V SPEEDS

1. What effect has a downhill slope on the take-off speeds? The slope

a) has no effect on the take-off speed V1.

b) decreases the take-off speed V1.
c) decreases the TAS for take-off.
d) increases the IAS for take-off.

2. The rotation speed VR:

a) Must not be less than 1.1 VS1

b) Must not be less than VS1
c) Must not be less than 1.2 VMC
d) Must not be less than VMC

3. Which of the following represents the maximum value for V1 assuming max tyre speed and max
brake energy speed are not limited.

a) VMCA
b) VREF
c) V2
d) VR

4. The take-off safety speed V2MIN for turbo-propeller powered aeroplanes with more than three
engines may not be less than:

a) VSR
b) 1.08 VSR
c) 1.13 VSR
d) 1.2 VSR

5. The take-off safety speed V2min for turbo-propeller powered aeroplanes with more than three
engines may not be less than:

a) 1.15 Vs
b) 1.3 Vs
c) 1.2 Vs
d) 1.2 Vs1

6. The take-off safety speed V2 for two-engined or three-engined turbo propeller powered
aeroplanes may not be less than:

a) 1.3 Vs
b) 1.15 Vs
c) 1.2 Vs
d) 1.15 Vs1

7. The lowest take-off safety speed (V2min) is:

a) 1.20 VSR for all aeroplanes

b) 1.13 VSR for two and three-engine turbo-propeller and turbojet aeroplanes
c) 1.20 VSR for all turbo-propeller aeroplanes
d) 1.15 VSR for all turbojet and turbo-propeller aeroplanes
1
 V SPEEDS
8. Given:
VS = Stalling speed
VMCA = Air minimum control speed
VMU = Minimum unstick speed
V1 = take-off decision speed
VR = Rotation speed
V2MIN = Minimum take-off safety speed
VLOF = Lift-off speed
The correct formula is:

a) V2MIN < VMCA > VMU

b) VR < VMCA < VLOF
c) VS < VMCA < V2MIN
d) VMU ≤ VMCA < V1

9. Which statement regarding V1 is correct?

a) V1 must not exceed VR

b) When determining the V1, reverse thrust is only allowed to be taken into account on the
remaining symmetric engines.
c) The V1 correction for up-slope is negative
d) V1 must not exceed VMCG

10. Which statement regarding V1 is correct?

a) V1 may not be higher than Vmcg

b) When determining V1, reverse thrust may only be used on the remaining symmetric engines
c) The correction for up-slope on the balanced V1 is negative
d) VR may not be lower than V1

11. The value of V1 has to be equal to or higher than:

a) V2
b) VR
c) VMCG
d) VMC

12. VFE is the maximum speed:

a) At which the flaps can be operated when flying in turbulence

b) With the flaps extended in the take-off configuration
c) With the flaps extended in the landing configuration
d) With the flaps extended

13. VR cannot be lower than:

a) 1.15 VS for turbo-prop with three or more engines

b) 1.2 VS for twin and three engine jet aircraft
c) V1 and 105% of VMCA
d) 105% of V1 and VMCA

2
 V SPEEDS
14. The landing reference speed VREF may not be less than:

a) 1.23 VSRO and must be determined down to 50 ft height

b) VSRO and must be maintained down to 35 ft height
c) 1.2 VMCA
d) 1.23 VSRO for turbo-jet powered and 1.30 for turboprop powered aircraft

15. The take-off safety speed V2 for two- or three-engine turbo propeller powered aircraft may not be
less than:

a) 1.15 VS1
b) 1.25 VS
c) 1.13 VSR
d) 1.15 VSR

16. What is the correct sequence of speeds during take-off?

a) V1, VR, VMCG, V2

b) V1, VR, V2, VMCA
c) VMCG, V1, VR, V2
d) V1, VMCG, VR, V2

17. The reference landing speed (VREF) has the following minimum margin above the reference
stalling speed in the landing configuration (VSO)

a) 15%
b) 23%
c) 10%
d) 20%

18. The decision speed at take-off (V1) is the calibrated airspeed:

a) At which the take-off must be rejected

b) At which failure of the critical engine is expected to occur
c) Below which the take-off must be continued
d) Below which the take-off must be rejected if an engine failure is recognised, above
which take-off should be continued.

19. The speed VLO is defined as:

a) Long distance operating speed

b) Design low operating speed
c) Lift off speed
d) Landing gear operating speed

20. The speed V1 is defined as:

a) Take-off decisions speed

b) Take-off climb speed
c) Speed for best angle of climb
d) Engine failure speed

3
 V SPEEDS
21. The speed V2 is defined for jet aircraft as:

a) Take-off decision speed

b) Take-off climb speed or speed at 35 ft
c) Critical engine speed
d) Lift off speed

22. Which of the following is true with regards to VMCA (air minimum cruise speed)?

a) VMCA only applies to four-engine aircraft

b) The aircraft will not gather the minimum required climb gradient
c) The aircraft is uncontrollable below VMCA
d) Straight flight cannot be maintained below VMCA, when the critical engine has failed.

