 0.70


Waterplane Coefficient (CWP) 0.80
Area of Waterplane (AWP) 845.87
POWERING

X. HORSE POWER TABLE

REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships, Table III-A, page 63. 0.93
1.08855
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

� �/ � �/ � / � �/


from from � correct- from
� �/
contours contours �/𝐇Difference contours
�/(√𝐋) ion for
for for col. 2 − for 500' col. 6
�/𝐇=𝟑.𝟕� �/𝐇=𝟐.𝟐� col. 5 × col. 3 ship and × (b)
(�/𝐇−𝟐.𝟐�)/𝟏�� W.S.
coef. 15.4

0.9 6.70 5.90 0.09 0.80 5.20 5.59


0.95 10.80 10.70 0.72 0.10 5.80 6.23
1.00 22.00 17.80 0.02 4.20 6.40 6.88
1.05 29.00 26.00 0.02 3.00 6.90 7.41
1.10 35.60 32.00 0.02 3.60 7.60 8.17
.
8 9 10 11 12 13 14

EHP
� �/ � �/ EHP TOTAL BHP
EHP
FACTOR V col. 11 × TOTAL
col. 3 + col. 7 + col.1 × col. 9 × col. 1 ( 1 + A. col. 13 ÷
col. 4 col. 8 (a) col. 10 × √L All + W. PC
All )

5.99 11.58 188.08 2177.37 14.53 2612.84 3859.81


11.42 17.65 198.53 3504.05 15.33 4204.86 6211.61
17.82 24.69 208.98 5160.39 16.14 6192.47 9147.81
26.02 33.44 219.43 7337.10 16.95 8804.52 13006.46
32.02 40.19 229.88 9237.72 17.76 11085.27 16375.68
POWERING

0.70
0.80
845.87
CHAPTER 6

Propeller Design
PROPELLER DESIGN

I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Brake Horsepower BHP 0 hp


Revolution per Minute RPM rpm
Block Coefficient CB 0.70
Speed V 15 knots
Material for Propeller
Type of Screw Single Screw

DHP ranges:
The developed horsepower (DHP) shall not be less than 85%
and not greater than 90% of BHP(MCR).

85%
0 × 0.85 = 0 hp

90%
0 × 0.90 = 0 hp

II. PROPELLER CALCULATION

1.) SHAFT HORSEPOWER

SHP = em × BHP where:


= 0.9 × 0 em = 0.9
SHP = 0 hp

2.)DEVELOPED HORSEPOWER (DHP)

DHP = et × SHP where:


= 0.971 × 0 et = 0.971
DHP = 0 hp

3.)PROPELLER RPM (Ns)


1∕3
RPM × DHP where:
Ns = 1∕3
SHP RPM = 0.000 hp
1∕3
1∕3
0.000 × 0 DHP = 0 hp
= 1∕3
0 SHP = 0 hp
0 × 0
=
0
Ns = #DIV/0! rpm

4.) PROPELLER'S SPEED OF ADVANCE OF (Va)

Va = Vs ( 1 – w ) where:
= 15 ( 1 – 0.3 ) Vs = 15
Va = 10.5 knots CB = 0.70
w = wake fraction
= 0.5 (CB) - 0.05
w= 0.3

For propeller to be designed based on the Developed Horsepower


(DHP), the use of Bp Series Propeller Chart is required.

For Single Screw Ship: 4 Bladed Propeller where:


Ns = #DIV/0! rpm
0.5
Ns× DHP DHP = 0.00 hp
Bp4 = 2.5
Va Va = 10.5 knots
0.5
#DIV/0! × 0.00
= 2.5
10.5
#DIV/0! × 0.00
=
357.25
Bp4 = #DIV/0!

From Bp Series Propeller Chart


REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships, Figure 281, page 289 .

