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Wind Turbines

Wind turbines come in several sizes, with small-scale models used for
providing electricity to rural homes or cabins and community-scale models used for
providing electricity to a small number of homes within a community. At industrial scales,
many large turbines are collected into wind farms located in rural areas or offshore. The
term windmill, which typically refers to the conversion of wind energy into power for
milling or pumping, is sometimes used to describe a wind turbine. However, the term wind
turbine is widely used in mainstream references to renewable energy (see also wind
power).
A major concern of wind turbine siting relates to negative environmental impacts associated
with noise, visual disturbance, and impacts on wildlife. Two kinds of noise associated with
turbines are mechanical noise, which is produced by its equipment such as its gearbox, and
aerodynamic noise, which is produced from the movement of air over the blades.
Mechanical noise may be dampened by altering mechanical components of turbines.
Aerodynamic noise, often described as a “swishing” sound, is a factor of types of blades
and speed of rotation. Wind turbine noise in decibels, however, has been found to be no
louder than that experienced by traveling in a moving car and is often comparable to
nighttime rural background noise. Other concerns involve flicker zones, where light may be
reflected off the spinning blades, and pockets of electromagnetic interference that
affect television and radio signals within close proximity to turbines.
A rough estimate of annual electric production in kilowatt-hours per year at a site can be
calculated from a formula multiplying average annual wind speed, swept area of the
turbine, the number of turbines, and a factor estimating turbine performance at the site.
However, additional factors may decrease annual energy production estimates to varying
degrees, including loss of energy because of distance of transmission, as well as availability
(that is, how reliably the turbine will produce power when the wind is blowing). By the
early 21st century most commercial wind turbines functioned at over 90 percent
availability, with some even functioning at 98 percent availability.
There are two primary types of wind turbines used in implementation of wind energy
systems: horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs).
HAWTs are the most commonly used type, and each turbine possesses two or three blades
or a disk containing many blades (multibladed type) attached to each turbine. VAWTs are
able to harness wind blowing from any direction and are usually made with blades that
rotate around a vertical pole. HAWTs are characterized as either high- or low-solidity
devices, in which solidity refers to the percentage of the swept area containing solid
material
Hipótesis Interpretativa
Párrafo 1
Wind turbines come in several sizes, with small-scale models used for
providing electricity to rural homes or cabins.
1- ¿Estas turbinas de viento de pequeña escala cuanto tiempo podrían durar en
funcionamiento para mantener con electricidad a estos hogares?
Párrafo 2
A major concern of wind turbine siting relates to negative environmental impacts
associated with noise, visual disturbance, and impacts on wildlife,
2- ¿Sera que el ruido de estas turbinas de viento puede ser minimizado hasta llegar a
ser nulo?

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