TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

b) indroduction of three dimensional

c) relations and functions
The Trigonometric Functions
 What about angles greater than 90°? 180°?
 The trigonometric functions are defined in terms of a
point on a terminal side
 r is found by using the Pythagorean Theorem:

r  x
2
y 2
The 6 Trigonometric Functions of angle
 are:

y
si n 
r r
si n  csc   , y 0
y
r
cos   sec   , x 0
x
x
tan  , x 0 cot  , y 0
y
The Trigonometric Functions
The trigonometric values do not depend
on the selected point – the ratios will be
the same:
First Quadrant:

sin   
cos   
tan   
csc   
sec   
cot   
Second Quadrant:

sin   
cos   -
tan   -
csc   
sec   -
cot   -
Third Quadrant:
y
sin   -
cos   -
tan    x
csc   -
sec   -
cot   
Fourth Quadrant:

y
sin   -
cos   
tan   -
x
csc   -
sec   
cot   -
All Star Trig Class
 Use the phrase “All Star Trig Class” to remember
the signs of the trig functions in different
quadrants:
Star All
Sine is positive All
functions
are positive
Trig Class
Tan is Cos is
positive positive
So, now we know the signs of the trig
functions, but what about their values?..
.
The value of any trig function of an angle
 is equal to the value of the
corresponding trigonometric function of
its reference angle, except possibly for
the sign. The sign depends on the
quadrant that  is in.
Reference Angles
 The reference angle, α, is the angle between the terminal
side and the nearest x-axis:
All Star Trig Class
 Use the phrase “All Star Trig Class” to remember
the signs of the trig functions in different
quadrants:
Star All
Sine is positive All
functions
are positive
Trig Class
Tan is Cos is
positive positive
Quadrantal Angles
(terminal side lies along an axis)
 Trig values of quadrantal angles:

 0° 90° 180° 270° 360°

sin  0 1 0 –1 0
cos  1 0 –1 0 1
tan  0 undefined 0 undefined 0
cot  undefined 0 undefined 0 undefined

sec  1 undefined –1 undefined 1

csc  undefined 1 undefined –1 undefined
Trigonometric Identities

Reciprocal Quotient Identities

Identities
1
si n x  si n x
csc x tan x 
cos x
1
cos x 
sec x cos x
cot x 
si n x
1
tan x 
cot x
Trigonometric Identities

 Pythagorean Identities
The fundamental Pythagorean
identity:
si n x
2
 cos 2 x  1
1  cot x  csc
2 2
 Divide the first by sin2x : x

 Divide the first by cos2x : tan

2
x  1  sec 2 x