No. of Blades =
M.W.R. =
B.T.F =

with Bp4 = #DIV/0!

delta (diameter constant) =


a ( pitch ratio ) =
efficiency =

5.) PROPELLER DIAMETER (dp)


delta × Va where:
dp =
Ns delta = 0
0 × 10.50 Va = 10.50 knots
=
#DIV/0! Ns = #DIV/0! rpm
dp = #DIV/0! ft. #DIV/0! m

6.) PROPELLER PITCH (P)

P = dp × a where:
= #DIV/0! × 0 dp = #DIV/0! ft.
P = #DIV/0! ft. #DIV/0! m a= 0

7.) TRUE SLIP (St)

P × Ns – 101.33 × Va
St =
P × Ns

#DIV/0! × #DIV/0! – 101.33 × 10.5


=
#DIV/0! × #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! – #VALUE!
St =
#DIV/0!
St = #DIV/0!

where:
P = #DIV/0! ft
Ns = #DIV/0! rpm
Va = 10.5 knots

8.) CAVITATION CONSTANT


The point where cavitation of the propeller will be noted to begin is a 5.7C
according to Captain E.F. Eggerts:

5.7 c = 0.46 – 0.74 × b where:


= 0.46 – 0.74 × 0 b = M.W.R.
= 0.46 – 0 = 0
5.7 c = 0.46

9.) ATMOSPHERIC HEAD (h)

dp
h = 33 + draft – + blade clearance
2
#DIV/0!
= 33 + 18.53 – + #DIV/0!
= 33 + 18.53 – + #DIV/0!
2
= 33 + 0.08 – #DIV/0!

= 33 + #DIV/0!

h = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

where:
draft = 18.53 ft.
dp = #DIV/0! ft.
blade clearance = 0.08 × dp
= 0.08 × #DIV/0!
blade clearance = #DIV/0!

10.) TEST FOR CAVITATION (RPMC)


The critical RPM of the design propeller RPMC shall be more than the RPM
at 100% MCR.

60 h 7.3 1 + 4b
RPMC =
dp

11.) STRENGTH OF THE PROPELLER BLADE AT ROOTS


The compressive stress of the propeller must be between 5000 psia to 6000 psia

X1
Sc =
Y1

C1 × P1
X1 =
Ns × dp3
0.00 × 0
=
#DIV/0! × #DIV/0! 3
0
=
#DIV/0!
X1 = #DIV/0!
where:
C1 = 0.00
REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships, Figure 161, page 138 .

P1 = DHP ÷ no. of blades


= 0 ÷ 4
P1 = 0

Ns = #DIV/0! rpm
dp = #DIV/0! ft.

Y1 = 2/3 × M.W.R. × B.T.F.2 where:


2
= 2/3 × 0.00 × 0 M.W.R. = 0.00
Y1 = 0 B.T.F. = 0

X1
Sc =
Y1
#DIV/0!
=
0
Sc = #DIV/0! psia

12.) CAVITATION CHECKED FOR BURIAL BASED ON PROPELLER THRUST


( T / PBA )

THP = DHP × ep where:


= 0.00 × 0.58 DHP = 0.00 hp
THP = 0 hp ep = 0.58

THP × 33000 where:


T =
Va × 101.33 THP = 0.00 hp
0.00 × 33000 Va = 10.5 knots
=
10.5 × 101.33
0
=
1063.965
T = 0

PBA = 0.4267 – 0.0916 a no. of blades × dp2 2 × M.W.R.× 144


= 0.4267 – 0.0916 ### 0 × #DIV/0! × 0 × 144
= 0.4267 – 0 0 × #DIV/0! × 0 × 144
= 0.4267 × #DIV/0! × 144
PBA = #DIV/0! psia

where:
a= 0.00
no. of blades = 0
dp = #DIV/0! ft
M.W.R. = 0

T
CAVITATION =
PBA
0
=
#DIV/0!
CAVITATION = #DIV/0! psia

III. BLADE AREA CALCULATION

1.) MEAN WIDTH OF BLADE

Mean Width = M.W.R. × dp where:


= 0.00 × #DIV/0! M.W.R. = 0.00 0
Mean Width = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m dp = #DIV/0! ft.

2.) MAXIMUM WIDTH OF BLADE

mean width of blade


Maximum Width =
0.842
#DIV/0!
=
0.842
Maximum Width = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

3.) DISC AREA (Ao)

π × dp2 where:
Ao =
no. of blades π= 3.14
2
3.14 × #DIV/0! dp = #DIV/0! ft.
=
0 no. of blades = 0
#DIV/0!
=
0
Ao = #DIV/0! ft2 #DIV/0! m2
4.) DEVELOPED BLADE AREA (Ad)

Ad = 0.4 × dp2 × M.W.R. × no. of blades


2
= 0.4 × 0.00 × 0 × 0
= 0.4 × 0.00 × 0 × 0
Ad = 0 ft2 0 m2

where:
dp = 0.00 ft
M.W.R. = 0
no. of blades = 0

5.) DEVELOPED AREA RATIO (DAR)

Ad where:
DAR =
Ao Ad = 0.00 ft2
0.00 Ao = #DIV/0! ft2
=
#DIV/0!

