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Present Progressive A: He is speaking. action taking place in the at the moment, just,
N: He is not speaking. moment of speaking just now, Listen!,
Q: Is he speaking? action taking place only for Look!, now, right now
a limited period of time
action arranged for the
future
1
interrupted by another
action
Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken. putting emphasis on the already, ever, just,
N: He has not spoken. result never, not yet, so far,
Q: Has he spoken? action that is still going on till now, up to now
action that stopped recently
finished action that has an
influence on the present
action that has taken place
once, never or several times
before the moment of
speaking
Present Perfect Progressive A: He has been speaking. putting emphasis on the all day, for 4 years,
N: He has not been speaking. course or duration (not the since 1993, how
Q: Has he been speaking? result) long?, the whole week
action that recently stopped
or is still going on
finished action that
influenced the present
Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken. action taking place before a already, just, never,
N: He had not spoken. certain time in the past not yet, once, until
Q: Had he spoken? sometimes interchangeable that day
with past perfect progressive if sentence type III (If
putting emphasis only on the I had talked, …)
fact (not the duration)
Past Perfect Progressive A: He had been speaking. action taking place before a for, since, the whole
N: He had not been speaking. certain time in the past day, all day
Q: Had he been speaking? sometimes interchangeable
with past perfect simple
2
putting emphasis on the
duration or course of an
action
Future I Simple A: He will speak. action in the future that in a year, next …,
N: He will not speak. cannot be influenced tomorrow
Q: Will he speak? spontaneous decision If-Satz Typ I (If you
assumption with regard to ask her, she will help
the future you.)
assumption: I think,
probably, perhaps
Future I Simple A: He is going to speak. decision made for the future in one year, next
N: He is not going to speak. conclusion with regard to week, tomorrow
(going to) Q: Is he going to speak? the future
Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking. action that is going on at a in one year, next
N: He will not be speaking. certain time in the future week, tomorrow
Q: Will he be speaking? action that is sure to happen
in the near future
Future II Simple A: He will have spoken. action that will be finished by Monday, in a week
N: He will not have spoken. at a certain time in the future
Q: Will he have spoken?
Future II Progressive A: He will have been speaking. action taking place before a for …, the last couple
N: He will not have been certain time in the future of hours, all day long
speaking. putting emphasis on the
Q: Will he have been speaking? course of an action
Conditional I Simple A: He would speak. action that might take place if sentences type II
N: He would not speak. (If I were you, I
Q: Would he speak? would go home.)
Conditional I Progressive A: He would be speaking. action that might take place
N: He would not be speaking. putting emphasis on the
3
Q: Would he be speaking? course / duration of the
action
Conditional II Simple A: He would have spoken. action that might have taken if sentences type III
N: He would not have spoken. place in the past (If I had seen that, I
Q: Would he have spoken? would have helped.)
Conditional II Progressive A: He would have been action that might have taken
speaking. place in the past
N: He would not have been puts emphasis on the course
speaking. / duration of the action
Q: Would he have been
speaking?