APU

131-9A
VIBHU AGRAWAL
ETS/CTE,IAL,HYD

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SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
A/C ELECTRICAL ENGINE START /
SYSTEM AIR COND

APU GEN

BLEED

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SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
 APU

● Manufactured by HONEYWELL.
● APU bleed:
▷ MES -1000‘ to 14500‘ on ground.
( -1000’ to 9200’)
▷ ECS –
Single pack :22500’

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 APU

● Both pack 15000’

❑ Operating temperature range:
-54°C to +55°C
(-40°C to +55°C)
❑ Electrical power is available upto
39000’ but power decreases (from 90
KVA )above 29000’.
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 APU

❑ Shaft power has priority over ECS .

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 APU START
▷APU start operation can be
accomplished upto 25000’ using
battery power.
▷Start at any altitude can be
accomplished with TR Unit.

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 APU Control switches

25 VU

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 V U
3 0

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CONTROL AND INDICATING
 35 VU

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CONTROL AND INDICATING

 EXTERNAL POWER
CONTROL PANEL

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CONTROL AND INDICATING

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 FR80

FR 84

FR78
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 TOTAL 7 TIE RODS
LHS FWD -3
RHS FWD -2
AFT TOP -2
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 Actuator 43-1-1100 Amendment 1 ---- 47 Turns
Actuator 106-1-1100 ------------------------ 87 Turns
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 For opening LHS (first) 3+2 latches,

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RHS 2 latches
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 APU

● It is a single shaft assembly.

● It is supported by two bearings:
▷ Forward is duplex ball bearing and aft
is roller bearing.

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 APU –Power Section

▪ The power section drive the load

compressor and accessory gear box.
▪ Single centrifugal compressor and a
two stage axial turbine.
▪ It has reverse flow annular combustion
chamber.

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 APU bleed pressure

● Classic aircraft is fitted with EIS 1

system. If ADIRU 2 is OFF, bleed
pressure will be replaced by XX.
● New aircraft is fitted with enhance (EIS
2) system. If ADIRU 1 is OFF, bleed
pressure will be replaced by XX.

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DUAL COIL
DESIGN

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 APU Speed Sensor

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 APU N

● Displays APU speed in green.

● Becomes amber when N ≥102 %.
● Becomes RED when N ≥ 107%.

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 100%
MESMES

99.1%

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 APU EGT

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 Low Oil Level

● Advisory: Low oil level will be displayed if the

ECB detects a low APU oil level when the
aircraft is on ground and the APU is not
running.
● APU can operate for the next 10 hours.

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SPRAG CLUTCH / BRUSH WEAR INDICATOR / CRANKING PAD
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 Starter Duty Cycle
● Three consecutive start attempts are
permitted without cool down.
● After the third start attempt the starter
motor must be cool down for at least 60
minutes.

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ECB LOCATION

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Igniter Plug

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Press to drain valve

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Fuel System

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OIL System

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APU – Oil level

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Gravity Filling

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 APU – Oil level
● FULL…………...6.26 Lt.
● ADD…………….4.60 Lt.
● Low oil level……4.60 Lt.

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Oil Cooler

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High Oil Temperature Sensor

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Low Oil Pressure Sensor

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Lube Unit

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 OIL System
● CFDS message:
▷Lube Pump Filter
▷Gen Scav Filter

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OIL HEATER

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 OIL HEATER
● If the temperature is below 15.56°C, the
switch closes and 115V AC from 214 XP
is supplied to heater coil.
● If the temperature is above 48.89°C, the
switch opens.
● The heater has no direct connection (and
interface ) with ECB.

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 OIL HEATER
● APU OIL HEATER, class 2 fault is detected:
▷APU fuel temperature (FCU ) is less than
(-10)°C and the oil temp is less than
(-20°)C.

● The heater is indirectly monitored in flight

.

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 APU AIR SYSTEM
Surge control valve:
• To prevent load compressor surge or
stall (reverse flow )
• Fuel pressure operated
• Feedback by LVDT
• Visual position indicator
• Control by ECB

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APU AIR SYSTEM

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APU AIR SYSTEM

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IGV

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 IGV
• IGVs are 16 in number.
• They are operated by regulated fuel
pressure.
• Below 95% RPM, they are closed (15° open
).
• At 95%, they are 22° open.

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 IGV ACTUATOR
• It was removed from VT-ESD at Hyderabad
as rectification action for snag of “APU
auto shut down”.
• The vendor has rejected the warranty
claim citing “ in service damage to frame
and servo valve, amount of force caused
damage to critical parts”.

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 IGV ACTUATOR
• A little more awareness and adherence to
proper maintenance practices on the part
of engineering personnel while handling
expensive aircraft components would
save lot of money and time.