23. The minimum value of V2 must exceed VMC by:

a) 30%
b) 10%
c) 15%
d) 20%

24. Given that:

VEF= Critical engine failure speed
VMCG= Ground minimum control speed
VMCA= Air minimum control speed
VMU= Minimum unstick speed
V1= Take-off decision speed
VR= Rotation speed
V2 min.= Minimum take-off safety speed
The correct formula is:

a) VMCG<=VEF < V1
b) 1.05 VMCA<= VEF<= V1
c) 1.05 VMCG< VEF<= VR
d) V2MIN<= VEF<= VMU

25. Regarding take-off, the take-off decision speed V1:

.
a) is always equal to VEF (Engine Failure speed).
b) is an airspeed at which the aeroplane is airborne but below 35 ft and the pilot is assumed to
have made a decision to continue or discontinue the take-off .
c) is the airspeed of the aeroplane upon reaching 35 feet above the take-off surface.
d) is the airspeed on the ground at which the pilot is assumed to have made a decision
to continue or discontinue the take-off.

26. The induced drag of an aeroplane at constant gross weight and altitude is highest at

a) VS1 (stalling speed in clean configuration)

b) VSO (stalling speed in landing configuration)
c) VMO (maximum operating limit speed)
d) VA (design manoeuvring speed)

4
 V SPEEDS
27. The speed VS is defined as

a) stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed at which the aeroplane is controllable.
b) safety speed for take-off in case of a contaminated runway.
c) design stress speed.
d) speed for best specific range.

28. The stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aeroplane is controllable in
landing configuration is abbreviated as

a) VS1.
b) VS.
c) VSO.
d) VMC.

29. The speed V1 is defined as

a) take-off climb speed.

b) speed for best angle of climb.
c) engine failure speed.
d) take-off decision speed.

30. The speed for best rate of climb is called

a) VY.
b) VX.
c) V2.
d) VO

31. The take-off decision speed V1 is:

a) not less than V2min, the minimum take-off safety speed.

b) a chosen limit. If an engine failure is recognized before reaching V1 the take-off must
be aborted.
c) a chosen limit. If an engine failure is recognized after reaching V1 the take-off must be
aborted.
d) sometimes greater than the rotation speed VR.

32. Which of the following statements is correct?

a) VR should not be higher than V1.

b) VR should not be higher than 1.05 VMCG.
c) VR is the speed at which, during rotation, the nose wheel comes off the runway.
d) VR is the speed at which the pilot should start to rotate the aeroplane.

33. Which take-off speed is affected by the presence or absence of stopway and/or clearway?

a) V1
b) V2
c) VMCG
d) VMCA

5
 V SPEEDS
34. The speed V2 is

a) that speed at which the PIC should decide to continue or not the take-off in the case of an
engine failure.
b) the take-off safety speed.
c) the lowest airspeed required to retract flaps without stall problems.
d) the lowest safety airspeed at which the aeroplane is under control with aerodynamic
surfaces in the case of an engine failure.

35. Maximum and minimum values of V1 are limited by :

a) VR and VMCG
b) V2 and VMCA
c) VR and VMCA
d) V2 and VMCG

36. Which of the following will decrease V1?

a) Inoperative anti-skid.
b) Increased take-off mass.
c) Inoperative flight management system.
d) Increased outside air temperature.

37. In case of an engine failure recognized below V1

a) the take-off may be continued if a clearway is available.

b) the take-off should only be rejected if a stopway is available.
c) the take-off must be rejected.
d) the take-off is to be continued unless V1 is less than the balanced V1.

38. In case of an engine failure which is recognized at or above V1

a) the take-off must be rejected if the speed is still below VLOF.

b) the take-off must be continued.
c) a height of 50 ft must be reached within the take-off distance.
d) the take-off should be rejected if the speed is still below VR.

39. V2 has to be equal to or higher than

a) 1.1 VMCA.
b) 1.15 VMCG.
c) 1.1 VSO.
d) 1.15 VR.

40. The speed VR

a) must be higher than V2.

b) must be higher than VLOF.
c) must be equal to or lower than V1.
d) is the speed at which rotation to the lift-off angle of attack is initiated

6
 V SPEEDS
41. Which of the following answers is true?

a) V1 <= VR
b) V1 > VLOF
c) V1 > VR
d) V1 < VMCG

42. Which statement is correct?

a) VR is the speed at which rotation should be initiated.

b) VR is the lowest climb speed after engine failure.
c) In case of engine failure below VR the take-off should be aborted.
d) VR is the lowest speed for directional control in case of engine failure.

43. Which statement is correct?

a) VR must not be less than VMCA and not less than 1.05 V1.
b) VR must not be less than 1.1 VMCA and not less than V1.
c) VR must not be less than 1.05 VMCA and not less than V1.
d) VR must not be less than 1.05 VMCA and not less than 1.1 V1.

