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Table of English Tenses

tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words


Simple Present A: He speaks.  action in the present taking always, every …,
N: He does not speak. place regularly, never or never, normally,
Q: Does he speak? several times often, seldom,
 facts sometimes, usually
 actions taking place one if sentences type I (If
after another I talk, …)
 action set by a timetable or
schedule

Present Progressive A: He is speaking.  action taking place in the at the moment, just,
N: He is not speaking. moment of speaking just now, Listen!,
Q: Is he speaking?  action taking place only for Look!, now, right now
a limited period of time
 action arranged for the
future

Simple Past A: He spoke.  action in the past taking yesterday, 2 minutes


N: He did not speak. place once, never or several ago, in 1990, the other
Q: Did he speak? times day, last Friday
 actions taking place one if sentence type II (If I
after another talked, …)
 action taking place in the
middle of another action

Past Progressive A: He was speaking.  action going on at a certain while, as long as


N: He was not speaking. time in the past
Q: Was he speaking?  actions taking place at the
same time
 action in the past that is

1
interrupted by another
action

Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken.  putting emphasis on the already, ever, just,
N: He has not spoken. result never, not yet, so far,
Q: Has he spoken?  action that is still going on till now, up to now
 action that stopped recently
 finished action that has an
influence on the present
 action that has taken place
once, never or several times
before the moment of
speaking

Present Perfect Progressive A: He has been speaking.  putting emphasis on the all day, for 4 years,
N: He has not been speaking. course or duration (not the since 1993, how
Q: Has he been speaking? result) long?, the whole week
 action that recently stopped
or is still going on
 finished action that
influenced the present

Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken.  action taking place before a already, just, never,
N: He had not spoken. certain time in the past not yet, once, until
Q: Had he spoken?  sometimes interchangeable that day
with past perfect progressive if sentence type III (If
 putting emphasis only on the I had talked, …)
fact (not the duration)

Past Perfect Progressive A: He had been speaking.  action taking place before a for, since, the whole
N: He had not been speaking. certain time in the past day, all day
Q: Had he been speaking?  sometimes interchangeable
with past perfect simple

2
 putting emphasis on the
duration or course of an
action

Future I Simple A: He will speak.  action in the future that in a year, next …,
N: He will not speak. cannot be influenced tomorrow
Q: Will he speak?  spontaneous decision If-Satz Typ I (If you
 assumption with regard to ask her, she will help
the future you.)
assumption: I think,
probably, perhaps
Future I Simple A: He is going to speak.  decision made for the future in one year, next
N: He is not going to speak.  conclusion with regard to week, tomorrow
(going to) Q: Is he going to speak? the future

Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking.  action that is going on at a in one year, next
N: He will not be speaking. certain time in the future week, tomorrow
Q: Will he be speaking?  action that is sure to happen
in the near future

Future II Simple A: He will have spoken.  action that will be finished by Monday, in a week
N: He will not have spoken. at a certain time in the future
Q: Will he have spoken?
Future II Progressive A: He will have been speaking.  action taking place before a for …, the last couple
N: He will not have been certain time in the future of hours, all day long
speaking.  putting emphasis on the
Q: Will he have been speaking? course of an action

Conditional I Simple A: He would speak.  action that might take place if sentences type II
N: He would not speak. (If I were you, I
Q: Would he speak? would go home.)
Conditional I Progressive A: He would be speaking.  action that might take place
N: He would not be speaking.  putting emphasis on the

3
Q: Would he be speaking? course / duration of the
action

Conditional II Simple A: He would have spoken.  action that might have taken if sentences type III
N: He would not have spoken. place in the past (If I had seen that, I
Q: Would he have spoken? would have helped.)
Conditional II Progressive A: He would have been  action that might have taken
speaking. place in the past
N: He would not have been  puts emphasis on the course
speaking. / duration of the action
Q: Would he have been
speaking?

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