(DED/QA/AME-A/16 Dated June 06,2009 )

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Auto Shut Down
NO COOL DOWN

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 Auto Shut Down
High Oil Temperature:
● Oil temperature sensor has not failed and
oil temperature >149°C for 10 Sec.

APU Generator HOT:

● APU Generator oil temperature sensor has
not failed and oil temperature >185°C for
10 Sec

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 Auto Shut Down
Low Oil Pressure:
● Oil pressure is < 33 psig.
● The LOP signal is given by a pressure
switch in the APU gear box.
● The ECB generates a LOP shut down while
the APU is on speed and a low oil level
condition is stable for at least 20 sec.

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 Auto Shut Down
Reverse Flow:
● Disabled in the presence of DP and PT
sensor faults.
● Shutdown occurs if the presence of
steady reverse flow.
● Shutdown occurs if the measured L/C
discharge flow drops 5 % below the load
compressor surge line for 6 Sec.

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 Auto Shut Down
Sensor Failure:
● Both EGT thermocouples are not
functional prior to and during an APU
start.
▪ Low oil pressure switch is non functional in
combination with detection of a low oil
quantity.

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 Auto Shut Down
Over temperature:
● During starting: if the calculated T4
exceeds the schedule limit for 2 sec.
● During operation: if the calculated T4
exceeds the corresponding schedule limit
for 1 sec.

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 Auto Shut Down
Under speed:
● Shut down occurs if the APU acceleration
is <0.5% per sec. and speed is < 85% for
10 sec. when the APU is in the on speed
governed mode.

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 Auto Shut Down
No Acceleration:
● If the speed does not exceed 7% and
acceleration rate is <0.3% per sec., with
in 30 sec. after start initiation.
● (after light –off but before 95% speed ) if
the APU acceleration is less than
1. 0.1% per sec. for 15 sec.
2. 0.3% per sec. for 30 sec.
3. 0.5% per sec. for 90 sec.

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 Auto Shut Down
Over speed:
When over speed set point in the ECB is
triggered by an actual APU over- speed
condition of >106% rpm.

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 Auto Shut Down
Clogged Oil Filter: Disabled when in flight or
when main engines are operating.
● Shut down occurs when the:
▷APU oil temp.>38°C, APU is on speed and
filter impending bypass sw is active for 5
sec.
▷Gen oil temp.>38°C, APU is on speed and
filter impending bypass sw is active for 5
sec.
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 Auto Shut Down
APU Door:
● Inlet door Full open signal is lost for 0.5
sec whenever APU speed exceeds 7% or
● If the inlet door open signal is not received
within 30 sec after the inlet door is
commanded open.

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 Cool Down Cycle
● The function of the cool-down timer is to
delay the APU shutdown and to allow the
APU to run for 60 sec. at a low stabilized
temperature at 100% speed.

● The cool down cycle starts immediately

when the ECB receives the closed signal
of the LCV.

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 Cool Down Cycle
● The AVAIL signal remains active, the
generator remains loaded if selected.
● If the LCV was not in the open position
during the entire APU operation, the cool
down timer is set to zero sec.
● The APU enters the shutdown state
immediately when commanded to
shutdown.

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 Cool Down Cycle
● If the APU bleed is set to off more than 60
sec. before the APU master switch is set
to OFF, the APU is shutdown immediately.
● If the APU MAST SW is pushed before
completion of the cool-down cycle, the
APU will shutdown only after the cool-
down cycle is complete.

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DMM

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 DMM
● The DMM (Data Memory Module ) is a
nonvolatile memory device and is
installed on the APU (RHS ).
● The DMM stores life history data as
calculated by the ECB.
● It allows the APU data to remain with the
APU when the ECB is replaced.

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 DMM
● It keeps the data about the APU health
monitoring and the APU life usage.
● During the APU start process, the ECB
reads the actual DMM data and stored it in
its memory.
● The data will be updated in the ECB during
APU operation.

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 DMM
● During the APU shutdown, the ECB
transmits the updated data to the DMM
and old database is enlarged with the new
data.
● It stores 126 different parameters –
Serial no., model no., APU operating hours
and cycles etc.

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 DMM
● The DMM is an LRU.
● If the DMM fails, it must be replaced.
● The new DMM’s are delivered with all
zeros stored in memory.
● The ECB and DMM should not be replaced
at the same time.

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On MCDU - APU

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On MCDU - APU

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On MCDU - APU

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 APU Snag
● As per Honeywell, life is 5500 hrs.
● If during starting problems like slow
pooling, high EGT etc. is reported, check
the APU Hrs.
● If it is crossed 5500 Hrs, look for hot
section distress and call for BSI.

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