MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Week 9
Outline
• Microbial biomass production
• Environmental biotechnology
• Microbial biodeterioration of materials and its
control

Mikrobiologi industri_IT Del 2

 Microbial biomass production
• The purpose of microbial biomass production:
1. As fermentation starter cultures and inocula for
food and beverage fermentation, biopesticides, etc.
2. As a source of protein for human food.
3. Animal fodder.
• Microbial biomass production can be obtained
through: manufacture of baker’s yeast, single cell
protein production, mushrooms production

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 Manufacture of baker’s yeast
• As a leavening agent in the rising of the dough prior
to baking and as flavor.
• The yeast convert the sugar to alcohol and CO2, the
gaseous expands causing the dough to rise.
• Aerobic fermentation
• Molasses as the carbon and energy source,
phosphoric acid as phosphorus source and
ammonium sulfate as a source of nitrogen and sulfur.
• Molasses contains minerals, vitamins, and amino
acids
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Industrial production of yeast cells

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• Yeast culture processes can divided into 3 parts. Yeast laboratory process,
yeast is cultivated in a small scale laboratory apparatus ( test tube and
flask ) with a specific culture media. Yeast seed process, yeast seed
production is scaled up from yeast inoculum through various units of seed
fermentors until to F1-unit production fermentor. During this stage,
molasses (as carbon source) and defoamer agent are added. After the
effective concentration of yeast is achieved, the growth-broth is
centrifuged to form a yeast cream (18-20% solid). The last step, yeast
cream is mixed with nutrient and then transferred to 30 tons fermentor
to begin the fermentation process under a specific set of conditions. Once
the optimum condition is reached, the entire fermented media is filtered
through a highly-efficient filter press to make yeast cream (30% solid).

• The active yeast product is obtained after crushing, packaging, and finally
stored in a cold room.

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Desirable features of baker’s yeast
via genetic engineering
• High glycolytic activity
• Rapid utilization of maltose
• Osmotolerance
• Cryotolerance
• High growth rates

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 Environmental biotechnology
• The application of biological agents along with
chemical, physical and engineering processes
to maintain, protect or restore the
environment.
• This technology reduces our reliance on
synthetic chemical.

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Sewage and waste water treatment
• Waste water enter a treatment plant, added
microorganism into treatment plant and then
water suitable for release to rivers and
streams or to drinking water purification
facilities is produced.
• Microorganism play a particularly important
role in removing organic compounds

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 Levels of sewage treatment
• Primary treatment: physical
separation
• Secondary treatment: reduce the
organic load of sewage to
acceptable levels before releasing it
to natural waterways.
• Tertiary treatment: physicochemical
process employing precipitation,
filtration, chlorination to sharply
reduce the levels of inorganic
nutrients especially phosphate and
nitrate.

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 Secondary treatment
• Anoxic

• Aerobic

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 Microbial biodeterioration of
materials and its control
• Any undesirable change occurring in a natural
or processed material of economic
importance, brought about by the activities of
living organisms

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 Metals
• MO are known to initiate and enhance the
corrosion of metals through the formation of
biofilms.
• 3 routes for microbial corrosion:
Concentration cell, release of corrosive
metabolic products, and removal of cathodic
hydrogen by sulphate reducing bacteria

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 ‘cont
• Cladosporium resinae is able to degradate
plastics, oil, parafin
• Pseudomonas is able to breakdown the
hydrocarbon-chain

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THE END

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