DAR = #DIV/0!

6.) PROJECTED BLADE AREA (Ap)

Ap = 0.4267 – 0.0916 a no. of blades × dp2 2 × M.W.R.


= 0.4267 – 0.0916 ### 0 × #DIV/0! × 0
= 0.4267 – 0 0 × #DIV/0! × 0
= 0.4267 × #DIV/0!
Ap = #DIV/0! ft2 #DIV/0! m2

where:
a= 0.00
no. of blades = 0
dp = #DIV/0! ft
M.W.R. = 0

7.) PROJECTED AREA RATIO (PAR)

Ap where:
PAR =
Ad Ap = #DIV/0! ft2
#DIV/0! Ad = 0 ft2
=
0
PAR = #DIV/0!
8.) THICKNESS OF PROPELLER BLADE AT TIPS

t = 0.04 × dp + 0.1
= #VALUE! + 0.1
t = #VALUE! in #VALUE! m

9.) THICKNESS OF PROPELLER BLADE AT ROOTS

t = B.T.F. × dp where:
= 0.00 × #DIV/0! B.T.F. = 0.00
t = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m dp = #DIV/0! ft

10.) PITCH POINT

D where:
Pitch =
π × 2 D (pitch) = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! π = 3.1416 ft
=
3.1416 × 2
#DIV/0!
=
6.2832
Pitch = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

11.) LENGTH OF PROPELLER HUB (Lh)

Lh = 1/5 × dp where:
= 1/5 × #DIV/0! dp = #DIV/0! ft
Lh = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

12.) HUB DIAMETER

= 0.2 × dp where:
= 0.2 × #DIV/0! dp = #DIV/0! ft
= #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

STATION ORDINATE SM F(A)


0.2R 0.864 1 0.864
0.3R 1.028 4 4.112
0.4R 1.175 2 2.35
0.5R 1.282 4 5.128
0.6R 1.354 2 2.708
0.7R 1.378 4 5.512
0.8R 1.323 2 2.646
0.9R 1.126 4 4.504
1.0R 0.000 1 0
Ʃ 27.824

Area = 1/3 × s × Ʃ F(A) where:


= 1/3 × 0.00 × 27.824 s= 0.00 ft
= 0 m2
wake fraction
0.5 (CB) - 0.05

rpm

knots
knots
rpm
PELLER THRUST

knots

× 144
× 144
× 144
SHAFTING CALCULATION

I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Brake Horsepower BHP 0 hp


Revolution per Minute RPM 0 rpm

II. LINE AND THRUST SHAFT


Formula:
1/3
H
d = C
R
where:
d = shaft diameter
H = brake horsepower at rated speed
= 0 hp
R = rpm at rated speed
= 0 rpm
C = constant for ocean going vessel
= 3504 in
Solution: 1/3
0
d = 3504
0
1/3
= 3504 × #DIV/0!

= 3504 × #DIV/0!
in
d = #DIV/0! #DIV/0! cm

III. TAIL SHAFT

Formula:
T = 1.236 × d
where:
d = shaft diameter

Solution:
T = 1.236 × #DIV/0!

T = #DIV/0! in #DIV/0! cm
IV. PROPELLER END BEARING

1.) Water lubrication bearing is four times the required tail shaft diameter:

Formula:
Lb = T × 4
where:
T = tail shaft
= #DIV/0!

Solution:
Lb = #DIV/0! × 4

Lb = #DIV/0! in #DIV/0! cm

2.) Oil lined bearings should not be less than two times shaft diameter:

Formula:
Lb = T × 2
where:
T = tail shaft
= #DIV/0!

Solution:
Lb = #DIV/0! × 2

Lb = #DIV/0! in #DIV/0! cm

3.) Tail Shaft Liner:

Formula:
T
Thickness = + 0.2 in
25
where:
T = tail shaft
= #DIV/0!

