Engineering Drawing and Design 1

Course ECV100

Eng. Marclus Mwai (MSc, BSc (Civil Eng.))

Module 5
 COURSE OUTLINE
1. Introductions
2. Terms & Definitions
3. Drawing Tools & Media
4. Drafting Skills
5. Shape description
6. Views & Revolutions
7. Dimensioning & Tolerancing
8. Sectioning
9. Materials
10. Working drawings & design
11. Pipe drawings
12. Structural drafting
13. Electrical and electronics drawing

Reference Book:
Cecil Jensen, Jay D. Helsel, Dennis R. Short (2008) Engineering Drawing & Design,
McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 7th Edition.
 Pipe drawings
Objectives:
• produce single-line piping drawings
• Produce isometric projection piping drawings

• Fluids handled through pipes during production, processing,

transportation, and utilization

• Main fluids are water, gases, acids, oil

• Pipes also used as structural elements in columns and handrails

 Pipe drawings

• Kind of pipes

 Steel pipes or wrought iron pipes

 Cast iron pipe
 Brass and copper pipes
 Copper tubing- plumbing and heating where vibrations are common
 Plastic pipe- used extensively in the chemical industry, where corrosion and chemical
attack is likely in case of steel pipes
 Pipe drawings

• Pipe Joints and Fittings

Fittings are parts that join pipes- change size, provide continuity, change direction, change material type
 Specified by pipe size, name of the fitting and material

Different types- screwed, welded, and flanged

 Line Drawings

May be a simple representation to complex

Process Flow Diagram (PFD) (e.g. A Biodigester system)
Process Flow Diagram - PFD - (or System Flow Diagram - SFD) shows
the relationships between the major components in the system. PFD also tabulate
process design values for the components in different operating modes, typical
minimum, normal and maximum. A PFD does not show minor components, piping
systems, piping ratings and designations.

• Process Piping
• Major equipment symbols, names and identification numbers
• Control, valves and valves that affect operation of the system
• Interconnection with other systems
• Major bypass and recirculation lines
• System ratings and operational values as minimum, normal and
maximum flow, temperature and pressure
• Composition of fluids
 ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

The isometric view clearly show the piping arrangement, but the plan view fails
to show the bypass loop and valve, and the supplementary elevation view is
needed.
pipeline which runs through three planes.

Routing starting point X

• pipe runs to the east
• pipe runs up
• pipe runs to the north
• pipe runs to the west
• pipe runs down
 .

Routing starting point X

• pipe runs to the south
• pipe runs up
• pipe runs to the west
• pipe runs to the north
• pipe runs down

• Almost identical to the drawing above.

• A different perspective is shown, and the pipe that comes from above is longer.

• Because this pipe in isometric view, runs behind the other pipe, this must be indicated by a break in
the line
Indicating flow direction

Indicating levels
 Assignment

Draw the orthographic representation (Plan and right side view) of

the isometric view above. Dimensions in inches, where 1 inch =
25.4 mm. (Hint: Draw auxiliary lines to help in idealization)
 Structural drafting
Recall that Biosystems engineering is concerned with engineered biological systems

[Biosystems engineers mimic biological systems to create products or modify and

control biological systems so that they can replace, augment, or sustain chemical
and mechanical processes]

These biological systems must be housed or put under controlled conditions

Hence the need to understand structural drafting, drawing of light structures and buildings (e.g.
workshops)

More Innovative applications!!!!

• Use of vegetation in civil engineering construction.
• Environmental modifications such as surface soil protection, slope stabilization
(bio-cementing), watercourse and shoreline protection, windbreaks, vegetation
barriers including noise barriers and visual screens
• Warning!! Our ability to engineer biological systems that behave as expected is less well developed
than our mastery over mechanical and electrical systems
 Structural drafting
For this course we are talking about structures constructed of traditional
engineering material- steel, concrete, timber, plastics, ceramics, soils

- Information to enable structural drafting will be provided by others (e.g.

architects, civil engineers)
- Students to understand the basic concepts to enable meaningful
communication with other team members
Plan: Biodigester
 Structural drawings
• Construction industry is synonymous with engineers
 Almost every design ends up with a construction project
• Key steps followed in buildings:
 The owner establishes the requirement for a building
 The design team (usually an architect and structural engineer,
service engineer, biosystems engineer) studies the needs of the
client
 Design team prepare sketches of the finished building/ structure
 Owner approves the sketches and commissions the team
 Actual design commences- structural engineer designs the frame,
using the principles of mechanics and other factors
 Layout drawings are made
 Tendering for construction/ fabrication work commences
 Structural drafting
• Ask the students to draw the Engineering Workshop at KU. Aim is to
appreciate how a building evolves and various components involved,
relate real life and theory of technical drawings.

• Show the floor plan and one short section through a window and
dimension
• The drawing to show:
 Building location plan with respect to car park and main engineering building and
nearest Nyayo hostel (this drawing not to scale and should be at a corner of the main
floor plan drawings)
 The size of the windows, doors
 Size of the walls (thickness and height)
 The position and size of the columns
 The position and size of beams
 A typical foundation footing detail and dimensions
 A typical roof layout plan and fabrication details
 The materials used for various components
 The scale
 The title block and any other notes
 A typical isometric drawings for rainwater drainage
Electrical & electronics drawing