44. Which of the following represents the minimum for V1?

a) VLOF
b) VMU
c) VR
d) VMCG

45. The lowest take-off safety speed (V2 min) is:

a) 1.20 Vs for all turbojet aeroplanes.

b) 1.15 Vs for four-engine turboprop aeroplanes and 1.20 Vs for two or three-engine
turboprop aeroplanes.
c) 1.15 Vs for all turbojet aeroplanes.
d) 1.20 Vs for all turboprop powered aeroplanes.

46. If the value of the balanced V1 is found to be lower than VMCG, which of the following is correct?

a) The take-off is not permitted.

b) The one engine out take-off distance will become greater than the ASDR.
c) The VMCG will be lowered to V1.
d) The ASDR will become greater than the one engine out take-off distance.

47. The speed V2 of a jet aeroplane must be greater than:

a) 1.2 VMCG.
b) 1.05 VLOF.
c) 1.2 Vs.
d) 1.3 V1.

7
 V SPEEDS
48. How is V2 affected if T/O flaps 20° is chosen instead of T/O flaps 10°?

a) V2 has the same value in both cases.

b) V2 decreases if not restricted by VMCA.
c) V2 increases in proportion to the angle at which the flaps are set.
d) V2 has no connection with T/O flap setting, as it is a function of runway length only.

49. The ’maximum tyre speed’ limits:

a) VLOF in terms of ground speed.

b) V1 in kt TAS.
c) VR, or VMU if this is lower than VR.
d) V1 in kt ground speed.

50. As long as an aeroplane is in a positive climb

a) VX is sometimes below and sometimes above VY depending on altitude.

b) VX is always below VY.
c) VX is always above VY.
d) VY is always above VMO.

51. Higher gross mass at the same altitude decreases the gradient and the rate of climb whereas

a) VX is increased and VY is decreased.

b) VY and VX are increased.
c) VY and VX are not affected by a higher gross mass.
d) VY and VX are decreased.

52. Given a jet aircraft. Which order of increasing speeds in the performance diagram is correct?

a) Maximum endurance speed, Long range speed, Maximum range speed

b) VS, VX, Maximum range speed
c) VS, Maximum range speed, VX
d) Maximum endurance speed, Maximum range speed, VX

53. Approaching in turbulent wind conditions requires a change in the landing reference speed (VREF):

a) Increasing VREF
b) Lowering VREF
c) Keeping same VREF because wind has no influence on IAS.
d) Increasing VREF and making a steeper glide path to avoid the use of spoilers.

54. What margin above the stall speed is provided by the landing reference speed VREF?

a) 1,30 VSO
b) 1,05 VSO
c) 1,10 VSO
d) VMCA x 1,2

8
 V SPEEDS
55. Which of the following sequences of speed for a jet aeroplane is correct? (from low to high
speeds)

a) VS, maximum range speed, maximum angle climb speed

b) Maximum endurance speed, maximum range speed, maximum angle of climb speed.
c) Maximum endurance speed, long range speed, maximum range speed.
d) VS, maximum angle climb speed, maximum range speed.

56. Which of the following provides maximum obstacle clearance during climb?

a) 1.2 VS.
b) The speed for maximum rate of climb.
c) The speed, at which the flaps may be selected one position further UP.
d) The speed for maximum climb angle VX

57. Which of the following listed speeds are used for determination of V2MIN:

a) VMCG, V2
b) VLOF, VMCA
c) VSR, VMCA
d) V1, VR.

58. In certain conditions V2 can be limited by VCMA

a) Low take-off mass, small flap extension, low field elevation.

b) High take-off mass, large flap extension, low field elevation.
c) Low take-off mass, large flap extension, low field elevation.
d) High take-off mass, small flap extension, high field elevation.

59. Which of the following speeds may vary if a stopway or clearway is available?

a) V2
b) V1
c) VMCG
d) VMC

60. The relationship of the reference landing speed (VREF) to the reference stalling speed in the
landing configuration (VSRO) is that VREF may not be below:

a) 1.23 VSRO
b) VSRO
c) 1.1 VSRO
d) 1.32 VSRO

61. What is the abbreviation for the term "Maximum landing gear extended speed"?

a) VLO
b) VNE
c) VLE
d) VA

9
 V SPEEDS
62. What does the abbreviation "VY" mean?

a) Speed for best angle of climb

b) Take-off decision speed
c) Speed for best rate of climb
d) Best approach speed

63. What is the abbreviation for the term "Speed for best rate of climb"?

a) VY
b) VX
c) VLO
d) V2

64. What is the abbreviation for the term "Take-off safety speed"?

a) VTOSS
b) VX
c) VY
d) VTO

65. What is the abbreviation for the term "Never exceed speed"?

a) VNE
b) VNO
c) VLE
d) VNX

10