Conventional

Representation
of
Machine
Components

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

 Lecture Outline

• General Discussion

• Conventional Representation of Machine Parts

• Screw Threads
• Springs
• Gears
• Other machine Parts

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

General Discussion

A Machine drawing consists of many standard features and

components such as threads, tapped holes, knurling, splines,
springs, gears, welded joints, structural sections and so on.

Since these features or components are common to almost all

machine drawings, they can be represented by common
conventions. This reduces detailing in drawing of each such feature
or component.

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Conventional Representation of Screw Threads

Whatever may be the kind of thread profile like V, square, acme and so on,
conventional representation for external and internal threading operations remains
the same.

For External Threads: Conventionally the outer circle should be full and inner one
representing minor diameter is ¾ th.

For Internal Threads: Conventionally the inner circle should be full and outer one
representing the major diameter of joining bolt/pin is ¾ th.

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Conventional Representation of Screw Threads
Actual Projection Convention

Visible Screw Threads

Section in external
screw threads

Section in internal
screw threads

Tapped Holes

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Conventional Representation of Springs
Actual Projection Convention

Cylindrical helical
compression spring in
circular section
Use: For foundation
work of machines,
automobile suspension

Cylindrical helical
compression spring in
rectangular section
Use: For foundation
work of machines

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Conventional Representation of Springs
Actual Projection Convention

Conical helical compression spring in circular

section

Volute springs

Cylindrical helical tension spring in circular

section

Cylindrical helical torsion spring in circular

section

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Conventional Representation of Springs
Actual Projection Convention
Semi-elliptic leaf spring

Semi-elliptic leaf spring with eyes

Semi-elliptic leaf spring with centre band

Semi-elliptic leaf spring with eyes and centre

band

Spiral spring

Spiral spring where winding is done by rotating

the enclosure

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Conventional Representation of Gears
Actual Projection Convention

For Gears, which are

symmetrical components
about their axis, there is
no need to draw a
complete sketch.

Instead an equal sign is Spur Gear Bevel Gear

marked on the axis,
implying that the part
shown is replicated on the
other side of the axis.

Worm Gear
VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV
Conventional Representation of Gears

In cases where assemblies of gears in meshed position are to be indicated, they

can be represented as follows

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Conventional Representation of Different
Machine Parts
Actual Projection Convention

External cylindrical pin and rectangular piece

Holes on linear

Holes on circular pitch

Repeated parts

Slotted head

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Conventional Representation of Different
Machine Parts
Actual Projection Convention

Radial ribs

Section of ribs

Serrated shaft

Splined shaft

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Conventional Representation of Different
Machine Parts
Actual Projection Convention

Ratchet and pinion

Bearing

Chain wheels

Straight knurling

Diamond knurling

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Conventional Representation of Different
Machine Parts
Actual Projection Convention

Small intersection
(Drilled hole of a rectangular recess)

Interrupted solid bars

Interrupted tubes

Symmetrical objects

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 End

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV