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REPORT
TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY
Submitted By:
Abhimanyu saraswat
Civil 4th Year ‘A’
100107003
SUBMITTED TO:-
PROF. SATYA PRAKASH
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT CIVIL ENGINEERING
1)
TITLE
“Trenchless technology” is a type of subsurface construction
work that requires few trenches or no continuous trenches. It is
a rapidly growing sector of the construction and civil
engineering industry.
2)
ABSTRACT
3)
KEYWORDS
o Pipe jacking,
o pipe ramming,
o horizontal boring,
o trenchless construction
o guided boring
o Pipe eating
o Localized repair
o Pipe bursting
4)
OBJECTIVES
5)
STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
6)
IMPORTANCE OF THE PROPOSED
SEMINAR
Traditional open cut trenches are in general use for laying the
underground services but have following inherent
disadvantages, which can be eliminated / minimised by
adopting the trenchless technology methods:
7)
Methodology
NEW INSTALLATION:
MICRO TUNNELING:
Controlled excavation – steerable –Less than 1000mm
diameter –Medium length
8)
Micro tunneling machines have now been developed to work
from drives hafts in almost all types of ground conditions. The
cutting head has to be carefully selected to deal with the
expected ground conditions, with the appropriate cutting tools
and crushing devices for the range of gravels, sands, slits, and
clays.
The only excavating required from the service is for drive and
receptions shafts. Spoil may be removed from the face by an
auger running through the newly installed pipeline to a skip in
the base of the drive shaft.
9)
HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL
DRILLING
10)
SHORT DRIVE SYSTEMS
11)
AUGUR BORING
IMPACT MOLING:
ROD PUSHING:
It is a technique in which a bore of about 50mm diameter is
formed by displacement. A rod is advanced by a straight
hydraulic push and the pilot hole may be back reamed to the
required size. The technique is used for the installation of pipes
and conduits up to 15mm diameter over lengths of 30-40mm.
12)
to 2000mm diameter can be laid using this technique
depending upon the equipment uses.
GUIDED DRILLING:
Guide drilling employs an excavation or soil displacement with
compact lightweight rig for rapid mobilization. Small diameter
jets mechanized cutting tools or displacement heads attached
to a flexible drill string are positioned to form a bore as the head
is thrust forward. The drilling head is launched from the surface
at an inclined angle. Controlling the orientation of a slant face at
the head effects steering in both vertical and horizontal planes.
Monitoring of the alignment takes place using a transmitter in
the head and a locating device at ground level.
Guided Drilling
13)
REHABILITATION AND
RENOVATION
Mini Burst
14)
PIPE BURSTING:
In this method an existing pipeline can be replaced with a
pipeline of the same or larger dimension without opening up the
ground. It is especially useful in areas where the load on the
system is more than the existing pipe can handle and
replacement is required.
The method uses a mole as a bursting head
that is drawn through the existing pipe crushing it as it moves
forward and replacing it with a new PE (polyethylene) pipe. The
main advantage of this system is that a small power source can
be used to drive the mole with minimum time. Upsizing from
100mm diameter to 225mm diameter is now well established,
and pipes of up to 600mm diameter have been replaced.
PIPE EATING:
Pipe eating is an online micro tunneled replacement technique.
The existing defective pipeline is crushed and removed through
the new pipeline. Lateral connections must be disconnected in
advance and may be replaced by rider sewers or reconnected
by angled drilling.
15)
can pass bends of 90o . In places where joints have moved or
sections are missing, but the passage is available, the liner
creates a smooth transition. When the liner is in place, it is
heat cured to create a rigid, tough, and smooth inner surface.
LOCALISED REPAIR:
Local defects may be found in pipes due to cracking or joint
failures. Systems are available for resin injection to seal
localized defects in the range 100mm-600mm diameter.
16)
MODIFIED SLIP LINING:
It often called close fit lining utilize the properties of PE or PVC
to allow temporary reduction in diameter or change in shape
prior to insertion in the defective pipe.
17)
PRE-REQUISITES
18)
The main trenchless techniques which are in use in India
(included in the above mentioned methods) are described
below.
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING:
Directional drilling involves steerable tunneling systems for both
small and diameter lines. In most cases, it is a two-stage
process. The first stage consists of drilling a small diameter
pilot hole along the desired centre line of a proposed line and in
the second stage, the pilot hole is enlarged to the desired
diameter to accommodate the utility line and to pull the utility
line through the enlarged hole. The pilot hole is of
approximately 3 inches in diameter and is drilled with a
specially built rig up with an inclined carriage typically adjusted
to between 5 and 30 degrees, which pushes the drill rods into
the ground. However the optimum angle is 12 degrees. As the
pilot hole is being drilled, bentonite-drilling mud is pumped
down the center of the drill rods. The drill head consists of
either a jetting head or drill bit. In the case of a jetting head,
small diameter high-pressure jets of bentonite actually cut the
soil and facilitate spoil removal by washing the cuttings to the
surface where they settle out in a reception pit. In case of drill
bit, the bit is driven by a down hole mud motor located just
behind the drill bit from energy derived from the pumped drilling
fluid. Before the start of back reaming the pipeline has to be
19)
positioned on rollers in line with the hole to minimize any axial
load on the line.
