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Fracture Mechanics
by Roger Cordes, Ph.D., P.E.
Roger Cordes, Ph.D., P.E.
Sources
API 579 “Fitness for Service”
British Standard 7910 “Guide to Methods for
Assessing the Acceptability of Flaws in Metallic
Structures”
API 1104 “Welding of Pipelines and Related
Facilities”
Overview
Relating fracture mechanics to inspections
Typical analyses
Stresses
Stresses
Crack
The Basics of Fracture Mechanics (1)
s s
Approximate Values
Material
Charpy CTOD (mm) KMATERIAL
(ft-lbs) (ksi*√in.)
0.90
Wall Thickness
0.80 Case A
0.70 Case B
Crack Depth, inches .
0.60 Case C
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Crack Length, inches
Fatigue Crack Growth
High
Stress
Stress
Range
Low
Stress
Crack Growth
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
0.0 3.0 6.0 9.0 12.0 15.0
Time, years
Crack Growth Over Time
Final crack
depth, af
Initial crack
Initial crack
width, 2Ci
depth, ai
Final crack
width, 2Cf
0.16
0.12
ECA Result
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Crack Width, 2C (inches)
Crack Locations and Orientations
Inner
Internal Surface Crack Radius
Wall
Thickness
K
Plastic
Collapse
Inputs for Analysis
Significant inputs driving the solution:
Geometry
SCF
Target Life
Initial Crack Size
Material Toughness
Other inputs
Residual Stress
Yield/Ultimate Strengths
Safety Factors
Applied Loading
Fracture Toughness
Crack Size
How Fracture Mechanics Fits In
Email: roger.cordes@stress.com
Web Site: www.stress.com