The main schools of Psychology 3:
Analytic psychology
Basics of Psychology
Sigmund Freud
Freud was born in 1856 in Austro-Hungarian
Empire, now part of the Czech Republic.
In 1886, Freud resigned his hospital post and
entered private practice specializing in
"nervous disorders".
He studied hypnosis under the famous
neurologist Charcot
3 unconscious.
Recognition of unconscious: tools
Which are the tools of Analytic Psychology?
How we can recognize the unconscious?
• Dream interpretation
• Free associations (I say a word. What is the
first word that comes to your mind?)
• Diarizing
• Psychedelic drugs, substances
• Psychoanalysis
5 • Erikson’s Psychosocial development
Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson
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Principles of Analytic Psychology
He had two surprising and shocking statements.
1. Sexual and aggressive urges (instincts) direct,
control, influence the human behavior.
2. These sexual and aggressive instincts are
unconscious.
After the period of the Enlightenment the people
believe that we are the top in the Nature.
We can thinking, we can decide rationally and
ethically. We are intelligent. We don’t kill each other.
And Freud states: We are animals. The sexual and
aggressive instincts direct us, and these instincts are
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The main schools of Psychology 3:
Analytic psychology
Freud
• Topographical model and Structural model of psyche
• Psychosexual development
• Defense mechanism
Neoanalytic schools
• Ego psychology by Hartmann
• Object relation theory (Kohut’s Self psychology-
narcissism, Mahler’s separation–individuation theory,
Klein’s depressive position, paranoid-schizoid
position)
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1

Topographical model
The majority, the most of psyche
is unconscious. (90 percent)
We know only the 10 percent of
ours psyche. The majority is
hidden, latent.
Like the ice berg. We can see
only the top of the ice berg.
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Stuctural model of psyche
1. Id (the it)
– Pleasure principle
– Ancient, unconscious, emotional
– Contains the libido
2. Ego (the I)
– Reality principle
– Rational, intellectual
– Relates to reality, enviroment
– Relates to Id and Super-ego
– Employs defense mechnisme
3. Super-ego (the Over-I, I above)
– Conscience, ego ideals
– Contents cultural rules 9
Defende mechanisme  example
• An conservative director has been live for 30 years
with his wife. He is faithfull. He has never cheated
on his wife.
• Only once, he perceives the nude thigh of his
secretary, who wears a short skirt. I would like this
woman.
• Super-ego says: This is not correct. You haven’t do
it.
• This isn’t a defense mechanism.
• But if Super-ego says: This is forbidden, prohibited
thought. Even the thought is guilty.
• It have supress to unconscious part. This is the
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defense mechanism.
Topographical model of psyche
1. conscious
2. preconscious
3. unconscious
– We can see only the top of the ice berg, the
conscious mind
– The unconscious mind direct ours behavior
– We can reach, bring out things only from the
preconscious mind by remembrance
– The unconscious mind aren’t available to
introspection. Psychical forces support of it
Stuctural model of psyche  example
• You perceive a cake, a cookie at the shop window of a
confectionery. I want to eat this cookie.
• Perceiving, eating – these are egofunctions. Only the
ego relates with reality.
• But the Id says: I want it! Do it something! Break the
shop window, take away the cookie, ant eat it!
• Breaking – this is an egofunction, but the desire comes
from the Id.
• At the moment Super-ego says: This isn’t a correct
behavior.
• Study well, go to university and graduate. After that get
a job, and whit your salary come back to the
confectionery, buy the cooky and eat it.
• This is a roundabout, indirection and difficult. 10
Stuctural model of psyche and
defense mechanism
Defense
mechanism
is the basic working
method of psyche.
Ego supress the
undesirable
emotions, thoughts,
happenings to
unconscious.
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2
 Schizophrenia versus
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Schizophrenia
• split between the Ego and the Reality
• characterized by failure to recognize what is
real. Common symptoms include false beliefs,
unclear or confused thinking, auditory
hallucinations, reduced social engagement and
emotional expression, and lack of motivation.
• There are three types of ego work: centripetal,
central, and centrifugal. The perception, the
thought, and the behavior.
• All the three types are false at the schizophrenic
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patient.
Schizophrenia versus
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Schizophrenia
• split between the
Ego and the Reality
Dissociative identity
disorder (DID)
• split inside the Ego
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Freud’s case studies
How many case studies wrote Freud all in all?
1. Dora case history (1905) Fragment of an Analysis
of a Case of Hysteria
2. Little Hans case history (1909) Analysis of a
Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy
3. Rat Man case history (1909) Notes upon a Case of
Obsessional Neurosis
4. Schreber case history (1911) Psycho-Analytic
Notes on an Autobiographical Account of a Case
of Paranoia
5. Wolfman case history (1918) From the History of
an Infantile Neurosis
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Schizophrenia versus
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
• split inside the Ego
• A dissociative person have at least two distinct
identities, personality states that alternately control
the behavior, accompanied by memory loss.
• The patient wake up, and don’t remember what he did
in last 3 days. Someone rearranged the room. These
aren’t my clothes. One personality like the art, usually
goas to theatre, the favor color is the blue. He is left-
handed. An other personality is more simple. He like to
gobble and guzzle, the fight. Hi is right-handed. His
favor color is the red. And they don’t know each other.
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Oedipus complex
• child's desire to have sexual
relations with the parent of the
opposite sex
• Oedipus refers to a 5th-century
BC Greek mythological character
Oedipus, who unwittingly kills his
father, Laius, and marries his
mother, Jocasta. 18
3
 Oedipus complex Oedipus complex
I am the husband of this women. She is my
girlfriend.
Therefore the boy hates his father. Killer
instinct. Father is the power, the autority,
the God in boy’s mind.
Killing God is an irreconcilable antagonism.
The only one solution: I must become like
my father: powerfull, agressive, and I must
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supress my sexual instincts. 20

Psychosexual development Questions

1. Oral stage (Birth–1 year)
– Mount is the erogenous zone
• Which are the principles of analytic
–
–
Dependency on others
Alcoholism, drug abuse
psychology?
2. Anal stage (1–3 year)
– Rectum is the erogenous zone
• Show the Freudian Topographical
–
–
Control over bowel and bladder
OCD model of psyche!
3. Phallic stage (3– 6 year)
– Genitals are the erogenous zones • Show the Freudian Structural
– Oedipus complex, sexual identity
– Masculinity, femininity model of psyche!
4. Latent stage (6–puberty)
–
–
Sexual interest is latent
Fantasies, masturbation
• What is the defense mechanism?
• What type is Freud’s development
5. Genital stage (Puberty–death)
– Genitals are the erogenous zones
–
theory, which are the stages?
The goal: to transvers the incest attachment to other persons, to forgive that the parents
aren’t perfect 21 22