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Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity

Article · February 2018

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Maad M. Mijwel
Albert Einstein
The Theory of Relativity
Maad M. Mijwel
maadalnaimiy@yahoo.com
February 2018
__________________________________________________*****________________________________________________
In 1915, Albert Einstein revolutionized physics. He described
in the General Theory of Relativity how gravity arises when
space and time writhe.
In November 1915 Albert Einstein explained a radically new
world view to the Prussian Academy of Sciences with the
General Theory of Relativity. Accordingly, masses and rays of
light do not merely move through space and time - space and
time themselves merge into a structure that constantly curves
and changes. Heavy bodies distort their geometry, even light
then runs on curved tracks. Extreme consequences are such
exotic objects as black holes, the researchers have not
understood until today, or gravitational waves whose direct
detection still failed. And how Einstein's cosmos could be
reconciled with the equations of quantum physics - this will
probably be one of the greatest tasks of theoretical physics of
the current century.
The theory of relativity is essentially about experiencing two
objects that move relative to one another, hence the name:
theory of relativity. The effects of relativity occur only at high
speeds, at velocities comparable to the speed of light: time
increases, scales shorten, and the mass of the moving object
increases. This is described in the "special theory of
relativity". The second possibility: they occur in the presence
of large masses. This is described in the "general theory of
relativity".
2 simultaneous, when light needs time to move through
In addition: E = mc , which means that energy is "equivalent"
to the mass. Energy can be converted to mass, and vice
versa. This is the so-called "mass defect". When light atomic
nuclei fuse (hydrogen to helium), the final product is slightly
lighter, some of the mass has been converted to energy and
maadalnaimiy@yahoo.com _____________________________________
February 2018
released. Or when heavy atomic nuclei decay - some of the
mass has been converted to energy, the end products are
slightly lighter than all the ingredients.
How come?
Before the theory of relativity existed, it was thought that
space and time are absolute. They do not change. They went in
search of the "absolute cosmic platform", something to which
one can relate his speed. As a person on the train goes at 5 km
/ h. But compared to the platform at 105 km / h, when the train
itself runs at 100 km / h. It was thought that the "ether" would
be such a suitable quiet thing. It fills the entire universe, is
absolutely transparent, because the light penetrates, and is the
carrier of light, which has a very high speed - so the ether
would have to be extremely "tough", because only so a
substance allows such high speeds. Michelson-Morley set out
with a famous experiment to search for this ether - and they
proved that it does not exist. There is therefore no absolute
speed, only relative speeds of objects to each other. If you
think that over, and Einstein did that, you get very peculiar
results that made a change in the physical world picture
necessary.
The requirements
The theory of relativity assumes that the speed of light is
always and everywhere the same: around 300,000 km /
s. That's 7 1/2 times around the earth in one second. And in
addition, something amazing: Whether you fire a flashlight
from a fast spaceship, or from a moving train, or from the
armchair in the room - it always has this timidity. From this
Einstein concluded:
Details
When a traveler moves relative to an observer, the observer
will notice:
1. The time of the traveler is extended.
2. Its distances in flight direction are shortened.
3. The mass of the traveler increases.
4. The "simultaneity" is also not very clear. What is
the universe?
These are the effects of the "special theory of relativity". It
describes the behavior of space and time from the point of
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 Maad M. Mijwel February 2018

view of observers moving relative to each other and the
phenomena associated with it.
Based on this, the "general theory of relativity" traces
gravitation back to a curvature of space and time. It is caused
by the masses involved. Just as a billiard ball pushes a rubber
mat down, masses in the universe change the space-time (a
texture that can be thought of as a "rubber mat").
The theory of relativity thus deals with the structure of space
and time and the nature of gravitation. For the first time, space
and time are not seen as something solid, but as something
changeable.
Einstein published the special theory of relativity in 1905 and
the general relativity theory in 1915. His theories were no
longer clearly understandable, but needed a fair amount of
mathematics to understand them rudimentarily.
And who says that's all right?
On the one hand atomic clocks. They are very accurate. Two
of them are juxtaposed and synchronized. Then one of them
flies around with a plane for a long time. Then you compare
both again - and by the movement is the flown something
"younger", it lacks a few millionths of a second.
not be able to cover the 20 km to the ground at this time. And
yet they are measured. There are two arguments for this - the
first from the point of view of muons: "Our time passes much
more slowly because we are so fast, so we manage to reach the
ground in the extended time". Or from our point of view,
observers: "The fact that the muons are so fast, shrinks the
distance they have to fly to reach the earthquake. In their short
half-life, they manage the short distance well.
And then: the sun. It "generates" its energy with energy-mass
equivalence. It converts a lot of matter into energy per second
and radiates through it.
Oh yes, the twin paradox says that twins - separated at birth -
are different ages, when one of them flies through the universe
and then they see each other again. This is a thought
experiment - analogous to the case with the two clocks from
which one lets fly.

On the other hand, particle accelerator. They are built to

accelerate elementary particles at speeds approaching the
speed of light. Their mass then increases according to
Einstein's Theory of Relativity. The plants must be built
accordingly, otherwise the things pop on the wall.

And muons: these are elementary particles that are created in

the upper atmosphere by the collision of cosmic radiation with
air particles. Their half-life is very low, actually they should

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