Paper 2 – DRAMA

1. HENRIK IBSEN – “Hedda Gabler”

i. “Hedda Gabler” as a tragic play / as a tragedy
ii. Psychological problems of Hedda Gabler / Character sketch of “Hedda Gabler”
iii. Character of Loevborg
iv. Hedda’s suicide
2. BECKETT – “Waiting for Godot”
i. Beckett as a dramatist
ii. “Waiting for Godot” a play about absurd
iii. Human relationships in the play
iv. “Waiting for Godot” as an existentialist play / Existentialism in W-F-G
v. Different themes in the play
vi. “Waiting for Godot” as a tragi-comedy
vii. Structure of the play
3. ANTON CHEKOV – “The Cherry Orchard”
i. Symbolism in “The Cherry Orchard”
ii. “The Cherry Orchard” as a tragic comedy play
iii. Characters of Lyubov, Lopakhin and Trophimov
iv. “The Cherry Orchard” as a social or political play
4. EDWARD BOND – “The Sea”
i. Edward Bond as a dramatist
ii. Title of the play
iii. Symbolism in “The Sea”
iv. Theme of individual and society
v. Character sketches of main characters (Mrs. Rafi, Mr. Hatch)
vi. “The Sea” as a tragic-comedy / as a social Comedy / black humour
Paper 3 – NOVEL
1. JOSEPH CONRAD – “Heart of Darkness”
i. Symbolism in “Heart of Darkness”
ii. Character sketch of Mr. Kurtz
iii. Character sketch of Marlow
iv. Marlow as detective of Human soul
v. Conrad’s style and technique
vi. Themes
vii. “Heart of Darkness” as a political allegory / Criticism of Imperialism
viii. Comparison between “Heart of Darkness” and “Things Fall Apart”
2. ACHEBE – “Things Fall Apart”
i. Significance of the Title / Impact of British arrival on Igbo Culture
 ii. Okonkwo as tragic hero
iii. “Things Fall Apart” as a tragic play
iv. “Things Fall Apart” as a Post-colonial novel / Criticism of Imperialism
v. Achebe’s treatment of women / female characters
vi. Comparison between “Heart of Darkness” and “Things Fall Apart”
vii. Themes
3. AHMAD ALI – “Twilight in Delhi”
i. Significance of the title “Twilight in Delhi”
ii. Impact of British imperialism on Muslim Culture of Delhi / Fall of Muslim culture
in India
iii. Themes
iv. Ahmad Ali as a novelist
v. Symbolism
4. JAMES JOYCE – “Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man”
i. James Joyce’s style & technique (stream of consciousness, myth, irony, pun,
poetic diction etc.)
ii. Character sketch of Stephen Daedalus
iii. James Joyce’s aesthetic theory of art
5. VIRGINIA WOOLF – “To the Light House”
i. How has Virginia Woolf used stream of consciousness technique? Or Technique
of Virginia Woolf
ii. Symbolism in “To the Light House”
iii. Compare & contrast the characters of Mr. & Mrs. Ramsay
iv. Virginia Woolf as a novelist
v. Character study of Lime Brisko & symbolic importance of her paintings
vi. Structure of “To the Light House”
Paper 4 – LITERARY CRITICISM
1. ARISTOTLE – “The Poetics”
i. Aristotle’s theory of imitation / Aristotle’s Concept of Imitation
ii. Catharsis
iii. Tragedy
iv. Plot-Character relationship
v. Ideal Tragic hero
vi. Importance of the Plot of Tragedy
2. PHILIP SIDNEY – “An Apology for Poetry”
i. The objections or charges against poetry / Sydney’s Defense of Poetry
ii. Sidney’s theory of poetry / his views on poetry and drama
iii. Contribution of Sidney as a critic / Criticism
iv. Superiority of poetry over philosophy and history
 3. T.S. ELIOT– “The Critic (Tradition and Individual Talent)”
i. Eliot’s concept of tradition / Tradition and Individual Talent
ii. Theory of impersonality in poetry
iii. T.S. Eliot as a critic
iv. Eliot’s views on metaphysical poets
4. RAYMOND WILLIAMS – “Modern Tragedy”
i. Tragedy & Tradition
ii. Tragedy and contemporary ideas
iii. Rejection of tragedy
iv. Tragic views of various critics as Hegel and Nietzsche
v. Raymond William as a critic
Paper 5(Optional) - LINGUISTICS
1. Language
i. Language and its Characteristics
ii. Human Language and Animal Communication
iii. Language and Speech
iv. Language and Culture
v. Causes of Language Change
vi. Descriptive and Prescriptive Approach to the Investigation of Language
vii. One question is about notes for example “Write notes on TWO of the
following:”
a. Language Acquisition / b. Pidgin and Creole Languages / c. Language and
Culture / d.Multilingualism
2. Linguistics
i. Linguistics and its Levels
ii. Branches of Linguistics and Their Scope
iii. Features of Linguistics
iv. Growth and Development of Historical Linguistics
v. Sociolinguistics and its Significance
vi. Significance of Psycholinguistics
vii. Contribution of Ferdinand de Saussure
viii. One question is about notes for example “Write notes on TWO of the following:”
a. Comparative Linguistics / b. Historical Linguistics
3. Phonetics and Morphology
i. Phonetics and its Main Branches
ii. Places and Manners of Articulation (Consonant and Vowel)
iii. Complete Consonant’s assignment with examples
iv. Complete Vowel’s assignment with examples
v. Transcription of some words or phrases with Examples
 vi. Complete assignment on Morphology / Morphological analysis
vii. One question is about notes for example “Write notes on TWO of the
following:”
a. Auditory and Articulatory Phonetics / b. Places of Articulation with examples
/ c. Manners ofArticulation with examples / d. RP Consonants / e. Plosives and
Fricatives / f. Semi Vowels / g.Short Vowels / h. Long Vowels / i. Voicing
/ j. Primary stress(less important) / k. Morphology (most important) / l. Inflectional
and Derivational Morphology.
4. Syntax and Grammar
i. I.C. Analysis and its Major Flaws
ii. Phrase Structure Grammar
iii. Tree Diagram Giving P-Markers with Examples
iv. Complete assignment on Structuralism
v. Complete assignment on Bilingualism (most important)
vi. Grammatical Units
vii. One question is about notes for example “Write notes on TWO of the
following:”
a. Syntax / b. Why study Grammar? / c. Phrase Structure Grammar
/ d. TG Grammar / e. Generative Grammar / f. Generativism / g. Structuralism
/ h. Functionalism / i. Bilingualism
5. Semantics And Stylistics
i. Semantics and Some Types of Meaning
ii. Lexical Semantics (sense relation)
iii. Structural Semantics(less important)
iv. Major Semantic Theories
v. Semantic Field Theory
vi. Componential Analysis
vii. Stylistics and its Significance
viii. Complete assignment on Stylistics (most important)
ix. One question is about notes for example “Write notes on TWO of the following:”
a. Semantics / b. Polysemy and Synonymy / c. Stylistics

Important Note for this Assignment and Later Assignment

This assignment is according to UPTO DATE QUESTIONS (past papers of
PU Lahore from 2004 to onward). If you have any confusion during to
understand this assignment, you can ask from me. In the coming assignment,
I have submitted important references to the context which have also been
taken from past papers of PU Lahore.