DOUBLEROOT Cheat Sheet – Straight Line

Equations of a Line Point of intersection of non-parallel lines

Parallel to X-axis a1x+b1y+c1=0 & a2x+b2y+c2=0
At a distance a from the X-axis b1 c2 − b2 c1 c1 a2 − c2 a1
( , )
y=a a1 b2 − a2 b1 a1 b2 − a2 b1

Parallel to Y-axis Condition for the lines a1x+b1y+c1=0,a2x+b2y+c2=0

At a distance b from the Y-axis & a3x+b3y+c3=0 to be concurrent
x=b a1 b1 c1
|a2 b2 c2 | = 0
Slope-Intercept Form
a3 b3 c3
Slope: m and y-intercept: c
y = mx + c Distance of a point (x1, y1) from a line ax+by+c=0
Intercept Form |ax1 + by1 + c|
d=
x-intercept: a and y-intercept: b √a2 + b 2
x y
+ =1
a b Distance between parallel lines ax+by+c1=0 &
Point-Slope Form ax+by+c2=0
Slope: m and through a point (x1, y1) |c1 – c2 |
y – y1 = m(x– x1 ) d=
√a2 + b 2
Two-Point Form
Passing through the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) Position of points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) w.r.t a line
y2 – y1 ax+by+c=0
y– y1 = ( ) (x– x1 )
x2 – x1 Same side: (ax1+by1+c) (ax2+by2+c) > 0
Normal Form Opposite side: (ax1+by1+c) (ax2+by2+c) < 0
At a distance p from origin and perpendicular from origin
inclined at angle α with the X-axis Angle bisectors of a1x+b1y+c1=0 & a2x+b2y+c2=0
xcosα + ysinα = p a1 x + b1 y + c1 a2 x + b2 y + c2
=±
Parametric Form √a21 + b12 √a22 + b22
Slope: tanθ and passing through the point (x1, y1)
x − x1 y − y1 Family of lines
= =r Equation of a line passing through the point of intersection of
cosθ sinθ
(x, y) is a point on the line at a distance r from (x1, y1) L1=0 and L2=0
General Form L1 + λL2 = 0 (λ ϵ R)
ax + by + c = 0
Slope: -a/b
Pair of Straight Lines passing through Origin
Equation
Equations representing the same line ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0
a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0 represent the same line if
a1 b1 c1 Angle between the Lines
= =
a2 b2 c2 2√h2 − ab
tan θ = | |
a+b
Angle between lines with slopes m1 and m2
m1 – m2 Coincident lines: h2 = ab, Perpendicular lines: a+b=0
tanθ = | |
1 + m1 m2
For parallel lines: m1 = m2 Equation of angle bisectors
For perpendicular lines: m1m2=-1 x 2 − y 2 xy
=
a−b h

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