ADVANTAGES:
The major advantage is the speed of installation combined with
the minimum environmental and social impact.
DISADVANTAGES:
1) Special equipment and very high degree of operation
skill is required.
20)
2) As the cost of the equipment and the operation are
high, bore length should be sufficient in order for it to be
economical.
3) Mainly steel pipe is being installed by the method.
RAMMING:
In this method, the pipe is rammed through the soil by using a
device attached to the end of the pipe to drive the pipe through
the soil. In this method, the tool does not create a borehole. It
acts as a hammer to drive the pipe through the soil.
Compressed air supplied from an air
compressor is generally used as a power source. When
ramming pipe, the leading edge cuts a borehole, the spoil
enters the pipe and is compacted as it is being forced to the
rear of the pipe. After the whole length of the pipe is rammed in
place, the tool is removed and the pipe is cleaned out.
The type of pipe installed by the pipe ramming method is
limited to steel due to the application of cyclic impact loads on
the pipe. The size of the pipe ranges from 2 inches to 55
inches. This method is capable of installing pipes to over 200
feet (60 meters) in length.
ADVANTAGES:
The pipe ramming is an effective method for installing medium
size pipes. The method is economic since the equipment cost
21)
is not very high and the operation is simple. The pipe can be
installed in one piece or segments. This can be used in almost
all types of soils. The method does not require any thrust
reaction structure.
DISADVANTAGES:
The major disadvantage is that there is no control over the line
and grade and in case of obstructions like boulders, the pipe
may be deflected. Then work should be stopped immediately.
For small diameter pipelines, the method is economical, but for
large diameter pipes, the equipment cost is high.
MOLING:
Moling is a method, which forms the borehole by compressing
the earth that immediately surrounds the compacting device
which is an underground piercing (mole) is propelled by a
power source. The tool is streamlined into bullet or
shape. The method is restricted to relatively small diameter
lines in compressible soil conditions.
22)
most ground conditions from loose sand to firm clay. The
method required the use of boring and receiving pit. After the
operation the unit can be backed out of the borehole. The tool
is removed and the cable is attached to the air hose and pulled
back through the borehole. In the case of rigid pipe, it can
simply be pushed through the open borehole. Any type of pipe
or cable can be installed by the method.
Moling Equipment
23)
being optimum. Again span lengths have increased with
modern advances in mole design.
ADVANTAGES:
It is a rapid, economic, and effective method of installing small
diameter lines. Any type of utility line can be installed using the
method. The stability of the soil around the borehole is
increased due to compaction. The investment in equipment is
minimum.
DISADVANTAGES:
Compaction methods are limited in their length by reliability
because basic systems are unintelligent, unguided tools that
tend to bury themselves, surface in the middle road or damage
existing utility lines.
AUGER BORING:
The auger horizontal earth boring is a process of
simultaneously jacking casing through the earth while removing
the spoil inside the casing by means of a rotating flight auger.
The auger is a flighted tube having dual functions, firstly it has
couplings at each end that transmit torque to the cutting head
from the power source located in the bore pit and secondly, it
serves to transfer spoil back to the machine.
24)
Augur Blades
This method requires bore pit both at the entry and exit
points of the bore. The auger-boring machine consists of the
boring machine, casing pipe, cutting head and augers as the
major components. The power source creates the torque,
which rotates the auger, which in turn rotates the cutting head.
The cutting head cuts the soil and the soil is transported to the
machine through the casing by means of the auger, which acts
as a screw conveyor.
25)
53 meter and 68 meter, though with experience and the use of
latest techniques up to 180 meter of boring is possible using
auger boring.
ADVANTAGES:
The major advantage is that the casing is installed at the same
time as the borehole excavation takes place. This method can
be used in a wide variety of soil types.
DISADVANTAGES:
This method requires different sized cutting heads and auger
sizes or each casing diameter, which increases the investment
in equipment. The investment in bore, pit construction, and the
initial setup is also required. In case of soils containing large
boulders, this method cannot be used advantageously.
26)
NEED FOR TRENCHLESS
TECHNOLOGY
27)
Original users of the road have to undergo hardships in the
form of additional mileage as well as time.
28
ADVANTAGES OF NO-DIG
TECHNOLOGY
29)
UTILISATION OF RESEARCH
RESULTS
30)
CONCLUSIONS
31)
REFERENCES
32)