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Q&A
Minimum Reinforcement in
Elevated Water Storage Tanks
Q.
Table 5.2 in “Guide for the concrete columns per Chapter 10 of
Analysis, Design, and ACI 318-05.4
Construction of Elevated Because of tank geometry, an
Concrete and Composite Steel-Concrete all-concrete tank typically has a much
Water Storage Tanks (ACI 371R-08),”1 smaller pedestal diameter than a
includes recommendations for minimum composite tank. The “wall” provisions
wall reinforcement. Under the heading, can lead to thick concrete sections in
“Seismic coefficient SD1 < 0.20,” the table regions of high seismicity, so it’s
has two minimum reinforcement ratios customary to design the pedestal as a
for vertically oriented bars, depending on “reinforced concrete column” in
the “maximum compressive fiber stress these situations. Section 5.2.2.3.3 of
based on actual axial plus flexure stress ACI 371R-08 states: “When the effects
resulting on gross concrete section” fc. The of vertical load and bending caused by
ratio is 0.0015 when fc is below 1 ksi the presence of slabs, diaphragms, or
(7 MPa), but it’s 0.005 when fc is 1 ksi or domes and other discontinuities are
more. Why is there such a jump when fc determined by rational analysis, the
exceeds 1000 psi? Also, could you provide pedestal wall should be designed as a
more details on the calculation of fc? column of unit circumferential width
according to ACI 318-05, Section 14.4,
A.
In brief, the 1000 psi limit is and the applicable sections of
Fig. 1: Common configuration of elevated
a convenient demarcation ACI 318-05, Chapter 10. The vertical
composite steel-concrete tanks (Fig. 1.2
between lightly loaded, wall reinforcement should be equal to
in ACI 371R-081)
large-diameter pedestals used for or greater than 0.005Ag and need not
composite tanks (tanks comprising a be enclosed by lateral ties when
reinforced concrete pedestal and steel the conditions of ACI 318-05,
tank as shown in Fig. 1) and more Section 14.3.6, are satisfied.”1
highly loaded, small-diameter pedestals Therefore, the minimum
used for all-concrete tanks (Fig. 2). reinforcement ratio of 0.005 in
Table 5.2 of ACI 371R-081 (Fig. 3) Table 5.2 of ACI 371R-08 comes
includes recommendations for both from limits for reinforcement
composite and all-concrete tanks and of compression members in
is effectively an expanded version of ACI 318-05:
Table 4.8.2 in ACI 371R-982 (Fig. 4), •• “…it shall be permitted to
which dealt only with composite tanks. base the minimum reinforce-
The pedestal design recommendations ment and strength on a
for composite tanks are based on reduced effective area Ag not
provisions for reinforced concrete less than one-half the total
walls per Chapter 14 of ACI 318-95,3 area” (Section 10.8.4); and
which don’t include the vertical •• “Area of longitudinal
reinforcing in compressive strength reinforcement, Ast, for
calculations. For all-concrete tanks, the noncomposite compression
pedestal design recommendations are members shall be not less than Fig. 2: Common configuration of elevated all-
based on provisions for reinforced 0.01Ag…” (Section 10.9.1). concrete tanks (Fig. 1.1 in ACI 371R-081)
We invite comment on any of the questions and answers published in this column. Write to the
Concrete Q&A Editor, Concrete International, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331; contact
us by fax at (248) 848-3701; or e-mail Rex.Donahey@concrete.org.
References
1. ACI Committee 360, “Guide to Design of Slabs-on-Ground (ACI
360R-10),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2010,
74 pp.
2. ACI Committee 117, “Specification for Tolerances for Concrete
Construction and Materials (ACI 117-10) and Commentary,” American
Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2010, 78 pp.
Editor’s note: We regret that the latest ACI documents were not
cited, and we thank Wayne Walker, Norcross, GA, for notifying us. Fig. 6.5: Typical doweled joints