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on
Architectural & Constructional
Textiles
-Ravindra Kumbhar
Introduction
Architectural Membranes
Products used in Architectural & Construction Textiles
Scaffolding Nets
- vinyl-laminated polyester
- vinyl-coated polyester
- acrylic-coated polyester
- vinyl-coated polyester/cotton
- solution-dyed acrylic
- painted polyester/cotton
- solution-dyed modacrylic
Products used in Architectural & Construction Textiles
Tarpaulins
• Material Properties
– the service life of fabric membrane structure: 15 to 30 years with PVC, PTFE, PVDC & ETFE textiles
– The typical life expectancy of a semi permanent PVC structure is 15-20 years plus
PROPERTIES OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION TEXTILES
Why to use Architectural Textiles?
• Solar Protection
- Specialty textiles offer a range of
UV & solar protection options for
both humans & buildings
PROPERTIES OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION TEXTILES
Why to use Architectural Textiles?
• Energy Efficiency
In comparison to traditional building materials, textiles are more energy
efficient in terms of:
- The textile production process
- Fabrication & installation of membrane systems
- The ability to use natural lighting instead of artificial lighting, with the use
of translucent fabrics
• Cost Efficiency
-Fabric structures offer a number of cost efficiencies in terms of:
- Economy & efficiency of materials used
- Speed of installation
-Re-deployability of fabric structures
PROPERTIES OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION TEXTILES
Why to use Architectural Textiles?
• Fire Safety
- Architectural textiles range from non-combustible (PTFE)
to low combustible (PVC/PVDF)
• Recyclability
- PVC textiles are now fully recyclable with major textile manufacturers
- At the end of a fabric structures life, deconstruction is far simpler than more
traditional structures.
- The deconstruction process is also much simpler & more conducive to the re-use
& recycling of building components.
MEMBRANE STRUCTURES IN ARCHITECTURAL &
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Meshes: Meshes are porous fabrics, such as woven polyester, that are lightly
coated with vinyl. Knitted meshes are made of high density polyethylene,
polypropylene, or acrylic yarns.
Meshes are used as shelters from wind and Sun, however they cannot provide
adequate protection from rain.
Fabrics: Fabric structures are by far most widely used membrane structures. Fabrics
are typically coated or laminated with synthetic materials to improve strength and
environmental resistance
FABRICS FOR ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION
Fabrics must be
- Resistant to deformation and extension under tension
- Resistant to wind and water
- Waterproof
- Impermeable to air and wind
- Resistant to abrasion and mechanical damage
- Resistant to degradation (long term exposure to sunlight & acid rain)
Base Fabrics:
• Base fabrics are usually made of synthetic fibres and form the carrier layer which provides the
necessary strength to the structure.
• Aramid and Carbon fibres have excellent properties but expensive to use in construction
extensively
• High-tenacity Polyester, Fiberglass and Nylon are most widely used
FABRICS FOR ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION
Nylon fabric - More durable than polyester, more stretch and higher cost than polyester
Glass fabric – Resist stretching, reflects a high percentage of the Sun’s heat
and keep the interior of the structure cool. Do not burn or smoke.
- Continuous filament yarns are preferred over staple fibre yarns due to inherent strength and
elongation resistance
Woven structures are usually the design of choice for fabric rigidity and dimensional stability for
many applications. Generally simple weave patterns such as plain weave and low harness twills are
used
COATING AND LAMINATING
Most economical
Good tear resistance
Waterproofness
Protects the base fabric from sunlight and weathering degradation
Coating claims to improve dimensional stability
Higher tensile strength
Higher flex resistance
Higher abrasion resistance
Longer life
• Without the top finish the PVC coated fabric begin to attract dirt and lose its
aesthetic benefit
• PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) - applied as a thin liquid to the surface of the PVC
coated fabric. PVDF polymer has better UV resistance
PROPERTIES OF COATED FABRICS FOR ARCHITECTURE AND
CONSTRUCTION
High tensile strength
Adequate elongation
High melting point
Waterproofness
Toughness
Resistance to rot and fungi
Resistance to weathering effects and aging
Wet and dry dimensional stability
Resistance of coating to high and low temperatures
Flame resistance
Abrasion and tear resistance
Low weight
Flexibility
Good adhesion of the backing fibres to coating
PROPERTIES OF COATED FABRICS FOR ARCHITECTURE AND
CONSTRUCTION
• For constructional and architectural coated fabrics resistance to fatigue and time
related fatigue becomes very important.
• One of the most important properties of coated fabrics for buildings is the residual
strength
THICKNESS
BREAKING LOAD
WEFT
BREAKING ELONGATION WARP
TEAR STRENGTH
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
• Clear-Span Structures
- Clear space beneath the fabric
- Free of poles and other supporting
elements
- Can accommodate doors, flooring,
insulation, electricity
- More permanent than Tents & Less
permanent than air or Tensile
Structures
APPLICATIONS OF COATED FABRICS IN BUILDING STRUCTURES
Tension Structures
• metal pylons
• tensioning cable
• wooden or metal frameworks
are used to support the fabric.
Air Structures
Air-supported structures can be built in
two ways
Fibre Reinforcement
Increases the toughness or tensile properties
of basic matrix
Decreases cracking of concrete
Fibres with moduli lower than the cement matrix - Cellulose, Nylon, Polypropylene
Fibres with moduli higher than the cement matrix - Glass, Carbon, Kevlar
• To improve audibility
• To preserve the natural quality of sound
• To prevent transmission of undesired sound