Solution:
#DIV/0!
Thickness = + 0.2 in
25
= #DIV/0! + 0.2 in

Thickness = #DIV/0! in #DIV/0! cm

RUDDER DESIGN

I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Length Between Perpendiculars LBP 260.55 ft


Breadth B 43.70 ft
Draft d 18.53 ft
Displacement r 4217.14 m ton
Volume of Displacement s 147657.46 ft3
Block Coefficient CB 0.70
Prismatic Coefficient CP 0.71
Speed 15.00 knots

II. AREA OF RUDDER (Ar)


REFERENCE: Principle of Naval Architecture, Volume II, by Henry E. Rossel and Lawrence
B. Chapman, page 224.

Formula:
Ar = 0.018 × L × H
where:
L = 260.55 ft
H = 18.53 ft

Solution:
Ar = 0.018 × 260.55 × 18.53

Ar = 86.92 ft2 8.08 m2

III. APPROXIMATE TURNING SPEED (Vg)


REFERENCE: Principle of Naval Architecture, Volume II, by Henry E. Rossel and Lawrence
B. Chapman, page 199.
Formula:
alpha A
Vg = Vs 1 – ×
Vg = Vs 1 – ×
Ks S

where:
Vg = the constant turning speed.
= The speed of the vessel
Vs
= 15.00
A = the area of the rudder in ft2
= 86.92
REFERENCE: Theoretical of Naval Architecture, page 422.

S = the area of the centerline plane in ft2


= L × H
= 260.55 × 18.53
S = 4829.08 ft2
alpha = the rudder angle in degrees.
= 35°
Ks = the coefficient which varies with V/SL as given in
the table below.
147657.46
volume/SL =
4829.08 × 260.55
147657.46
=
1258220
volume/SL = 0.117354

Ks =

REFERENCE: PNA Vol. II page 199.


V/SL Ks V/SL Ks
0.04 4.25 0.1 2.27
0.05 3.77 0.11 2.13
0.06 3.33 0.12 2.02
0.07 2.97 0.13 1.94
0.08 2.68 0.14 1.88
0.09 2.45 0.15 1.83
PROPELLER

CHAPTER 6
Propeller Design
PROPELLER

PROPELLER DESIGN

I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Brake Horsepower BHP 0 hp


Revolution per Minute RPM rpm
Block Coefficient CB 0.70
Speed V 15 knots
Material for Propeller
Type of Screw Single Screw

DHP ranges:
The developed horsepower (DHP) shall not be less than 85%
and not greater than 90% of BHP(MCR).

85%
0 × 0.85 = 0 hp

90%
0 × 0.90 = 0 hp

II. PROPELLER CALCULATION

1.) SHAFT HORSEPOWER

SHP = em × BHP where:


= 0.9 × 0 em = 0.9
SHP = 0 hp

2.)DEVELOPED HORSEPOWER (DHP)

DHP = et × SHP where:


= 0.971 × 0 et = 0.971
DHP = 0 hp

3.)PROPELLER RPM (Ns)


1∕3
RPM × DHP where:
Ns =
SHP 1∕3 RPM = 0.000 hp
1∕3
0.000 × 0 DHP = 0 hp
=
0 1∕3 SHP = 0 hp
0 × 0
=
PROPELLER

=
0
Ns = #DIV/0! rpm

4.) PROPELLER'S SPEED OF ADVANCE OF (Va)

Va = Vs ( 1 – w ) where:
= 15 ( 1 – 0.3 ) Vs = 15
Va = 10.5 knots CB = 0.70
w = wake fraction
= 0.5 (CB) - 0.05
w= 0.3

For propeller to be designed based on the Developed Horsepower


(DHP), the use of Bp Series Propeller Chart is required.

For Single Screw Ship: 4 Bladed Propeller where:


Ns = #DIV/0! rpm
0.5
Ns× DHP DHP = 0.00 hp
Bp4 = 2.5
Va Va = 10.5 knots
0.5
#DIV/0! × 0.00
= 2.5
10.5
#DIV/0! × 0.00
=
357.25
Bp4 = #DIV/0!

From Bp Series Propeller Chart


REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships, Figure 281, page 289 .

