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OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS
Reforzar la habilidad del estudiante para la resolución de ejercicios, así como para
analizar e interpretar dato.
Fomentar el pensamiento crítico del estudiante al analizar sacar conclusiones con base en
los resultados obtenidos.
INSTRUCCIONES: Tema 1 y 2 será desarrollado en inglés; las fuentes consultadas deberán ser
referenciadas en normas APA, para los temas 4, 5 y 6 que comprenden resolución de problemas se
deberá incluir los respectivos datos, suposiciones, enunciar las ecuaciones o principios con su
respectivo autor y por último una conclusión acerca del mismo.
Topic 1: Viscosity
Write a definition about viscosity based on the videos below, and answer the following
questions:
How does viscosity influence the velocity of a fluid?
the speed depends on two factors, it is a density that has the liquid that is related to
the viscous (surface area) and another with the surface that is in contact, that is,
suppose we have an EP90 oil in a piston that circulates gradually. It increases its
speed because the oil is more viscous and tends to drag its molecules from one point
to another, which causes the liquid to move as it moves the piston, which increases
or decreases the speed.
the viscocity reacts depending on factors such as the temperature if it tends to lower
the fluid becomes denser and has more viscocity, and this affects the gradient of
the movement with respect to where the fluid is.
the velocity is the tangential point where the fluid moves, it is said and it moves on
the surface of the fluid it is lowered with parallel lines until the final point of the
recimiente or if it is treated in a gradual way in the area and flow of the form
parabolic, more force will have in the middle part than in its extreme points.
an example of the viscosity in everyday life is when using the gas cylinder this has
hydrogen compressed with a very light viscosity producing flames for cooking, or honey
that is put in the juices
Investigate in scientific articles (papers) the applications that fluid mechanics has in the different
fields of engineering, at least 5 fields of which one has to be the career which they are studying.
1) civil engineer
i) open channels: it is a system that is in contact with the atmosphere, also occurs in natural
environments such as: a river, a stream, floods and artificial means or effects of man such
as: gutters, sewers and landfills.
ii) Lakes and embases: they are also called stagnant water, often characterized by the
movement of water that is very slow. The stagnant waters are usually vertically stratified.
This implies that the density of the water changes with the depth of a lake or reservoirs.
2) Aeronautical Engineering
Application of aerodynamics and technologies related to the design, construction and
management of aerial vehicles: gliders, airplanes, helicopters, rockets and missiles.
3) Mechanical Engineering
Thermal machines: Use of fluids with transfer of calories and compressibility. Process
design and thermal machines.
4) maritime ingeneria
Morphology and coastal protection. Study of waves, tides, currents, sedimentation and
pollution. Port designs, breakwaters and offshore structures. Estuaries
5) Petroleum engineering
Oil hydraulics:Design and construction of controls and hydraulic transmissions that use oils
derived from petroleum and synthetic liquids as working fluid.
Nombre: Erick Josue Guadamud Soledispa
La eficiencia η de una bomba está dada por la relación adimensional entre la potencia
consumida por el flujo y la potencia que se requiere para accionar la misma:
Q∆p
η=
potencial suministraa
𝑙𝑏𝑓
∆p=25 𝑖𝑛2 = [𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 ]
𝑚3
Q=38 = ([𝐿3 𝑇 −1 ])
𝑠
550𝑙𝑏𝑓(𝑓𝑡) 5550𝑙𝑏𝑓(𝑓𝑡)
10ℎ𝑝 = 10 ( ) → 10ℎ𝑝 =
𝑠 𝑠
𝑙𝑏𝑓 (12𝑖𝑛)2 3600𝑙𝑏𝑓
∆p=25 𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 =
1𝑓𝑡 2 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑚3 1𝑓𝑡 3 1341.95𝑓𝑡 3
Q=38 𝑥 (0.3048𝑚)3 =
𝑠 𝑠
3600𝑙𝑏𝑓 1341.95𝑓𝑡3
( )( )
𝑓𝑡2 𝑠
𝑛= 5550𝑙𝑏𝑓(𝑓𝑡) = 870.45 𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑜
( )
𝑠
Un tanque de aire comprimido contiene 3 in3 de aire a 123 lbf/in2 por encima de la presión
atmosférica. Estime la energía, en ft.lbf, necesaria para comprimir este aire desde las
condiciones atmosféricas, suponiendo un proceso isotermo ideal.
Solución:
Datos:
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 = 3𝑖𝑛3 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
123𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 =
𝑖𝑛2
14.69𝑙𝑏
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 =
𝑖𝑛 2
Se utilizará energía respecto a ley de gases ideales para esto sabemos que
𝑣𝑓
𝑤 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑣 → 𝑃 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛.
𝑣𝑖
Por gases ideales tenemos que PV=nRT por lo que podemos escribir la integral.
𝑣𝑓
1 𝑣𝑓
𝑤 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ∫ 𝑑𝑣 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑤 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝐿𝑛 ( ) 𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎
𝑣𝑖 𝑣 𝑣𝑖
𝑣𝑓
𝑤 = 𝑝𝑣 ln ( )
𝑣𝑖
-aplicando la ley de boyle para encontrar el volumen inicial
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃1
= → 𝑣1 = (𝑉2) 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑜
𝑃2 𝑣2 𝑃2
14.69𝑙𝑏
2
𝑣1 = 𝑖𝑛 (3𝑖𝑛3 ) = 0.36𝑖𝑛3
123𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑖𝑛2
Reemplazando en la fórmula de energía encontrada al comienzo.
𝑣𝑓 123𝑙𝑏𝑓 3
3 𝑖𝑛3 𝑖𝑓𝑡
𝑤 = 𝑝𝑣 ln ( ) → (3𝑖𝑛 ) ln ( ) = 782.36𝑙𝑏𝑓(𝑖𝑛)𝑥 = 65.2𝑙𝑏𝑓(𝑓𝑡)
𝑣𝑖 𝑖𝑛2 0.36𝑖𝑛3 12𝑖𝑛
Tema 5: Viscosidad y esfuerzo cortante
Nombre: Erick Josue Guadamud Soledispa
En la gráfica a continuación, si el fluido es glicerina a 20°C y el ancho entre las placas es de 5 ft,
¿qué esfuerzo cortante (en Pa) se requiere para mover la placa superior a una velocidad de 25
in/s? ¿Cuál es el número de Reynolds basado en la distancia L entre las placas? ¿Cómo se
caracteriza un fluido a partir del número de Reynolds?
Solución:
Datos
𝑁(𝑠) 1𝑚2 𝑁𝑠
Viscosidad a 20° de la glicerina =1.5 𝑥 10.762𝑓𝑡 = 0.14 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑚2
25𝑖𝑛 1𝑓𝑡 𝐹𝑡 𝑚
Velocidad= 𝑥 12𝑖𝑛 = 2.08333 → 0.635
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
Dy= 5ft
𝑑𝑣
Formula de esfuerzo cortante= 𝜏 = 𝜇 𝑑𝑦