EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA AND BIÑAN
“In the moonlight,” he
RIZAL’S FIRST TEACHER
 His first teacher was his mother Doña
Teodora, who was a remarkable woman
of good character and fine culture. It
was she who discovered that her son
had talent for poetry.
 He learned at the age of three the
alphabet and the prayers.
 “My Mother,” wrote Rizal in his student
memoirs, “taught me how to read and
to say haltingly the humble prayers
which I raised fervently to God.”
 Maestro Celestino
- first private tutor of Rizal
 Maestro Lucas Padua
- second private tutor of Rizal
 Leon Monroy
- former classmate of Rizal’s
father, became Rizal’s tutor
- he lived at the Rizal’s home
- instructed Rizal in Spanish and
Latin
- he did not live long and died
five months later
 After Monroy’s death, Rizal’s parents
decided to send him to private school in
Biñan
RIZAL GOES TO BIÑAN
 June 1869
- Rizal left Calamba for Biñan
accompanied by Paciano, who
acted as his second father
 Carromata
- mode of transportation
 Proceeded to their aunt’s house, where
Rizal was to lodge
 Same night Rizal with his cousin
Leandro, went sightseeing in the town.
Rizal became depressed because of
homesickness.
recounted, “I remembered my home
town, my idolized mother, and my
solicitous sisters. Ah, how sweet to me
was Calamba, my oyn town, in spite of
the fact, that it was not as wealthy as
Biñan.”
FIRST DAY IN BIÑAN SCHOOL
 Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
- formal teacher
 Jose described his teacher as tall, thin,
long-necked, with a sharp nose and a
body slightly bent forward
 The school was in the house of the
teacher, which was a small nipa hut
FIRST SCHOOL BRAWL
 Pedro
- the teacher’s son
- challenged by Jose to fight
(wrestling)
- Jose defeated Pedro, having
learned the art of wrestling
from his athletic Tio Manuel
 Andres Salandanan
- challenged Jose to an arm-
wrestling match
- Jose having the weaker arm,
lost
 Jose was not a quarrelsome by nature,
but he never ran away from a fight
PAINTING LESSONS IN BIÑAN
 Old Juancho
- father-in-law of the school
teacher
- freely gave Jose lessons in
drawing and painting
- Jose and his classmate Jose
Guevarra became apprentices
of Old Juancho
DAILY LIFE IN BIÑAN
 He recorded in his memoirs (daily
routine):
- hears the four o’clock Mass or
studied before going to Mass
- went to orchard to look for
mabolo to eat
- breakfast (dish of rice at two
dried fish)
- went to class at ten o’clock
- lunch break with Leandro and
studied afterwards
- went to school at two and came
out at five
- prays with cousins
- studied lessons and drew little
- took supper (one or two dishes
of rice with ayungin)
- prays again
- if there is a moon (plays with
his nieces and others in the
street)
- sleep
BEST STUDENT IN SCHOOL
 Jose beat all Biñan boys in academic
studies
 He surepassed them all in Spanish,
Latin, and other subjects
 His older classmate were jealous of his
intellectual superiority, squeled to the
teacher whenever he had fights and
even told lies to discredit him
 He usually received five or six blows
while laid out on a bench
END OF BIÑAN SCHOOLING
 December 17, 1870
- Jose left Biñan after one year
and half of schooling
- Talim- the steamer that Jose
rode for the first time
 Arturo Camps
- Frenchman, friend of his father
who took care of him
MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA
 January 20, 1872
- about 200 Filipino soldiers and
workmen of Cavite under the
leadership of Lamadrid
- Filipino sergeant rose in violent
mutiny because of the abolition
of their usual privileges
including exemption from
tribute and polo (forced labor)
 Governor Rafael de Izquierdo
- Governor-general of the
Philippines during the 1872
Cavite mutiny whiche led to
execution of 41 mutineers,
including the Gom-Bur-Za
martyrs
 Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos
and Jacinto Zamora (Gom-Bur-Za)
- Leaders of the secular
movement to Filipinize the
Philippine parishes
- Failed mutiny into a “revolt” for
Philippine independence
- They were executed at sunrise,
February 17, 1872, by the order
of Governor general Izquierdo
 The martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za in 1872
truly inspired Jose Rizal to fight the evils
of Spanish tyranny and redeem his
oppressed people.
 Later in 1891 Rizal dedicated his second
novel, El Filibusterismo to Gom-Bur-Za
INJUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER  Manila Royal Audiencia
 Before June of 1872 - Supreme Court
- Doña Teodora was suddenly - Acquitted Doña Teodora of the
arrested on a malicious charge alleged crime after two years
that she and her brother. Jose and half
Alberto, tried to poison the
latter’s perfidious wife
 Jose Alberto
- Brother of Doña Teodora
- Rich Biñan ilustrado
- During his business trip in
Europe his wife abandoned
their home and children
- When he arrived in Biñan, he
found her wife living with
another man and planned to
divorce her. Doña Teodora, to
avert family scandal, persuaded
him to forgive his wife and lived
again with his wife.
 The evil wife of Jose Alberto with the
connivance of the Spanish lieutenant of
the Guardia Civil, filed a case in the
court accusing her husband and Doña
Teodora of attempting to poison her.
 Antonio Vivencio del Rosario
- Gobernadorcillo of Calamba
- Menial of the friars
- helped the lieutenant arrest
Doña Teodora
 The sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced
Doña Teodora to walk from Calamba to
Santa Cruz (capital of Laguna Province),
a distance of 50 kilometers.
Incarcerated at the provincial prison
 Messrs Francisco de Marcaida and
Manuel Marzan
- Most famous lawyers of Manila,
defended Doña Teodora in
court