No. of Blades =
M.W.R. =
B.T.F =

with Bp4 = #DIV/0!

delta (diameter constant) =


a ( pitch ratio ) =
efficiency =

5.) PROPELLER DIAMETER (dp)

delta × Va where:
dp =
Ns delta = 0
0 × 10.50 Va = 10.50 knots
=
#DIV/0! Ns = #DIV/0! rpm
dp = #DIV/0! ft. #DIV/0! m
PROPELLER

dp = #DIV/0! ft. #DIV/0! m

6.) PROPELLER PITCH (P)

P = dp × a where:
= #DIV/0! × 0 dp = #DIV/0! ft.
P = #DIV/0! ft. #DIV/0! m a= 0

7.) TRUE SLIP (St)

P × Ns – 101.33 × Va
St =
P × Ns

#DIV/0! × #DIV/0! – 101.33 × 10.5


=
#DIV/0! × #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! – #VALUE!
St =
#DIV/0!
St = #DIV/0!

where:
P = #DIV/0! ft
Ns = #DIV/0! rpm
Va = 10.5 knots

8.) CAVITATION CONSTANT


The point where cavitation of the propeller will be noted to begin is a 5.7C
according to Captain E.F. Eggerts:

5.7 c = 0.46 – 0.74 × b where:


= 0.46 – 0.74 × 0 b = M.W.R.
= 0.46 – 0 = 0
5.7 c = 0.46

9.) ATMOSPHERIC HEAD (h)

dp
h = 33 + draft – + blade clearance
2
#DIV/0!
= 33 + 18.53 – + #DIV/0!
2
= 33 + 0.08 – #DIV/0!

= 33 + #DIV/0!

h = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m
PROPELLER

where:
draft = 18.53 ft.
dp = #DIV/0! ft.
blade clearance = 0.08 × dp
= 0.08 × #DIV/0!
blade clearance = #DIV/0!

10.) TEST FOR CAVITATION (RPMC)


The critical RPM of the design propeller RPMC shall be more than the RPM
at 100% MCR.

60 h 7.3 1 + 4b
RPMC =
dp

11.) STRENGTH OF THE PROPELLER BLADE AT ROOTS


The compressive stress of the propeller must be between 5000 psia to 6000 psia

X1
Sc = Y1

C1 × P1
X1 =
Ns × dp3
0.00 × 0
=
#DIV/0! × #DIV/0! 3
0
=
#DIV/0!
X1 = #DIV/0!

where:
C1 = 0.00
REFERENCE: The Speed and Power of Ships, Figure 161, page 138 .
P1 = DHP ÷ no. of blades
= 0 ÷ 4
P1 = 0

Ns = #DIV/0! rpm
dp = #DIV/0! ft.

Y1 = 2/3 × M.W.R. × B.T.F.2 where:


2
PROPELLER

2
= 2/3 × 0.00 × 0 M.W.R. = 0.00
Y1 = 0 B.T.F. = 0

X1
Sc = Y1
#DIV/0!
=
0
Sc = #DIV/0! psia

12.) CAVITATION CHECKED FOR BURIAL BASED ON PROPELLER THRUST


( T / PBA )

THP = DHP × ep where:


= 0.00 × 0.58 DHP = 0.00 hp
THP = 0 hp ep = 0.58

THP × 33000 where:


T =
Va × 101.33 THP = 0.00 hp
0.00 × 33000 Va = 10.5 knots
=
10.5 × 101.33
0
=
1063.965
T = 0

PBA = 0.4267 – 0.0916 a no. of blades × dp2 × M.W.R. × 144


2
= 0.4267 – 0.0916 ### 0 × #DIV/0! × 0 × 144
= 0.4267 – 0 0 × #DIV/0! × 0 × 144
= 0.4267 × #DIV/0! × 144
PBA = #DIV/0! psia

where:
a= 0.00
no. of blades = 0
dp = #DIV/0! ft
M.W.R. = 0

T
CAVITATION =
PBA
0
=
#DIV/0!
CAVITATION = #DIV/0! psia
PROPELLER

III. BLADE AREA CALCULATION

1.) MEAN WIDTH OF BLADE

Mean Width = M.W.R. × dp where:


= 0.00 × #DIV/0! M.W.R. = 0.00 0
Mean Width = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m dp = #DIV/0! ft.

2.) MAXIMUM WIDTH OF BLADE

mean width of blade


Maximum Width =
0.842
#DIV/0!
=
0.842
Maximum Width = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

3.) DISC AREA (Ao)

π × dp2 where:
Ao =
no. of blades π= 3.14
3.14 × #DIV/0! 2 dp = #DIV/0! ft.
=
0 no. of blades = 0
#DIV/0!
=
0
Ao = #DIV/0! ft2 #DIV/0! m2

4.) DEVELOPED BLADE AREA (Ad)

Ad = 0.4 × dp2 × M.W.R. × no. of blades


2
= 0.4 × 0.00 × 0 × 0
= 0.4 × 0.00 × 0 × 0
Ad = 0 ft2 0 m 2

where:
dp = 0.00 ft
M.W.R. = 0
no. of blades = 0

5.) DEVELOPED AREA RATIO (DAR)

Ad where:
DAR =
Ao Ad = 0.00 ft2
0.00 Ao = #DIV/0! ft2
=
PROPELLER

=
#DIV/0!
DAR = #DIV/0!

6.) PROJECTED BLADE AREA (Ap)

Ap = 0.4267 – 0.0916 a no. of blades × dp2 × M.W.R.


2
= 0.4267 – 0.0916 ### 0 × #DIV/0! × 0
= 0.4267 – 0 0 × #DIV/0! × 0
= 0.4267 × #DIV/0!
Ap = #DIV/0! ft 2
#DIV/0! m2

where:
a= 0.00
no. of blades = 0
dp = #DIV/0! ft
M.W.R. = 0

7.) PROJECTED AREA RATIO (PAR)

Ap where:
PAR =
Ad Ap = #DIV/0! ft2
#DIV/0! Ad = 0 ft2
=
0
PAR = #DIV/0!

8.) THICKNESS OF PROPELLER BLADE AT TIPS

t = 0.04 × dp + 0.1
= #VALUE! + 0.1
t = #VALUE! in #VALUE! m

9.) THICKNESS OF PROPELLER BLADE AT ROOTS

t = B.T.F. × dp where:
= 0.00 × #DIV/0! B.T.F. = 0.00
t = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m dp = #DIV/0! ft

10.) PITCH POINT

D where:
Pitch =
π × 2 D (pitch) = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! π = 3.1416 ft
=
3.1416 × 2
#DIV/0!
=
6.2832
PROPELLER

Pitch = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

11.) LENGTH OF PROPELLER HUB (Lh)

Lh = 1/5 × dp where:
= 1/5 × #DIV/0! dp = #DIV/0! ft
Lh = #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

12.) HUB DIAMETER

= 0.2 × dp where:
= 0.2 × #DIV/0! dp = #DIV/0! ft
= #DIV/0! ft #DIV/0! m

STATION ORDINATE SM F(A)


0.2R 0.864 1 0.864
0.3R 1.028 4 4.112
0.4R 1.175 2 2.35
0.5R 1.282 4 5.128
0.6R 1.354 2 2.708
0.7R 1.378 4 5.512
0.8R 1.323 2 2.646
0.9R 1.126 4 4.504
1.0R 0.000 1 0
PROPELLER
PROPELLER

× 144
× 144
× 144
SHAFTING CALCULATION

I. DESIGN SHIP DATA

Brake Horsepower BHP 0 hp


Revolution per Minute RPM 0 rpm

II. LINE AND THRUST SHAFT


Formula:
1/3
H
d = C
R
where:
d = shaft diameter
H = brake horsepower at rated speed
= 0 hp
R = rpm at rated speed
= 0 rpm
C = constant for ocean going vessel
= 3504 in
Solution:
1/3
0
d = 3504
0
1/3
= 3504 × #DIV/0!

= 3504 × #DIV/0!
in
d = #DIV/0! #DIV/0! cm

III. TAIL SHAFT

Formula:
T = 1.236 × d
where:
d = shaft diameter

Solution:
T = 1.236 × #DIV/0!

T = #DIV/0! in #DIV/0! cm

IV. PROPELLER END BEARING

1.) Water lubrication bearing is four times the required tail shaft diameter:
Formula:
Lb = T × 4
where:
T = tail shaft
= #DIV/0!

Solution:
Lb = #DIV/0! × 4

Lb = #DIV/0! in #DIV/0! cm

2.) Oil lined bearings should not be less than two times shaft diameter:

Formula:
Lb = T × 2
where:
T = tail shaft
= #DIV/0!

Solution:
Lb = #DIV/0! × 2

Lb = #DIV/0! in #DIV/0! cm

3.) Tail Shaft Liner:

Formula:
T
Thickness = + 0.2 in
25
where:
T = tail shaft
= #DIV/0!

Solution:
#DIV/0!
Thickness = + 0.2 in
25
= #DIV/0! + 0.2 in

Thickness = #DIV/0! in #DIV/0! cm

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